1
|
Jagerdeo E, Auger S. Rapid screening procedures for a variety of complex forensic samples using laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) coupled to different mass spectrometers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9244. [PMID: 34984743 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The applications shared in this paper demonstrate the wide variety of samples that can be analyzed when Laser Diode Thermal Desorption (LDTD) is interfaced with a high-resolution mass spectrometer and show the speed at which high quality data can be generated from complex matrices. METHODS Samples are solvent extracted and spotted in a 96-well plate. In the case of biological fluids, hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction is required. The solvent in the 96-well plate is evaporated followed by mass spectrometric (MS) analysis with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Where applicable, the instrument is operated in data-dependent mode, with a full-scan mass spectrum followed by MS/MS spectra of the top 10 ions with a total runtime of 0.4 min. RESULTS Four applications (MAAQ and Tear Gas, twelve rodenticides, seven explosives, and 40 drugs of abuse) are reported in this paper. MAAQ, tear gas, and rodenticides were identified by full-scan, followed by MS/MS experiments at levels of 125 μg/L, 125 μg/L, and 500 μg/L, respectively. Explosives were all identified at 102 μg/L by full-scan experiments. The drugs of abuse were identified by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiments at defined cutoff levels from 2 to 1000 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS Interfacing LDTD with a mass spectrometer allows for rapid screening of a wide range of samples, with either minimal or complex sample preparation. Using a high-resolution mass spectrometer with the combination to perform full-scan and MS/MS experiments adds a high level of specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eshwar Jagerdeo
- Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baghayeri M, Nabavi S, Hasheminejad E, Ebrahimi V. Introducing an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Two Layers of Ag Nanoparticles Decorated Graphene for Rapid Determination of Methadone in Human Blood Serum. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
3
|
Davidsen A, Mardal M, Linnet K, Dalsgaard PW. How to perform spectrum-based LC-HR-MS screening for more than 1,000 NPS with HighResNPS consensus fragment ions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242224. [PMID: 33180844 PMCID: PMC7660508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ever-changing market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) poses challenges for laboratories worldwide. Analytical toxicologists are constantly working to keep high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) screening libraries updated for NPS. This study sought to use the online crowd-sourced HighResNPS database for spectrum comparison screening, thereby broadening its utility to all HR-MS instruments. METHOD HighResNPS allows formation of a set of consensus fragment ions for a NPS and prioritises among multiple entries of collision-induced fragment ions. A subset of 42 NPS samples was analysed in data-independent acquisition (DIA) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) modes on two different instruments. HighResNPS-computed spectra were generated with either Absolute (all fragment ions set to 100%) or Fractional (50% intensity reduction of former fragment ion) intensity. The acquired NPS data were analysed using the consensus library with computed ion intensities and evaluated with vendor-neutral screening software. RESULTS Overall, of the 42 samples, 100% were identified, with 88% identified as the top candidate. Three samples had the correct candidate proposed as the second highest ranking NPS. In all three of those samples, the top proposed candidate was a positional isomer or closely related compound. Absolute intensity assignment provided identical scoring between the top two proposed compounds in two samples with DIA. DDA had a slightly higher identification rate in the spectra comparison screening with fractional intensity assignment, but no major differences were observed. CONCLUSION The fractional intensity assignment was slightly more advantageous than the absolute assignment. It was selective between proposed candidates, showed a high identification rate and had an overall higher fragmentation scoring. The candidates proposed by the HighResNPS library spectra comparison simplify the determination of NPS for researchers and toxicologists. The database provides free monthly updates of consensus spectra, thereby enabling laboratories to stay at the forefront of NPS screening by LC-HR-MS with spectra screening software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Davidsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Mardal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Linnet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petur Weihe Dalsgaard
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tran RJ, Sly KL, Conboy JC. Revealing the Kinetic Advantage of a Competitive Small-Molecule Immunoassay by Direct Detection. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13163-13171. [PMID: 32878441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule detection in an immunoassay format generally employs competition or labeling. A novel direct-detection label-free primary immunoassay utilizing second harmonic generation (SHG) has been developed and the utility of the method has been demonstrated for several small-molecule narcotics. Specifically, the binding of morphine, methadone, and cocaine to antimorphine, antimethadone, and anticocaine antibodies was measured by SHG, allowing binding affinities and rates of dissociation to be obtained. The SHG primary immunoassay has provided the first kinetic measurements of small-molecule hapten interactions with a receptor antibody. The kinetics reveal for the first time that competitive immunoassays achieve their selectivity by taking advantage of the kinetics of association and dissociation of the labeled and unlabeled target and nontarget small-molecule to the capture antibody. In particular, the induced fit of the target small-molecule to their antibody pairs prolongs their residence time, while the nontarget small-molecule dissociate rapidly in comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Krystal L Sly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - John C Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Danielak D, Banach G, Walaszczyk J, Romański M, Bawiec M, Paszkowska J, Zielińska M, Sczodrok J, Wiater M, Hoc D, Kołodziej B, Garbacz G. A novel open source tool for ELISA result analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113415. [PMID: 32574997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ELISA has become a standard analytical tool in the numerous branches of science and industry. Processing of the ELISA results may be a multistep process, often requiring a prior adaptation, using proprietary software, or exporting the results into external internet platforms. It may be problematic in the light of good documentation practices and maintaining good data integrity. In this paper, we present the development and application of the ELISA Tool software. The program is based on a Python scripting programming language and is available under an open-source license. The ELISA Tool allows users to fully control and validate the calculation procedure through a user-friendly graphical user interface. The modular architecture of the software allows its application in other information technology (IT) projects used for data processing in research laboratories. We successfully applied the ELISA Tool for the analysis of real-life samples. The ELISA Tool allowed import of the measurement data, an approximation of the calibration curves with two different algorithms, exploration and diagnostics of the model fit, and generation of the final report with the calculations while maintaining the raw data file unchanged. We report here for the first time the implementation of the idea of full control over data processing, from measured raw data to the final report. We obtained a transparent, open, registered system of data processing control, independent of third parties. The modular and flexible architecture of the created software encourages its further development following the individual demands of the users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Danielak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Banach
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Juliusz Walaszczyk
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Michal Romański
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marek Bawiec
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Monika Zielińska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 4 Berdychowo St., 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Sczodrok
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Marcela Wiater
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Hoc
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Determination of methadone and EDDP in oral fluid using the dried saliva spots sampling approach and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2177-2187. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
7
|
Emara S, Zarad W, Kamal M, Ali A, Aboulella Y. Sensitivity Enhancement for Direct Injection Capillary Electrophoresis to Determine Morphine in Human Serum via In-capillary Derivatization. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:177-185. [PMID: 30272145 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with in-capillary derivatization and fluorescence detection has been developed to determine morphine in human serum. The sample was introduced into a background electrolyte (BGE) containing potassium ferricyanide, whereas morphine was oxidized into highly fluorescent product, pseudomorphine. Different parameters for derivatization and subsequent separation were systematically investigated for the analysis of morphine in serum. Efficient performance of the developed MEKC system was carried out in a single run using BGE made up of 70 mM sodium tetraborate decahydrate (pH 10.5), 0.30 mM potassium ferrricyanide, 80 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, and applied voltage of 9 kV. The combination of MEKC with in-capillary derivatization of morphine was successfully achieved with a high degree of sensitivity. The validation of the method showed good linearity between areas of morphine and the corresponding concentrations over the range of 5-5000 ng/mL. Excellent accuracy and precision were obtained at all concentration levels. The mean recoveries of morphine were ranging from 83.86 to 94.45%. The validated MEKC method successfully permitted determination of morphine in clinical samples after a single oral dose of controlled release morphine sulfate tablets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Emara
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Zarad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Km 28 Ismailia Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Kamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern Sciences and Arts University, 26 July Mehwar Road intersection with Wahat Road, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Laboratory for Single Cell Mass Spectrometry, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasmine Aboulella
- Laboratory for Single Cell Mass Spectrometry, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Franco de Oliveira SCWSE, Zucoloto AD, de Oliveira CDR, Hernandez EMM, Fruchtengarten LVG, de Oliveira TF, Yonamine M. Development of a simple HPLC-DAD multi-analyte procedure and its application in cases evaluated by the Poison Control Center of São Paulo, Brazil. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4360. [PMID: 30109709 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a simple approach to overcome challenges in emergency toxicological analysis, using liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). A rapid procedure has been developed, for the extraction and detection of 19 analytes from the following drug classes: analgesics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anticonvulsants and drugs of abuse. These substances are relevant in the context of emergency toxicology in Brazil. The method has been validated according to international guidelines by establishing parameters such as lower limit of quantification, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The intra and inter-day precision values, at the lowest concentration levels, have always been less than 20% considering its relative standard deviation. As for accuracy values, these have also been satisfactory (above 81.3%). This method was successfully applied in 201 blood samples from patients with suspected poisoning of the Poison Control Center of São Paulo (PCC-SP), Brazil. Finally, the developed method has shown to be relevant for emergency toxicology due to its high sensitivity and it could be also very useful in both fields of clinical and forensic toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre D Zucoloto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Poison Control Center of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tiago F de Oliveira
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peterson BL, Schreiber S, Fumo N, Brooke Lerner E. Opioid Deaths in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin 2013-2017: The Primacy of Heroin and Fentanyl. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:144-148. [PMID: 29684941 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heroin and fentanyl are the overwhelming and increasing cause of opioid deaths in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. We reviewed all drug and opioid deaths from 2013 to 2017 to delineate the specific opioid drugs involved and changes in their incidence. From 2013 to 2017, 980 deaths were due to opioids, rising from 184 in 2013 to 337 in 2017. In 2017, opioid deaths exceeded combined non-natural deaths from homicide and suicide. Illicit heroin and fentanyl/analogs caused 84% of opioid deaths and 80% of drug deaths, with no increase in deaths due to oral prescription drugs such as oxycodone and hydrocodone. Any approach to decreasing this dramatic increase in opioid deaths should first focus on interdicting the supply and cheap availability of these illicit opioids. Fentanyl and its analogs represent the most deadly opioids and the greatest threat to human life in our population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Peterson
- Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office, 933 West Highland Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53233.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedert/Medical College Lab Building FMCLB 239, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226
| | - Sara Schreiber
- Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office, 933 West Highland Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53233
| | - Nicole Fumo
- Comprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226
| | - E Brooke Lerner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedert Hospital, Pavilion 1P, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226
| |
Collapse
|