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Multicolor strategies for investigating clonal expansion and tissue plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:141. [PMID: 35187598 PMCID: PMC8858928 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the generation of complexity in living organisms requires the use of lineage tracing tools at a multicellular scale. In this review, we describe the different multicolor strategies focusing on mouse models expressing several fluorescent reporter proteins, generated by classical (MADM, Brainbow and its multiple derivatives) or acute (StarTrack, CLoNe, MAGIC Markers, iOn, viral vectors) transgenesis. After detailing the multi-reporter genetic strategies that serve as a basis for the establishment of these multicolor mouse models, we briefly mention other animal and cellular models (zebrafish, chicken, drosophila, iPSC) that also rely on these constructs. Then, we highlight practical applications of multicolor mouse models to better understand organogenesis at single progenitor scale (clonal analyses) in the brain and briefly in several other tissues (intestine, skin, vascular, hematopoietic and immune systems). In addition, we detail the critical contribution of multicolor fate mapping strategies in apprehending the fine cellular choreography underlying tissue morphogenesis in several models with a particular focus on brain cytoarchitecture in health and diseases. Finally, we present the latest technological advances in multichannel and in-depth imaging, and automated analyses that enable to better exploit the large amount of data generated from multicolored tissues.
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Tiede S, Kalathur RKR, Lüönd F, von Allmen L, Szczerba BM, Hess M, Vlajnic T, Müller B, Canales Murillo J, Aceto N, Christofori G. Multi-color clonal tracking reveals intra-stage proliferative heterogeneity during mammary tumor progression. Oncogene 2020; 40:12-27. [PMID: 33046799 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite major progress in breast cancer research, the functional contribution of distinct cancer cell clones to malignant tumor progression and metastasis remains largely elusive. We have assessed clonal heterogeneity within individual primary tumors and metastases and also during the distinct stages of malignant tumor progression using clonal tracking of cancer cells in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Comparative gene expression analysis of clonal subpopulations reveals a substantial level of heterogeneity across and also within the various stages of breast carcinogenesis. The intra-stage heterogeneity is primarily manifested by differences in cell proliferation, also found within invasive carcinomas of luminal A-, luminal B-, and HER2-enriched human breast cancer. Surprisingly, in the mouse model of clonal tracing of cancer cells, chemotherapy mainly targets the slow-proliferative clonal populations and fails to efficiently repress the fast-proliferative populations. These insights may have considerable impact on therapy selection and response in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Tiede
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ravi Kiran Reddy Kalathur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Lüönd
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca von Allmen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathias Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Müller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Hagert CF, Bohn AB, Wittenborn TR, Degn SE. Seeing the Confetti Colors in a New Light Utilizing Flow Cytometry and Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2020; 97:811-823. [PMID: 32459058 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic multicolor transgenic labeling systems, such as the Brainbow reporters, have emerged as powerful tools in lineage tracing experiments. Originally designed for large-scale mapping of neuronal projections in densely populated tissues, they have been repurposed for diverse uses. The Brainbow 2.1-derived Confetti reporter was used, for example, to define stem cell clonality and dynamics in crypts of the intestinal mucosa, T-cell clonality, microglial heterogeneity, and B-cell clonal evolution in germinal centers. Traditionally, read-outs have relied on imaging in situ, providing information about cellular localization within tissue stroma. However, recent applications of the technique have moved into hematopoietically derived motile cell types, for example, T and B lymphocytes and their progeny, creating an unmet need to survey larger populations of cells ex vivo to determine labeling densities or skews in color representation over time to read-out clonal expansion and selection effects. Originally designed for imaging methods, these reporters encode information in the spectral properties of fluorophores and their subcellular localization, making them poorly suited to traditional flow cytometry analyses. The advent of high-content imaging and imaging flow cytometry have recently closed the gap between flow cytometry and imaging. We analyzed a 10-color biallelic Confetti reporter using flow and imaging flow cytometry. Beyond its use as a high-throughput method for measuring reporter labeling densities and color distributions over time, it also opens the door to new avenues of research relying on similar read-outs, for example, tumor heterogeneity and clonal dynamics. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Bille Bohn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Søren E Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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de Roo JJD, Vloemans SA, Vrolijk H, de Haas EFE, Staal FJT. Development of an in vivo model to study clonal lineage relationships in hematopoietic cells using Brainbow2.1/Confetti mice. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO427. [PMID: 31827896 PMCID: PMC6900974 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells maintain the homeostasis of all blood cell progeny during development and repopulation-demanding events. To study the lineage relationships during hematopoiesis, increasingly complex cell tracing models are being developed. In this study, we describe adaptations to the original R26R-Confetti mouse model, which subsequently offers a relatively easy approach to study low complexity clonality during hematopoiesis, with special focus on B and T lymphocyte development. This protocol employs spatiotemporal Cre expression controlled by gammaretroviral transduction for efficient fluorescent protein cell marking. Transplantation of fluorescently marked Lin- cKit+ hematopoietic progenitor cells into Rag1-/- mice, resulted in the visualization of differentially contributing stem cell clones to various lineages. Our methodology is useful to study questions in fundamental and preclinical hematopoietic research and in vivo B- and T-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda JD de Roo
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A Vloemans
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vrolijk
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin FE de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank JT Staal
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Live-Cell FRET Imaging Reveals a Role of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activity Dynamics in Thymocyte Motility. iScience 2018; 10:98-113. [PMID: 30508722 PMCID: PMC6277225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays critical roles in T cell development in the thymus. Nevertheless, the dynamics of ERK activity and the role of ERK in regulating thymocyte motility remain largely unknown due to technical limitations. To visualize ERK activity in thymocytes, we here developed knockin reporter mice expressing a Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor for ERK from the ROSA26 locus. Live imaging of thymocytes isolated from the reporter mice revealed that ERK regulates thymocyte motility in a subtype-specific manner. Negative correlation between ERK activity and motility was observed in CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes and CD8 single-positive thymocytes, but not in CD4 single-positive thymocytes. Interestingly, however, the temporal deviations of ERK activity from the average correlate with the motility of CD4 single-positive thymocytes. Thus, live-cell FRET imaging will open a window to understanding the dynamic nature and the diverse functions of ERK signaling in T cell biology. Mice expressing EKAREV from ROSA26 locus enable ERK activity monitoring in T cells ERK activity negatively regulates the motility of thymocytes in the thymus Temporal dynamics of ERK activity regulates cell motility of CD4-SP in the medulla TCR signal from intercellular association induces ERK activity dynamics in CD4-SP
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Henninger J, Santoso B, Hans S, Durand E, Moore J, Mosimann C, Brand M, Traver D, Zon L. Clonal fate mapping quantifies the number of haematopoietic stem cells that arise during development. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 19:17-27. [PMID: 27870830 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise in the developing aorta during embryogenesis. The number of HSC clones born has been estimated through transplantation, but experimental approaches to assess the absolute number of forming HSCs in a native setting have remained challenging. Here, we applied single-cell and clonal analysis of HSCs in zebrafish to quantify developing HSCs. Targeting creERT2 in developing cd41:eGFP+ HSCs enabled long-term assessment of their blood contribution. We also applied the Brainbow-based multicolour Zebrabow system with drl:creERT2 that is active in early haematopoiesis to induce heritable colour barcoding unique to each HSC and its progeny. Our findings reveal that approximately 21 HSC clones exist prior to HSC emergence and 30 clones are present during peak production from aortic endothelium. Our methods further reveal that stress haematopoiesis, including sublethal irradiation and transplantation, reduces clonal diversity. Our findings provide quantitative insights into the early clonal events that regulate haematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Henninger
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Buyung Santoso
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Stefan Hans
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen Durand
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jessica Moore
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brand
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Traver
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0380, USA
| | - Leonard Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit R. Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany; ,
| | - Ton N.M. Schumacher
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany; ,
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