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Obaid JMAS, Al-Gashaa FAS. Bacterial Infection versus Viral Infection Preference of ABO Blood Group Phenotype Patients. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:112-117. [PMID: 38030273 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have established an association between the blood group type and susceptibility to infections. This study aimed to evaluate a correlation between the blood group type and the susceptibility to infection. A total of 558 patients were enrolled in this study who attended at the Althawra Hospital, Ibb City, from March to August 2018. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and blood group. We observed a high frequency of infections affecting the digestive system (26.4%), while the least affected system was the urogenital system 5.9%. Patients with A blood group exhibit an increased probability to be infected by viruses than they do for bacteria (odds ratio [OR] = 1.430; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005 to 2.035; P = 0.05 and OR = 0.098; 95% CI = 0.064 to 0.148; P < 0.0001, respectively). It was observed that blood group A individuals were more susceptible to infection with hepatitis B virus than were the other groups (P = 0.041; OR = 1.704, 95% CI = 1.053-2.773). The liklihood of O blood group patients experiencing urogenital infections was less than that of non-O blood group patients one third (OR = 0.353, 95% CI = 0.158-0.789; P = 0.014). This study corroborates previous findings that demonstrated that certain blood groups are more prone to infection by one agent than are patients with other blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadhl Ahmed Saeed Al-Gashaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ibb University, Yemen
- Department of Biology, Al-Farabi University College, Iraq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Baghdad College of Science, Iraq
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Egenolf P, Wahlers C, Grevenstein D, Gathof BS, Eysel P, Oppermann J. Impact of the blood group on postoperative CRP and leukocyte levels after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:585-593. [PMID: 37781822 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP)- and leukocyte levels are common parameters to evaluate the inflammatory response after orthopaedic surgery and rule out infectious complications. Nevertheless, both parameters are vulnerable to disturbing biases and therefore leave room for interpretation. OBJECTIVE Since blood groups are repeatedly discussed to influence inflammatory response, our aim was to observe their impact on CRP and leukocyte levels after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). METHODS Short term postoperative CRP and leukocyte levels of 987 patients, who received either primary TKH (n= 479) or THA (n= 508), were retrospectively correlated with their blood group. ABO, Rhesus and a combination of both blood groups were differentiated. RESULTS CRP levels after TKA were significantly higher in blood type AB than in type A and O on day 2-4 and also than in type A on day 6-8. Leukocyte levels after THA were significantly higher in blood group type O than in type A on day 6-8 while still remaining in an apathological range. We observed no significant differences between Rhesus types and Rhesus types and CRP or leukocyte levels. CONCLUSION We observed significantly increased CRP levels after TKA in patients with blood group AB. Since the elevated CRP levels do not account for early periprosthetic infection, surgeons should include this variation in their postoperative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Egenolf
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Wahlers
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Grevenstein
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit S Gathof
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Oppermann
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Rahman S, Sarkar K, Das AK. Exploring staphylococcal superantigens to design a potential multi-epitope vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus: an in-silico reverse vaccinology approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13098-13112. [PMID: 36729064 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a horrifying bacteria capable of causing millions of deaths yearly across the globe. A major contribution to the success of S. aureus as an ESKAPE pathogen is the abundance of virulence factors that can manipulate the innate and adaptive immune system of the individual. Currently, no vaccine is available to treat S. aureus-mediated infections. In this study, we present in-silico approaches to design a stable, safe and immunogenic vaccine that could help to control the infections associated with the bacteria. Three vital pathogenic secreted toxins of S. aureus, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), Toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), were selected using the reverse vaccinology approach to design the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). Linear B-lymphocyte, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted from these selected proteins. For designing the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV), B-cell epitopes were joined with the KK linker, CTL epitopes were joined with the AAY linker, and HTL epitopes were joined with the GPGPG linker. Finally, to increase the immune response to the vaccine, a human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) adjuvant was added to the N-terminus of the MEV construct. The final MEV was found to be antigenic and non-allergen in nature. In-silico immune simulation and cloning analysis predicted the immune-stimulating potential of the designed MEV construct along with the cloning feasibility in the pET28a(+) vector with the E. coli expression system. This immunoinformatics study provides a platform for designing a suitable, safe and effective vaccine against S. aureus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Kasturi Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Interactions between human milk oligosaccharides, microbiota and immune factors in milk of women with and without mastitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1367. [PMID: 35079053 PMCID: PMC8789856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactational mastitis is an excellent target to study possible interactions between HMOs, immune factors and milk microbiota due to the infectious and inflammatory nature of this condition. In this work, microbiological, immunological and HMO profiles of milk samples from women with (MW) or without (HW) mastitis were compared. Secretor status in women (based on HMO profile) was not associated to mastitis. DFLNH, LNFP II and LSTb concentrations in milk were higher in samples from HW than from MW among Secretor women. Milk from HW was characterized by a low bacterial load (dominated by Staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococci), high prevalence of IL10 and IL13, and low sialylated HMO concentration. In contrast, high levels of staphylococci, streptococci, IFNγ and IL12 characterized milk from MW. A comparison between subacute (SAM) and acute (AM) mastitis cases revealed differences related to the etiological agent (S. epidermidis in SAM; Staphylococcus aureus in AM), milk immunological profile (high content of IL10 and IL13 in SAM and IL2 in AM) and milk HMOs profile (high content of 3FL in SAM and of LNT, LNnT, and LSTc in AM). These results suggest that microbiological, immunological and HMOs profiles of milk are related to mammary health of women.
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Nanocomposites with ornidazole—antibacterial and antiadhesive agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAntimicrobial resistance of many microbial species can cause to thousands of deaths worldwide, in this regard new therapeutic strategies have to be invented. To address the question, we have prepared nanocomposites on the basis of pyrogenic silicon dioxide with ornidazole immobilized on the surface (ornidasil) and studied their antimicrobial properties and the therapeutic potential. It has also been shown, that in comparison with pure ornidazole the addition of ornidazole to nanocomposite composition can enhance the antimicrobial spectrum, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most significant bactericidal effect has been reached after more than 24-h treatment with the nanocomposite. Antiadhesive properties of nanocomposite materials were studied using blood types OO+, AO+, BO+, AB+, the degree of bacterial adhesion was estimated using three indexes: average adhesion index, index of erythrocytes involvement, index of microbial adhesion. The effectiveness of the treatment with the nanocomposites obtained was studied on complicated wounds of various etiologies, in particular the wounds caused by diabetic foot syndrome.
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Bakhtiari S, Yadegari Z, Kaviyani M, Namazi Z, Bakhshi M. Secretor Status of ABO Antigens in Saliva of a Defined Group of Iranian Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:2950856. [PMID: 32802553 PMCID: PMC7414328 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2950856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pemphigus is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease which can cause blisters and mucocutaneous erosions. ABO secretor refers to those who secrete ABO blood group antigens based on their blood type in body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Previous studies showed that nonsecretor people are more prone to certain autoimmune diseases. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the ABO secretor status in the saliva of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 35 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 35 healthy controls. The two groups were matched for age and gender. Pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. ABO blood grouping was done, and 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected to determine secretor status. Secretors were recognized from nonsecretors by the Wiener agglutination inhibition test. Results were extracted by using statistical chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS 16 male and 19 female patients aged 49.43 ± .12.37 years were compared with 16 male and 19 female controls aged 46.43 ± 11.88 years. The most frequent blood group among case and control groups was O (54.3% and 60%, respectively). There was no significant difference in blood groups (P=0.73). 90% of the samples were ABO secretors. The patient group included 31 (88.6%) and the control group included 32 (91.4%) ABO secretors; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=1.000). CONCLUSION In this study, we observed that the people with nonsecretor status in comparison with the people with secretor status are not more susceptible to develop pemphigus vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Bakhtiari
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yadegari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Kaviyani
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Namazi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Bakhshi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pimentel G, Burnand D, Münger LH, Pralong FP, Vionnet N, Portmann R, Vergères G. Identification of Milk and Cheese Intake Biomarkers in Healthy Adults Reveals High Interindividual Variability of Lewis System-Related Oligosaccharides. J Nutr 2020; 150:1058-1067. [PMID: 32133503 PMCID: PMC7198293 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) in blood and urine has shown great promise for assessing dietary intake and complementing traditional dietary assessment tools whose use is prone to misreporting. OBJECTIVE Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics was applied to identify candidate BFIs for assessing the intake of milk and cheese and to explore the metabolic response to the ingestion of these foods. METHODS A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted in healthy adults [5 women, 6 men; age: 23.6 ± 5.0 y; BMI (kg/m2): 22.1 ± 1.7]. After a single isocaloric intake of milk (600 mL), cheese (100 g), or soy-based drink (600 mL), serum and urine samples were collected postprandially up to 6 h and after fasting after 24 h. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using LC-MS. Discriminant metabolites were selected in serum by multivariate statistical analysis, and their mass distribution and postprandial kinetics were compared. RESULTS Serum metabolites discriminant for cheese intake had a significantly lower mass distribution than metabolites characterizing milk intake (P = 4.1 × 10-4). Candidate BFIs for milk or cheese included saccharides, a hydroxy acid, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and dipeptides. Two serum oligosaccharides, blood group H disaccharide (BGH) and Lewis A trisaccharide (LeA), specifically reflected milk intake but with high interindividual variability. The 2 oligosaccharides showed related but opposing trends: subjects showing an increase in either oligosaccharide did not show any increase in the other oligosaccharide. This result was confirmed in urine. CONCLUSIONS New candidate BFIs for milk or cheese could be identified in healthy adults, most of which were related to protein metabolism. The increase in serum of LeA and BGH after cow-milk intake in adults calls for further investigations considering the beneficial health effects on newborns of such oligosaccharides in maternal milk. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02705560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Pimentel
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education, and Research, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Burnand
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education, and Research, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda H Münger
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education, and Research, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - François P Pralong
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Portmann
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education, and Research, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education, and Research, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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Flannery A, Le Berre M, Pier GB, O’Gara JP, Kilcoyne M. Glycomics Microarrays Reveal Differential In Situ Presentation of the Biofilm Polysaccharide Poly- N-acetylglucosamine on Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus Cell Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072465. [PMID: 32252300 PMCID: PMC7177611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biofilm component poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is an important virulence determinant in medical-device-related infections caused by ESKAPE group pathogens including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii. PNAG presentation on bacterial cell surfaces and its accessibility for host interactions are not fully understood. We employed a lectin microarray to examine PNAG surface presentation and interactions on methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and a clinical A. baumannii isolate. Purified PNAG bound to wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) and succinylated WGA (sWGA) lectins only. PNAG was the main accessible surface component on MSSA but was relatively inaccessible on the A. baumannii surface, where it modulated the presentation of other surface molecules. Carbohydrate microarrays demonstrated similar specificities of S. aureus and A. baumannii for their most intensely binding carbohydrates, including 3' and 6'sialyllactose, but differences in moderately binding ligands, including blood groups A and B. An N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin function which binds to PNAG identified on the A. baumannii cell surface may contribute to biofilm structure and PNAG surface presentation on A. baumannii. Overall, these data indicated differences in PNAG presentation and accessibility for interactions on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell surfaces which may play an important role in biofilm-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Flannery
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Marie Le Berre
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Gerald B. Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - James P. O’Gara
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Discipline of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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Nurjadi D, Last K, Klein S, Boutin S, Schmack B, Mueller F, Heeg K, Ruhparwar A, Heininger A, Zanger P. Nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for ventricular assist device infection in the first year after implantation: A prospective, single-centre, cohort study. J Infect 2020; 80:511-518. [PMID: 32112885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess, whether S. aureus nasal colonization is a risk factor for infections in patients with durable ventricular assist device (VAD). METHODS Prospective, single-centre, cohort study (i) ascertaining S. aureus nasal colonization status of patients admitted for VAD-implantation and detecting time to first episode of VAD-specific or -related infection according to International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria during follow-up and (ii) comparing whole genomes of S. aureus from baseline colonization and later infection. RESULTS Among 49 patients (17 colonized, 32 non-colonized), S. aureus VAD-infections occurred with long latency after implantation (inter quartile range 76-217 days), but occurred earlier (log-rank test P = 0.006) and were more common (9/17, 52.9% vs. 4/32, 12.5%, P = 0.005; incidence rates 2.81 vs. 0.61/1000 patient days; incidence rate ratio 4.65, 95% confidence interval 1.30-20.65, P = 0.009) among those nasally colonized with S. aureus before implantation. We found a similar but less pronounced effect of colonization status when analysing its effect on all types of VAD-infections (10/17, 58.8% vs. 7/32, 21.9%, P = 0.01). These findings remained robust when adjusting for potential confounders and restricting the analysis to 'proven infections'. 75% (6/8) of paired S. aureus samples from colonization and VAD-infection showed concordant whole genomes. CONCLUSIONS In patients with durable VAD, S. aureus nasal colonization is a source of endogenous infection, often occurring months after device-implantation and affecting mostly the driveline. Hygiene measures interrupting the endogenous route of transmission in VAD-patients colonized with S. aureus long-term may about half the burden of infections and require clinical scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Last
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Schmack
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Mueller
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Essen University Hospital, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heininger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Unit of Hospital Hygiene, Mannheim University Hospital, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim
| | - Philipp Zanger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Hobbs MR, Grant CC, Thomas MG, Berry S, Morton SMB, Marks E, Ritchie SR. Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and its relationship with skin and soft tissue infection in New Zealand children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:2001-2010. [PMID: 30066280 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand children suffer from high rates of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Staphylococcus aureus colonisation is known to increase the risk of nosocomial infection. We aimed to determine whether S. aureus colonisation also increased the risk of community-onset SSTI. This study, performed within the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort, used interview and administrative data, and bacterial culture results from the nose, throat, and skin swabs collected at 4½ years of age. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to derive adjusted risk ratios. S. aureus was isolated from 2225/5126 (43.4%) children. SSTI affected 1509/5126 (29.4%) children before age five. S. aureus colonisation at any site was associated with SSTI (aRR = 1.09, 95%CI 1.01-1.19), particularly in the year prior to swab collection (aRR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.02-1.37). The strongest association was between skin colonisation and SSTI within the year prior to swab collection (aRR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.14-1.84). Socioeconomic and ethnic variables remained independent determinants of SSTI. S. aureus colonisation was associated with an increased risk of community-onset SSTI. Socioeconomic and ethnic factors and eczema had independent effects on SSTI risk. Interventions which reduce the prevalence of S. aureus colonisation may be expected to reduce the incidence of community-onset SSTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hobbs
- Growing Up in New Zealand, The Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,Infectious Diseases Department, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Growing Up in New Zealand, The Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,General Paediatrics, Auckland District Health Board, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark G Thomas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Berry
- Growing Up in New Zealand, The Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Growing Up in New Zealand, The Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Emma Marks
- Growing Up in New Zealand, The Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen R Ritchie
- Infectious Diseases Department, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Human Volunteers Visiting a Swine Farm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01489-17. [PMID: 28970219 PMCID: PMC5691421 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01489-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from animals to humans is of great concern due to the implications for human health and the health care system. The objective was to investigate the frequency and duration of MRSA carriage in human volunteers after a short-term exposure in a swine farm. The experimental study included 34 human volunteers staying 1 h in a MRSA-positive swine farm in four trials. In two of the trials, the influence of farm work involving pig contact was studied using a crossover design. The quantities of MRSA in nasal swabs, throat swabs, and air samples were measured at different time points and analyzed in relation to relevant covariates. This investigation showed that, overall, 94% of the volunteers acquired MRSA during the farm visit. Two hours after the volunteers left the stable, the nasal MRSA count had declined to unquantifiable levels in 95% of the samples. After 48 h, 94% of the volunteers were MRSA-negative. Nasal MRSA carriage was positively correlated to personal exposure to airborne MRSA and farm work involving pig contact and negatively correlated to smoking. No association was observed between MRSA carriage and face touching behavior, nasal methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriage, age, or gender. The increase in human MRSA carriage among the volunteers with pig contact seems to be dependent on the increased concentration of airborne MRSA of the surrounding air and not directly on physical contact with pigs. MRSA was not detected in any of the throat samples. IMPORTANCE The experimental approach made it possible to elucidate the contributions of airborne MRSA levels and farm work to nasal MRSA carriage in a swine farm. Short-term exposure to airborne MRSA poses a substantial risk for farm visitors to become nasal carriers, but the carriage is typically cleared within hours to a few days. The risk for short-term visitors to cause secondary transmissions of MRSA is most likely negligible due to the observed decline to unquantifiable levels in 95% of the nasal samples after only 2 h. The MRSA load in the nose was highly correlated to the amount of MRSA in the air and interventions to reduce the level of airborne MRSA or the use of face masks might consequently reduce nasal contamination.
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Lindgren AK, Nilsson AC, Åkesson P, Gustafsson E, Melander E. Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) throat carriage: a randomised trial comparing topical treatment with rifampicin-based systemic therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:642-645. [PMID: 28843819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation may prevent transmission of strains between patients and reduces the risk of clinical infection. Colonisation of the throat is associated with prolonged carriage and is more difficult to eradicate. An open randomised study was conducted to evaluate two eradication protocols. Patients with pharyngeal carriage of MRSA were enrolled at six Swedish centres during 4 years. One treatment group received oral rifampicin and either clindamycin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) for 7 days in combination with nasal mupirocin. Patients in the other group were treated with nasal mupirocin only. Patients in the same household were randomised together. Both groups followed a hygiene protocol including chlorhexidine washing. Cultures from the nares, perineum and throat were taken at baseline and then at 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after the end of treatment. A total of 28 patients received rifampicin-based systemic antibiotics and 24 subjects received mupirocin only. At follow-up 6 months after the end of treatment, 61% of patients and 50% of households in the systemic antibiotics group had culture results negative for MRSA. Significantly less patients (12%) and households (10%) became decolonised in the group receiving topical treatment only. A combination of rifampicin and either clindamycin or SXT was more effective in eliminating pharyngeal MRSA carriage compared with topical treatment with mupirocin only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Lindgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden; Infectious Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Anna C Nilsson
- Infectious Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Åkesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Gustafsson
- Regional Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Skåne County, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Melander
- Infectious Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Regional Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Skåne County, Malmö, Sweden.
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13
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Broad-Range Detection of Microorganisms Directly from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens by PCR/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170033. [PMID: 28085931 PMCID: PMC5235381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical demand on rapid microbiological diagnostic is constantly increasing. PCR coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, PCR/ESI-MS, offers detection and identification of over 750 bacteria and Candida species directly from clinical specimens within 6 hours. In this study, we investigated the clinical performance of the IRIDICA BAC LRT Assay for detection of bacterial pathogens in 121 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples that were received consecutively at our bacterial laboratory for BAL culture. Commensal or pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 118/121 (98%) BAL samples by PCR/ESI-MS, while in 104/121 (86%) samples by routine culture (P<0.01). Detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms by PCR/ESI-MS was evaluated in comparison with conventional culture-based or molecular methods. The agreement between positive findings was overall good. Most Staphylococcus aureus-positive PCR/ESI-MS results were confirmed by culture or species-specific PCR (27/33, 82%). The identity of Streptococcus pneumoniae could however be confirmed for only 6/17 (35%) PCR/ESI-MS-positive samples. Non-cultivable and fastidious pathogens, which were not covered by standard culture procedures were readily detected by PCR/ESI-MS, including Legionella pneumophila, Bordetella pertussis, Norcadia species and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In conclusion, PCR/ESI-MS detected a broad range of potential pathogens with equal or superior sensitivity compared to conventional methods within few hours directly from BAL samples. This novel method might thus provide a relevant tool for diagnostics in critically ill patients.
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14
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The turnover of strains in intermittent and persistent nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect 2015; 72:295-301. [PMID: 26724770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in healthy adults. METHOD Selected S. aureus strains isolated from weekly nasal swabs obtained from 122 healthy young adults over a 13 week period were spa typed. RESULTS The median duration of intermittent carriage was 4 weeks (IQR 2-6) and the median interval between episodes of carriage of different spa types was 3.5 weeks (IQR 2.25-4). 6/19 (32%) Persistent carriers were colonised with more than one spa type during the study, and in two persistent carriers a brief period of mixed colonisation with two spa types was observed. Even when the carriage strain changed, it was very rare for persistent carriers to have a period during which they were culture-negative (only 6/188 (3%) swabs submitted by persistent carriers failed to culture S. aureus). CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that at least every eight weeks a healthy young adult is exposed to S. aureus sufficient to cause a new episode of carriage among intermittent carriers. Persistent carriers are almost always colonised with S. aureus and over the course of a year there will be at least one replacement of the dominant strain.
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15
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Aubin GG, Lavigne JP, Guyomarch B, Dina C, Gouin F, Lepelletier D, Corvec S. Staphylokinase and ABO group phenotype: new players in Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated infections development. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1929-38. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify bacterial and/or clinical features involved in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated infections (IAI). Materials & methods: In total, 57 IAI S. aureus and 31 nasal carriage (NC) S. aureus isolates were studied. Staphylococcus aureus genetic background was obtained by microarray analysis. Multilocus sequence typing was performed to determine clonal complexes (CC). Biofilm production was investigated by resazurin and crystal violet methods. Results: Staphylokinase gene was associated with the occurrence of S. aureus IAI. Patients’ ABO blood group phenotype was associated with IAI S. aureus genetic background. CC8 S. aureus strains produce more biofilm than others and carry particular alleles of bbp gene. Conclusion: This study identifies some predictive markers for S. aureus IAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ghislain Aubin
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections – Nantes Medicine school, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes University Hospital, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Béatrice Guyomarch
- INSERM/Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Christian Dina
- INSERM/Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - François Gouin
- Clinique chirurgicale orthopédique et traumatique, Nantes University Hospital, France
| | - Didier Lepelletier
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections – Nantes Medicine school, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes University Hospital, France
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826, Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections – Nantes Medicine school, France
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière, Nantes University Hospital, France
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16
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Mack TM, Norman JE, Rappaport E, Cozen W. Childhood determination of Hodgkin lymphoma among U.S. servicemen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1707-15. [PMID: 26324069 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin lymphoma in young adults is inexplicably linked to economic development. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of the 656 servicemen with Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed between ages 17 to 32 while on active duty in the U.S. military during 1950-68. Controls, chosen randomly from the servicemen on duty at the time, were matched on service, birth year, and induction date. Information came from preinduction records and military records for the period ending at onset or the equivalent date. RESULTS Risk was independently increased with small sib-ship size [OR, 2.3; confidence interval (CI), 1.6-3.5], low birth order (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.4-2.6), and an interval of at least 5 years between birth and that of a previous or subsequent sibling (OR, 2.1; CI, 1.5-3.1). Other factors independently and significantly associated with elevated risk of Hodgkin lymphoma were: tallness, high body mass index, more education (but not higher income) in the county of birth, BB or AB blood type, and past infectious mononucleosis (but a deficit of other childhood viral infections). Early fatherhood conveyed high risk (OR, 2.6; CI, 1.4-4.8), especially if with a high-risk sibling configuration. Factors unrelated to risk included personal education, preinduction or military occupation, induction test score, and rank. Findings were similar for nodular sclerosis and mixed cell histologic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Protection from the environment in childhood, but not in adulthood, increases the likelihood of young adult Hodgkin lymphoma, which may result from nonspecific isolation from early infections and/or exposure to late infection by a specific but unidentified ubiquitous childhood virus. IMPACT Events in childhood protect against later Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - James E Norman
- Medical Follow-up Agency (Retired), National Research Council, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Rappaport
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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17
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Shahidi-Dadras M, Golfeshan A. Evaluation of Lewis blood group antigens and secretor status in pemphigus vulgaris. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015. [PMID: 26213187 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has not been publication of any previous study about the role of secretory status or Lewis phenotypes in the mechanisms of pemphigus vulgaris (PV). AIM To evaluate the frequencies of secretory status and Lewis phenotypes in patients with PV compared with healthy controls (HCs) in order determine their roles in this autoimmune disease. METHODS In total, 50 patients and 100 age- and sex-matched HCs were selected to form the study population, and 2 mL blood were collected from each subject to identify their Lewis phenotype. In subjects with the Le(a-b-) phenotype, saliva was also collected to determine secretor status. RESULTS The frequency of the nonsecretor (NS) phenotypes Le(a+b-) and Le(a-b-) together was significantly higher in patients than in HCs: 34/50 (68%)vs. 26/100 (26%), respectively (P < 0.001). All the patients and HC subjects with the Le (a-b-) phenotype were found to be NS by haemagglutination inhibition assay of saliva samples. CONCLUSION Based on our results, it seems that Le/b-negative NS individuals are more susceptible to PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahidi-Dadras
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Golfeshan
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Abstract
Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooling
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Weiss FU, Schurmann C, Guenther A, Ernst F, Teumer A, Mayerle J, Simon P, Völzke H, Radke D, Greinacher A, Kuehn JP, Zenker M, Völker U, Homuth G, Lerch MM. Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) non-secretor status and blood group B are associated with elevated serum lipase activity in asymptomatic subjects, and an increased risk for chronic pancreatitis: a genetic association study. Gut 2015; 64:646-56. [PMID: 25028398 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum lipase activities above the threefold upper reference limit indicate acute pancreatitis. We investigated whether high lipase activity-within the reference range and in the absence of pancreatitis-are associated with genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and whether these identified SNPs are also associated with clinical pancreatitis. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on phenotypes 'serum lipase activity' and 'high serum lipase activity' were conducted including 3966 German volunteers from the population-based Study-of-Health-in-Pomerania (SHIP). Lead SNPs associated on a genome-wide significance level were replicated in two cohorts, 1444 blood donors and 1042 pancreatitis patients. RESULTS Initial discovery GWAS detected SNPs within or near genes encoding the ABO blood group specifying transferases A/B (ABO), Fucosyltransferase-2 (FUT2), and Chymotrypsinogen-B2 (CTRB2), to be significantly associated with lipase activity levels in asymptomatic subjects. Replication analyses in blood donors confirmed the association of FUT-2 non-secretor status (OR=1.49; p=0.012) and ABO blood-type-B (OR=2.48; p=7.29×10(-8)) with high lipase activity levels. In pancreatitis patients, significant associations were found for FUT-2 non-secretor status (OR=1.53; p=8.56×10(-4)) and ABO-B (OR=1.69, p=1.0×10(-4)) with chronic pancreatitis, but not with acute pancreatitis. Conversely, carriers of blood group O were less frequently affected by chronic pancreatitis (OR=0.62; p=1.22×10(-05)) and less likely to have high lipase activity levels (OR=0.59; p=8.14×10(-05)). CONCLUSIONS These are the first results indicating that ABO blood type-B as well as FUT2 non-secretor status are common population-wide risk factors for developing chronic pancreatitis. They also imply that, even within the reference range, elevated lipase activities may indicate subclinical pancreatic injury in asymptomatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Genetics of Obesity & Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Annett Guenther
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Ernst
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Radke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kuehn
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, University Hospital Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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Ansari SA, Khan A, Khan TA, Raza Y, Syed SA, Akhtar SS, Kazmi SU. Correlation of ABH blood group antigens secretion with Helicobacter pylori infection in Pakistani patients. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:115-9. [PMID: 25322664 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A and B blood group antigens are fucosylated carbohydrate present on human erythrocytes and body secretions. Their presence in body secretions depends on the expression of a dominant allele of secretor gene FUT2 and is correlated with susceptibility to various infectious and non-infectious diseases. We investigated the correlation of blood group and ABH antigen secretion with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal symptoms and analysed the distribution of babA gene among ABH secretors and non-secretors. METHODS Two hundred and ninety patients who underwent gastroduodenal endoscopy during 2011 to 2012 participated. Gastric biopsy, saliva and blood samples were obtained from every patient. Gastric biopsies were subjected to rapid urease test and PCR for the detection of H. pylori and babA gene. Blood grouping and ABH antigens secretions were determined by Lewis blood group phenotyping and haemagglutination inhibition test. RESULTS 50.34% of patients were ABH antigen secretors and 45.51% non-secretors. Distribution analysis of blood group revealed that 40 blood group B, 67 blood group A 20 blood group O and 19 blood group AB patients secreted ABH antigens in saliva. Fifty-six blood group O, 19 blood group B, 32 blood group A and 17 blood group AB patients were non-secretors. Gastroduodenal complaints were common among non-secretors. Sixty-two percent of patients with a combination of duodenal ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux and 54% of patients with gastritis were non-secretors. Of 290 samples, 31.02% were positive for H. pylori. Thirty percent of these tested positive for babA gene; the majority belonged to non-secretor blood group O. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the infection of H. pylori is correlated with ABO blood groups and blood group antigens secretion in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Akbar Ansari
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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21
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A nasal epithelial receptor for Staphylococcus aureus WTA governs adhesion to epithelial cells and modulates nasal colonization. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004089. [PMID: 24788600 PMCID: PMC4006915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal colonization is a major risk factor for S. aureus infections. The mechanisms responsible for colonization are still not well understood and involve several factors on the host and the bacterial side. One key factor is the cell wall teichoic acid (WTA) of S. aureus, which governs direct interactions with nasal epithelial surfaces. We report here the first receptor for the cell wall glycopolymer WTA on nasal epithelial cells. In several assay systems this type F-scavenger receptor, termed SREC-I, bound WTA in a charge dependent manner and mediated adhesion to nasal epithelial cells in vitro. The impact of WTA and SREC-I interaction on epithelial adhesion was especially pronounced under shear stress, which resembles the conditions found in the nasal cavity. Most importantly, we demonstrate here a key role of the WTA-receptor interaction in a cotton rat model of nasal colonization. When we inhibited WTA mediated adhesion with a SREC-I antibody, nasal colonization in the animal model was strongly reduced at the early onset of colonization. More importantly, colonization stayed low over an extended period of 6 days. Therefore we propose targeting of this glycopolymer-receptor interaction as a novel strategy to prevent or control S. aureus nasal colonization. About 20% of the human population is colonized by Staphylococcus aureus. The reservoir of S. aureus is mainly the human nose. Usually, colonization does not lead to infection and is therefore without symptoms. However, when hospitalized patients exhibit a suppressed immune system, they are at risk of getting infected by their own nasal S. aureus strain. Therefore, it is important to understand the events and mechanisms underlying colonization. Until now S. aureus nasal colonization is only partially understood. One bacterial key factor is a sugar polymer of S. aureus, termed cell wall teichoic acid (WTA), which is involved in S. aureus adhesion to cellular surfaces in the inner part of the nasal cavity. We show here that a receptor-protein, which is expressed on such cells, binds WTA and is thereby involved in adhesion of S. aureus to nasal cells. This mechanism has a strong impact on nasal colonization in an animal model that resembles the situation in the human nose. Most importantly, inhibition of WTA mediated adhesion strongly reduces nasal colonization in the animal model. Therefore we propose that targeting of this glycopolymer-receptor interaction could serve as a novel strategy to control S. aureus nasal colonization.
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22
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Wacklin P, Tuimala J, Nikkilä J, Sebastian Tims, Mäkivuokko H, Alakulppi N, Laine P, Rajilic-Stojanovic M, Paulin L, de Vos WM, Mättö J. Faecal microbiota composition in adults is associated with the FUT2 gene determining the secretor status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94863. [PMID: 24733310 PMCID: PMC3986271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is colonised with highly diverse and individually defined microbiota, which likely has an impact on the host well-being. Drivers of the individual variation in the microbiota compositions are multifactorial and include environmental, host and dietary factors. We studied the impact of the host secretor status, encoded by fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) -gene, on the intestinal microbiota composition. Secretor status determines the expression of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens in the intestinal mucosa. The study population was comprised of 14 non-secretor (FUT2 rs601338 genotype AA) and 57 secretor (genotypes GG and AG) adult individuals of western European descent. Intestinal microbiota was analyzed by PCR-DGGE and for a subset of 12 non-secretor subjects and 12 secretor subjects additionally by the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and the HITChip phylogenetic microarray analysis. All three methods showed distinct clustering of the intestinal microbiota and significant differences in abundances of several taxa representing dominant microbiota between the non-secretors and the secretors as well as between the FUT2 genotypes. In addition, the non-secretors had lower species richness than the secretors. The soft clustering of microbiota into enterotypes (ET) 1 and 3 showed that the non-secretors had a higher probability of belonging to ET1 and the secretors to ET3. Our study shows that secretor status and FUT2 polymorphism are associated with the composition of human intestinal microbiota, and appears thus to be one of the key drivers affecting the individual variation of human intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastian Tims
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pia Laine
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaana Mättö
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Votintseva AA, Miller RR, Fung R, Knox K, Godwin H, Peto TEA, Crook DW, Bowden R, Walker AS. Multiple-strain colonization in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:1192-200. [PMID: 24501033 PMCID: PMC3993518 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03254-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal that can also cause invasive infection. Reports suggest that nasal cocolonization occurs rarely, but the resources required to sequence multiple colonies have precluded its large-scale investigation. A staged protocol was developed to maximize detection of mixed-spa-type colonization while minimizing laboratory resources using 3,197 S. aureus-positive samples from a longitudinal study of healthy individuals in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Initial typing of pooled material from each sample identified a single unambiguous strain in 89.6% of samples. Twelve single-colony isolates were typed from samples producing ambiguous initial results. All samples could be resolved into one or more spa types using the protocol. Cocolonization point prevalence was 3.4 to 5.8% over 24 months of follow-up in 360 recruitment-positives. However, 18% were cocolonized at least once, most only transiently. Cocolonizing spa types were completely unrelated in 56% of samples. Of 272 recruitment-positives returning ≥12 swabs, 166 (61%) carried S. aureus continuously but only 106 (39%) carried the same single spa type without any cocolonization; 31 (11%) switched spa type and 29 (11%) had transient cocarriage. S. aureus colonization is dynamic even in long-term carriers. New unrelated cocolonizing strains could increase invasive disease risk, and ongoing within-host evolution could increase invasive potential, possibilities that future studies should explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Votintseva
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. R. Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Fung
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K. Knox
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - H. Godwin
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T. E. A. Peto
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D. W. Crook
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R. Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A. S. Walker
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Miller RR, Walker AS, Godwin H, Fung R, Votintseva A, Bowden R, Mant D, Peto TEA, Crook DW, Knox K. Dynamics of acquisition and loss of carriage of Staphylococcus aureus strains in the community: the effect of clonal complex. J Infect 2014; 68:426-39. [PMID: 24393651 PMCID: PMC4003537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage increases infection risk. However, few studies have investigated S. aureus acquisition/loss over >1 year, and fewer still used molecular typing. Methods 1123 adults attending five Oxfordshire general practices had nasal swabs taken. 571 were re-swabbed after one month then every two months for median two years. All S. aureus isolates were spa-typed. Risk factors were collected from interviews and medical records. Results 32% carried S. aureus at recruitment (<1% MRSA). Rates of spa-type acquisition were similar in participants S. aureus positive (1.4%/month) and negative (1.8%/month, P = 0.13) at recruitment. Rates were faster in those carrying clonal complex (CC)15 (adjusted (a)P = 0.03) or CC8 (including USA300) (aP = 0.001) at recruitment versus other CCs. 157/274 (57%) participants S. aureus positive at recruitment returning ≥12 swabs carried S. aureus consistently, of whom 135 carried the same spa-type. CC22 (including EMRSA-15) was more prevalent in long-term than intermittent spa-type carriers (aP = 0.03). Antibiotics transiently reduced carriage, but no other modifiable risk factors were found. Conclusions Both transient and longer-term carriage exist; however, the approximately constant rates of S. aureus gain and loss suggest that ‘never’ or truly ‘persistent’ carriage are rare. Long-term carriage varies by strain, offering new explanations for the success of certain S. aureus clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; UBC School of Population and Public Health, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada.
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Godwin
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rowena Fung
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Antonina Votintseva
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Bowden
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - David Mant
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ET, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E A Peto
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Knox
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ET, United Kingdom
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Sollid J, Furberg A, Hanssen A, Johannessen M. Staphylococcus aureus: Determinants of human carriage. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 21:531-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Tannic acid inhibits Staphylococcus aureus surface colonization in an IsaA-dependent manner. Infect Immun 2012. [PMID: 23208606 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00877-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and pathogen that is capable of forming biofilms on a variety of host tissues and implanted medical devices. Biofilm-associated infections resist antimicrobial chemotherapy and attack from the host immune system, making these infections particularly difficult to treat. In order to gain insight into environmental conditions that influence S. aureus biofilm development, we screened a library of small molecules for the ability to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. This led to the finding that the polyphenolic compound tannic acid inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation in multiple biofilm models without inhibiting bacterial growth. We present evidence that tannic acid inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation via a mechanism dependent upon the putative transglycosylase IsaA. Tannic acid did not inhibit biofilm formation of an isaA mutant. Overexpression of wild-type IsaA inhibited biofilm formation, whereas overexpression of a catalytically dead IsaA had no effect. Tannin-containing drinks like tea have been found to reduce methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal colonization. We found that black tea inhibited S. aureus biofilm development and that an isaA mutant resisted this inhibition. Antibiofilm activity was eliminated from tea when milk was added to precipitate the tannic acid. Finally, we developed a rodent model for S. aureus throat colonization and found that tea consumption reduced S. aureus throat colonization via an isaA-dependent mechanism. These findings provide insight into a molecular mechanism by which commonly consumed polyphenolic compounds, such as tannins, influence S. aureus surface colonization.
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