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van de Meeberg MM, Sundaresan J, Lin M, Jansen G, Struys EA, Fidder HH, Oldenburg B, Mares WGN, Mahmmod N, van Asseldonk DP, Rietdijk ST, Nissen LHC, de Boer NKH, Bouma G, Ćalasan MB, de Jonge R. Methotrexate accumulation in target intestinal mucosa and white blood cells differs from non-target red blood cells of patients with Crohn's disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:308-320. [PMID: 38973551 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PGs) concentrations are measurable in red blood cells (RBCs) during MTX treatment. MTX-PG3 concentrations correlate with efficacy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Since RBCs are not involved in pathogenesis of CD and lack extended MTX metabolism, we determined MTX-PGs accumulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs: effector cells) and intestinal mucosa (target cells) and compared those with RBCs as a potential more precise biomarker. METHODS In a multicentre prospective cohort study, blood samples of patients with CD were collected during the first year of MTX therapy. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from non-inflamed rectum and/or inflamed intestine. MTX-PGs concentrations in mucosa, PBMCs and RBCs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS From 80 patients with CD, a total of 27 mucosal biopsies, 9 PBMC and 212 RBC samples were collected. From 12 weeks of MTX therapy onwards, MTX-PG3 was the most predominant species (33%) in RBCs. In PBMCs, the distribution was skewed towards MTX-PG1 (48%), which accounted for an 18 times higher concentration than in RBCs. Long-chain MTX-PGs were highly present in mucosa: 21% of MTX-PGtotal was MTX-PG5. MTX-PG6 was measurable in all biopsies. CONCLUSIONS MTX-PG patterns differ between mucosa, PBMCs and RBCs of patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje M van de Meeberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janani Sundaresan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry Lin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard A Struys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma H Fidder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wout G N Mares
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Nofel Mahmmod
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk P van Asseldonk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NWZ Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Svend T Rietdijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes H C Nissen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Bouma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Bulatović Ćalasan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Linggi B, Cremer J, Wang Z, Van Viegen T, Vermeire S, Lefevre P, Shackelton LM, Jairath V, Teft W, Vande Casteele N, Verstockt B. Effect of storage time on peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation from blood collected in vacutainer CPT™ tubes. J Immunol Methods 2023; 519:113504. [PMID: 37257687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of novel therapies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) may benefit from immune cell profiling, however implementation of this methodology is limited in the multicenter trial setting by necessity of timely (within 6 to 8 h) isolation and processing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from whole blood samples. Becton Dickinson Vacutainer CPT™ Cell Preparation Tubes (CPT™) limit required processing prior to shipping to a central lab to an initial centrifugation step within 24 h of sample collection. As shipping may delay final processing beyond 24 h, we analyzed cell viability and T cell composition in whole blood stored in CPT™ to determine if their use may accommodate processing delays typical for multicenter clinical trials. METHODS Whole blood samples from 3 patients with UC were collected in CPT™ (15 tubes/patient) and PBMC were processed at various timepoints (24-96 h). Cell viability and T cell composition (26 types) were evaluated by flow cytometry. Variability between technical and biological replicates was evaluated in the context of cell-type abundance, delayed processing time, and data normalization. RESULTS Total cell viability was <50% when processing was delayed to 48 h after collection and was further reduced at later processing timepoints. The effect of delayed processing on cell abundance varied widely across cell types, with CD4+, CD8+, naïve effector CD8+, and Tcm CD4 + T cells displaying the least variability in abundance with delayed processing. Normalization of cell counts to cell types other than total T cells corrected for the effect of delayed processing for several cell types, particularly Th17. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, processing of PBMC in CPT™ should ideally be performed within 48 h. Delayed processing of PBMC in CPT™ may be considered for cell types that are robust to these conditions. Normalization of cell abundance to different parental cell-types may reduce variability in quantitation and should be used in conjunction with the expected effect size to meet the experimental goals of a multicenter clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Linggi
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Zhongya Wang
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Tanja Van Viegen
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pavine Lefevre
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Wendy Teft
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Niels Vande Casteele
- Alimentiv Inc., 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, Canada; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
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Carlson PM, Mohan M, Patel RB, Birstler J, Nettenstrom L, Sheerar D, Fox K, Rodriguez M, Hoefges A, Hernandez R, Zahm C, Kim K, McNeel DG, Weichert J, Morris ZS, Sondel PM. Optimizing Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells in Samples Requiring Cryopreservation from Tumor-Bearing Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:720-734. [PMID: 34261667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most shared resource flow cytometry facilities do not permit analysis of radioactive samples. We are investigating low-dose molecular targeted radionuclide therapy (MTRT) as an immunomodulator in combination with in situ tumor vaccines and need to analyze radioactive samples from MTRT-treated mice using flow cytometry. Further, the sudden shutdown of core facilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented work stoppage. In these and other research settings, a robust and reliable means of cryopreservation of immune samples is required. We evaluated different fixation and cryopreservation protocols of disaggregated tumor cells with the aim of identifying a protocol for subsequent flow cytometry of the thawed sample, which most accurately reflects the flow cytometric analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment of a freshly disaggregated and analyzed sample. Cohorts of C57BL/6 mice bearing B78 melanoma tumors were evaluated using dual lymphoid and myeloid immunophenotyping panels involving fixation and cryopreservation at three distinct points during the workflow. Results demonstrate that freezing samples after all staining and fixation are completed most accurately matches the results from noncryopreserved equivalent samples. We observed that cryopreservation of living, unfixed cells introduces a nonuniform alteration to PD1 expression. We confirm the utility of our cryopreservation protocol by comparing tumors treated with in situ tumor vaccines, analyzing both fresh and cryopreserved tumor samples with similar results. Last, we use this cryopreservation protocol with radioactive specimens to demonstrate potentially beneficial effector cell changes to the tumor immune microenvironment following administration of a novel MTRT in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Carlson
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Bock Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Health Sciences Learning Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Manasi Mohan
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jen Birstler
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Madison, WI
| | - Lauren Nettenstrom
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Dagna Sheerar
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kathryn Fox
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew Rodriguez
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anna Hoefges
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Department of Radiology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Chris Zahm
- Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Madison, WI
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jamey Weichert
- Department of Radiology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Medical Physics, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; and
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; .,Department of Pediatrics, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Additional Stability Testing of Cryopreserved Intestinal Biopsies for Downstream Flow Cytometric Analysis. J Immunol Methods 2018; 474:112517. [PMID: 30201393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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