1
|
Tosato Boldrini NA, Bondi Volpini LP, Freitas LB, Spano LC, Musso C, Silva Santos MCLF, Barroso Dos Reis HL, Miranda AE. Sexually transmitted infections among women living with HIV in a Brazilian city. Braz J Infect Dis 2021; 25:101044. [PMID: 33417851 PMCID: PMC9392134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical improvements following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may increase high-risk behaviors resulting in sexually transmitted infections (STI). Optimism related to the success of HAART in slowing disease progression, reducing viral load, and improving health status might be important factors for increasing sexual risk behaviors such as less use of condoms. Objective To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, high-risk HPV, and cervical cytological abnormalities among women living with HIV (WLHIV) who attended a Reference Center for STI/AIDS in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 WLHIV attending an STI Clinic in Vitória city, Brazil. A structured questionnaire, including demographic, behavioral, and clinical information, was used for data collection. Serological tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C and B, CD4 counts, and viral load determination were performed. Cervical samples were collected for cytology and real-time PCR for HPV,Chlamydia, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Results In this study, 59% of women had at least one diagnosed STI at the time of the first clinic visit; 31% had clinical forms of anogenital HPV, 10% syphilis, 8%Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 5.0% trichomoniasis, 3% Chlamydia trachomatis, 1% hepatitis B, and 1% hepatitis C; 6.7% of the women presented with cervical cytological abnormalities. Furthermore, 46.3% of women had HR-HPV, and 17.6% had HPV 16/18. Only 5% of the women had a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3, 61.6% had undetectable HIV viral load, and 81.3% were currently on HAART. Conclusion A high prevalence of STI and HR-HPV infections were observed among HIV-infected women in this investigation. Prevention programs need to focus on counseling WLHIV and their regular partners with focused interventions such as couples counseling and education programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neide Aparecida Tosato Boldrini
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Center of Health Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Lays Paula Bondi Volpini
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Post-Graduation Program on Infectious Diseases, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bueno Freitas
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Post-Graduation Program on Infectious Diseases, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Liliana Cruz Spano
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Post-Graduation Program on Infectious Diseases, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Carlos Musso
- University Hospital Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Pathology, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angelica Espinosa Miranda
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Post-Graduation Program on Infectious Diseases, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jongen VW, van Santen DK, Alberts CJ, Schim van der Loeff MF. Estimating incidence rates of grouped HPV types: A systematic review and comparison of the impact of different epidemiological assumptions. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 8:100187. [PMID: 31600572 PMCID: PMC6804437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) provide not only type-specific incidence rates (IR), but also IRs of HPV groupings (e.g. the nonavalent grouping). We made an inventory of the different approaches used to calculate such IRs and assessed their impact on the estimated IRs of HPV groupings. METHODS We performed a systematic review assessing all approaches used in literature to estimate IRs. Subsequently we applied these approaches to data of a Dutch cohort study on HPV in men who have sex with men (H2M). IRs were estimated for six different HPV groupings. RESULTS The systematic review yielded six different approaches (A-F) for estimating the IRs, varying in exclusion criteria at baseline, and the definitions of an incident event and person-time. Applying these approaches to the H2M dataset (n = 749), we found differences in the number of participants at risk, number of incidents events, person-time, and IR. For example, for the nonavalent grouping, depending on the approach chosen, the IR varied between 3.09 and 6.54 per 100 person-months. CONCLUSION In published studies different epidemiological assumptions are used to estimate IRs of grouped HPV types, leading to widely differing estimates of IRs. IRs between different studies may therefore not be comparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vita W Jongen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëla K van Santen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina J Alberts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wallace NA. Catching HPV in the Homologous Recombination Cookie Jar. Trends Microbiol 2019; 28:191-201. [PMID: 31744663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To replicate, the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) that cause anogenital and oropharyngeal malignancies must simultaneously activate DNA repair pathways and avoid the cell cycle arrest that normally accompanies DNA repair. For years it seemed that HPV oncogenes activated the homologous recombination pathway to facilitate the HPV lifecycle. However, recent developments show that, although homologous recombination gene expression and markers of pathway activation are increased, homologous recombination itself is attenuated. This review provides an overview of the diverse ways that HPV oncogenes manipulate homologous recombination and ideas on how the resulting dysregulation and inhibition offer opportunities for improved therapies and biomarkers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pereira Viana MR, Martins Alves Melo I, Pupin B, Raniero LJ, de Azevedo Canevari R. Molecular detection of HPV and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis in women with normal cervical cytology. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101592. [PMID: 31706048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the incidence of Cervical Cancer in the female population worldwide has been an issue that deserves further attention from the scientific community. Several studies have already proven the relationship of its development with the molecular mechanisms that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) induces in cervical cells. The gene amplification provided by molecular biology techniques has been used as the gold standard diagnostic method of this virus because of its high specificity and sensitivity.However, the high investments associated with the acquisition of reagents, equipment and labor demonstrate the need for the development of more accessible techniques that present the same accuracy. FT-IR spectroscopy has been studied as an inexpensive and easily accessible technology that can provide the differentiation of malignant and benign cells. This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness and sensitivity of molecular analysis by PCR in relation to cytological analysis and to evaluate the sensitivity of FT-IR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of HPV for cervical cancer prevention. METHODS Cervical fluid samples obtained from 50 patients with absence of cellular lesion by cytological analysis were analyzed by molecular and spectroscopic analyzes. Oncotic colpocitology analysis was performed by the Papanicolaou staining, amplification of the L1 viral gene by PCR was performed using primers MY09 and MY11 and biochemical analysis of the fluids by FT-IR was performed using the Spectrum 400 system equipped with a microscope. RESULTS Of the 50 patients without evident morphological alteration of the cells, seven were diagnosed by molecular analysis as positive for presence of HPV. Principal component analysis of spectroscopy was not able to separate the negative samples from the HPV positive samples and, therefore, did not present as an effective diagnostic technique. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the efficacy, sensitivity and specificity of molecular biology by PCR in the identification of the virus and we emphasize that more studies should be used for the application of FT-IR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of this infection and its application in the prevention of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Rogéria Pereira Viana
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Martins Alves Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno Pupin
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro José Raniero
- Laboratório de Nanosensores, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida ShishimaHifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Azevedo Canevari
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sudenga SL, Torres BN, Botha MH, Zeier M, Abrahamsen ME, Glashoff RH, Engelbrecht S, Schim Van der Loeff MF, Van der Laan LE, Kipping S, Taylor D, Giuliano AR. HPV SEROSTATUS PRE- AND POST-VACCINATION IN A RANDOMIZED PHASE II PREPAREDNESS TRIAL AMONG YOUNG WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN: THE EVRI TRIAL. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2017; 3:50-56. [PMID: 28480334 PMCID: PMC5417542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background HPV antibodies are a marker of past exposure to the virus. Our objective was to assess HPV serostatus pre- and post-vaccination among HIV-negative women. Methods Women aged 16–24 years old were randomized in a placebo controlled trial utilizing the 4-valent HPV (4vHPV) vaccine (NCT01489527, clinicaltrials.gov). Participants (n=389) received the 4vHPV vaccine or placebo following a three dose schedule. Sera were collected at Day 1 and Month 7 for assessment of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 neutralizing antibody levels using a multiplex competitive Luminex immunoassay (Merck) based on detecting the L1 capsid antigen for each HPV type. Results Seroprevalence was 73% for HPV6, 47% for HPV11, 33% for HPV16, and 44% for HPV18. Seroprevalence for any HPV type did not significantly differ by age or lifetime number of partners. The majority of participants (64%) had two or more 4vHPV antibodies present at enrollment and 12% had antibodies to all four. Among women in the vaccine arm, those that were seropositive for HPV16 at enrollment had higher titers at month 7 compared to women that were seronegative for HPV16 at enrollment; this trend holds for the other HPV types as well. Seroconversion among baseline seronegative participants in the placebo group ranged from 5% for HPV16 to 23% for HPV6. Conclusion HPV seroprevalence was high in this population, emphasizing the need to vaccinate prior to sexual debut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Sudenga
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - B Nelson Torres
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthys H Botha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Unit for Gynaecological Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Zeier
- Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha E Abrahamsen
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard H Glashoff
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan Engelbrecht
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University and NHLS Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Louvina E Van der Laan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Unit for Gynaecological Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Siegfried Kipping
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Unit for Gynaecological Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|