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Stephen AN, Dennison SR, Holden MA, Reddy SM. Rapid sub-nanomolar protein determination in serum using electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs). Analyst 2023; 148:5476-5485. [PMID: 37767770 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of biologicals is important for a range of applications such as medical screening and diagnostics. Antibodies are typically employed for biosensing with high sensitivity and selectivity but can take months to prepare. Here, we investigate electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs), which are produced in minutes as alternative-antibody rapid biosensors for the selective recognition of model proteins bovine haemoglobin (BHb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). We evaluated two disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPE) designated AT-Au and BT-Au based on their different annealing temperatures. E-MIPs for BHb demonstrated an imprinting factor of 146 : 1 at 1 nM and 12 : 1 at 0.1 nM, showing high effectiveness of E-MIPs compared to their control non-imprinted polymers. The BHb imprinted E-MIP, when tested against BSA as a non-target protein, gave a selectivity factor of 6 : 1 for BHb. Sensor sensitivity directly depended on the nature of the SPE, with AT-Au SPE demonstrating limits of detection in the sub-micromolar range typically achieved for MIPs, while BT-Au SPE exhibited sensitivity in the sub-nanomolar range for target protein. We attribute this to differences in electrode surface area between AT-Au and BT-Au SPEs. The E-MIPs were also tested in calf serum as a model biological medium. The BT-Au SPE MIPs detected the presence of target protein in <10 min with an LOD of 50 pM and LOQ of 100 pM, suggesting their suitability for protein determination in serum with minimal sample preparation. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we determine equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) for E-MIPs using the Hill-Langmuir adsorption model. KD of BHb E-MIP was determined to be 0.86 ± 0.11 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephen
- Department of Chemistry, UCLan Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - S R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - M A Holden
- Department of Chemistry, UCLan Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - S M Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, UCLan Centre for Smart Materials, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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Sakaguchi A, Tanaka Y, Shoji E, Takeshima T, Sakamaki R, Matsuba T, Kurihara Y. Rapid, simple, and effective strategy to produce monoclonal antibodies targeting protein structures using hybridoma technology. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 36997993 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies are essential in life science research and developing antibody drugs and test drugs. Various methods have been developed to obtain monoclonal antibodies, among which hybridoma technology continues to be widely used. However, developing a rapid and efficient method for obtaining conformation-specific antibodies using hybridoma technology remains challenging. We previously developed the membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method, which is a flow cytometry-based screening technique based on the interaction between the B-cell receptor expressed on the hybridoma cell surface and the antigen protein, to obtain conformation-specific antibodies. RESULTS In this study, we proposed a streptavidin-anchored ELISA screening technology (SAST) as a secondary screening method that retains the advantages of the MIHS method. Anti-enhanced green fluorescent protein monoclonal antibodies were generated as a model experiment, and their structural recognition abilities were examined. Examination of the reaction profiles showed that all monoclonal antibodies obtained in this study recognize the conformational epitopes of the protein antigen. Furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies were classified into two groups: those with binding activities against partially denatured proteins and those with complete loss of binding activities. Next, when screening monoclonal antibodies by the MIHS method as the first screening, we found that monoclonal antibodies with stronger binding constants may be selected by double-staining for hybridomas with fluorescently labeled target antigens and fluorescently labeled B cell receptor antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The proposed two-step screening method, which incorporates MIHS and SAST, constitutes a rapid, simple, and effective strategy to obtain conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies generated through hybridoma technology. The novel monoclonal antibody screening strategy reported herein could accelerate the development of antibody drugs and antibody tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
- Biomaterials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tanaka
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiki Shoji
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Teppei Takeshima
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rina Sakamaki
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takao Matsuba
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kurihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
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