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Berjaoui C, Kachouh C, Joumaa S, Hussein Ghayyad M, Abate Bekele B, Ajirenike R, Al Maaz Z, Awde S, Wojtara M, Nazir A, Uwishema O. Neuroinflammation-on-a-chip for multiple sclerosis research: a narrative review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4053-4059. [PMID: 38989179 PMCID: PMC11230822 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that impacts the central nervous system. It is distinguished by processes like demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal harm, and inflammation. The prevailing theory suggests that MS originates from an immune response directed against the body's own antigens within the central nervous system. Aim The main aim of this research paper "Neuroinflammation-on-a-Chip" for studying multiple sclerosis is to enhance our comprehension of MS development, demonstrate the application of cutting-edge technology, and potentially provide valuable insights for therapeutic approaches. Methods The available literature for this Narrative Review was searched on various bibliographic databases, PubMed, NCBI, and many other medical references using an individually verified, prespecified approach. Studies regarding the significance of MS and its neuroinflammatory pathogenesis in addition to the development and optimization of neuroinflammatory-on-a-chip and the advancement in innovations in this field have been reviewed in this research for a better understanding of "Neuroinflammation-on-a-chip for multiple sclerosis". The level of evidence of the included studies was considered as per the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendations. Results Several studies have indicated that the brain-chip model closely mimics cortical brain tissue compared to commonly used conventional cell culture methods like the Transwell culture system. Additionally, these studies have clearly demonstrated that further research using brain chips has the potential to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and roles of blood-brain barrier (BBB) transporters in both normal and disease conditions. Conclusion Understanding neuroinflammation processes remains essential to establish new MS treatments approaches. The utilization of brain chips promises to advance our understanding of the molecular processes involving BBB transporters, both in normal and diseased states. Further research needs to be addressed in order to enhance the performance and understanding of neuroinflammation on a chip, hence aiming to provide more effective treatments for all CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Berjaoui
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University
| | - Charbel Kachouh
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University
| | - Safaa Joumaa
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Hussein Ghayyad
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University
| | - Bisrat Abate Bekele
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rita Ajirenike
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Zeina Al Maaz
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University
| | - Sara Awde
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University
| | - Magda Wojtara
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Alissa M, Hjazi A. Utilising biosensor-based approaches for identifying neurotropic viruses. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2513. [PMID: 38282404 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Neurotropic viruses, with their ability to invade the central nervous system, present a significant public health challenge, causing a spectrum of neurological diseases. Clinical manifestations of neurotropic viral infections vary widely, from mild to life-threatening conditions, such as HSV-induced encephalitis or poliovirus-induced poliomyelitis. Traditional diagnostic methods, including polymerase chain reaction, serological assays, and imaging techniques, though valuable, have limitations. To address these challenges, biosensor-based methods have emerged as a promising approach. These methods offer advantages such as rapid results, high sensitivity, specificity, and potential for point-of-care applications. By targeting specific biomarkers or genetic material, biosensors utilise technologies like surface plasmon resonance and microarrays, providing a direct and efficient means of diagnosing neurotropic infections. This review explores the evolving landscape of biosensor-based methods, highlighting their potential to enhance the diagnostic toolkit for neurotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Tian Z, Cao Z, Yang E, Li J, Liao D, Wang F, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jiang X, Li X, Luo P. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the hippocampus reveal the involvement of NMDAR1 signaling in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2711-2719. [PMID: 37449635 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative damage caused by repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can cause long-term neurodegeneration leading to cognitive impairment. This cognitive impairment is thought to result specifically from damage to the hippocampus. In this study, we detected cognitive impairment in mice 6 weeks after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury using the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test. Immunofluorescence staining showed that p-tau expression was increased in the hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Golgi staining showed a significant decrease in the total density of neuronal dendritic spines in the hippocampus, as well as in the density of mature dendritic spines. To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment due to hippocampal damage, we performed proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the hippocampus with and without repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in inflammation, immunity, and coagulation, suggesting that non-neuronal cells are involved in the pathological changes that occur in the hippocampus in the chronic stage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. In contrast, differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were mainly enriched in pathways related to neuronal function and structure, which is more consistent with neurodegeneration. We identified N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 as a hub molecule involved in the response to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury , and western blotting showed that, while N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 expression was not altered in the hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, its phosphorylation level was significantly increased, which is consistent with the omics results. Administration of GRP78608, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 antagonist, to the hippocampus markedly improved repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 signaling in the hippocampus is involved in cognitive impairment in the chronic stage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and may be a potential target for intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zixuan Cao
- The Sixth Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Erwan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an; Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Taozhi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University; School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Guo Y, Yang Y, Xu M, Shi G, Zhou J, Zhang J, Li H. Trends and Developments in the Detection of Pathogens in Central Nervous System Infections: A Bibliometric Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:856845. [PMID: 35573778 PMCID: PMC9100591 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.856845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory assays are critical for the diagnosis and management of central nervous system (CNS) infections. The purpose of this study is to explore the intellectual landscape of research investigating methods for the detection of pathogens in patients with CNS infections and to identify the development trends and research frontier in this field. Methods A bibliometric study is conducted by analyzing literature retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection Database for the years 2000 to 2021. CiteSpace software is used for bibliometric analysis and network visualization, including co-citation analysis of references, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and cooperation network analysis of authors, institutions, and countries/regions. Results A total of 2,282 publications are eventually screened, with an upward trend in the number of publications per year. The majority of papers are attributed to the disciplines of MICROBIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, IMMUNOLOGY, NEUROSCIENCES & NEUROLOGY, and VIROLOGY. The co-citation analysis of references shows that recent research has focused on the largest cluster “metagenomic next-generation sequencing”; the results of the analysis of the highest-cited publications and the citation burst of publications reveal that there is a strong interest stimulated in metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords indicates that “infection”, “pathogen”, “diagnosis”, “gene”, “virus”, “polymerase chain reaction”, “cerebrospinal fluid”, “epidemiology”, and “metagenomic next-generation sequencing” are the main research priorities in the field of pathogen detection for CNS infections, and the keyword with the highest strength of burst is “metagenomic next-generation sequencing”. Collaborative network analysis reveals that the USA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of USA, and XIN WANG and JENNIFER DIEN BARD are the most influential country, institution, and researchers, respectively. Conclusions Exploring more advanced laboratory assays to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pathogens is essential for CNS infection research. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is emerging as a novel useful unbiased approach for diagnosing infectious diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Shi
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jindong Zhang, ; Hongliang Li,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jindong Zhang, ; Hongliang Li,
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Chou CH, Huang TH, Hsieh PC, Ho NYJ, Chen CA, Wu K, Tsai TT. Quantitative lateral flow immunoassay for rapid detection and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid leakage following incidental durotomy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1196:339544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Multi-Omics Approach to Elucidate Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes in Dogs with Intervertebral Disc Herniation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111678. [PMID: 34769107 PMCID: PMC8583948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herniation of the intervertebral disc (IVDH) is the most common cause of neurological and intervertebral disc degeneration-related diseases. Since the disc starts to degenerate before it can be observed by currently available diagnostic methods, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic approaches. To identify molecular networks and pathways which may play important roles in intervertebral disc herniation, as well as to reveal the potential features which could be useful for monitoring disease progression and prognosis, multi-omics profiling, including high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics was performed. Cerebrospinal fluid of nine dogs with IVDH and six healthy controls were used for the analyses, and an additional five IVDH samples were used for proteomic data validation. Furthermore, multi-omics data were integrated to decipher a complex interaction between individual omics layers, leading to an improved prediction model. Together with metabolic pathways related to amino acids and lipid metabolism and coagulation cascades, our integromics prediction model identified the key features in IVDH, namely the proteins follistatin Like 1 (FSTL1), secretogranin V (SCG5), nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1), calcitonin re-ceptor-stimulating peptide 2 precursor (CRSP2) and the metabolites N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and adenine, involved in neuropathic pain, myelination, and neurotransmission and inflammatory response, respectively. Their clinical application is to be further investigated. The utilization of a novel integrative interdisciplinary approach may provide new opportunities to apply innovative diagnostic and monitoring methods as well as improve treatment strategies and personalized care for patients with degenerative spinal disorders.
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Behringer V, Müller-Klein N, Strube C, Schülke O, Heistermann M, Ostner J. Responsiveness of fecal immunoglobulin A to HPA-axis activation limits its use for mucosal immunity assessment. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23329. [PMID: 34554596 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of mucosal immunity as a component of animal health is an important aspect for the understanding of variation in host immunity, and its tradeoff against other life-history traits. We investigated immunoglobulin A (IgA), the major type of antibody associated with mucosal immunity, in relation to changes in parasitic burden following anthelminthic treatment in noninvasively collected fecal samples in a semi-free ranging group of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). We measured IgA in 340 fecal samples of fourteen females and nine males. As IgA has been found to be responsive to stressors, we also related fecal IgA (fIgA) levels to fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) measured in the same samples as part of a previous study. We found a high variability within and between individual fIgA levels over time. Running generalized additive mixed models, we found that fIgA levels were higher in males than in females, but did not change in response to the anthelmintic treatment and the resulting reduction in worm burden. Instead, fIgA level changes were significantly correlated to changes in fGCM levels. Our findings indicate that due to the strong responsiveness of fIgA to HPA-axis activity, the measurement of fIgA may have certain limitations with respect to reflecting gastrointestinal parasitic burden. Moreover, the responsiveness of fIgA to stressors interferes with the interpretation of IgA levels in fecal samples as a measure of mucosal immunity, at least in our study population of the Barbary macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Müller-Klein
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Research Group Social Evolution in Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
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Important Issues in Planning a Proteomics Experiment: Statistical Considerations of Quantitative Proteomic Data. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2228:1-20. [PMID: 33950479 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1024-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is frequently used in quantitative proteomics to detect differentially regulated proteins. A very important but unfortunately oftentimes neglected part in detecting differential proteins is the statistical analysis. Data from proteomics experiments are usually high-dimensional and hence require profound statistical methods. It is especially important to already correctly design a proteomic experiment before it is conducted in the laboratory. Only this can ensure that the statistical analysis is capable of detecting truly differential proteins afterward. This chapter thus covers aspects of both statistical planning as well as the actual analysis of quantitative proteomic experiments.
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LC-MS/MS quantification of fat soluble vitamers - A systematic review. Anal Biochem 2020; 613:113980. [PMID: 33065116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fat soluble vitamers (FSV) are several biochemically diverse micronutrients essential for healthy development, growth, metabolism, and cell regulation. We cannot synthesize FSV completely or at the required concentrations. Deficiency or excess of FSV can result in many health problems. Plasma is the most accessible sample matrix for the quantification of FSV. However, due to its complexity and other analytical challenges (e.g., FSV sensitivity to light, oxygen, heat, pH, chemical heterogeneity, standard availability), developing a method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple FSV at physiological concentrations has been challenging. In this systematic review, we examine the parameters and criteria used in existing Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for FSV quantification to the extraction method, chromatographic resolution, matrix effects, and method validation as critical to a sensitive and robust method. We conclude that the final FSV method sensitivity is predominantly based on aforementioned criteria and future method development using LC-MS/MS will benefit from the application of this systematic review.
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Sun Z, Li W, Xu J, Ren K, Gao F, Jiang Z, Ji F, Pan D. Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Children with Acute Enterovirus-Associated Meningoencephalitis Identifies Dysregulated Host Processes and Potential Biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3487-3498. [PMID: 32678604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are major causes of viral meningoencephalitis in children. To better understand the pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid proteome in children (n = 52) suffering from EV meningoencephalitis was compared to that in EV-negative control subjects (n = 53) using the BoxCar acquisition technique. Among 1697 proteins identified, 1193 with robust assay readouts were used for quantitative analyses. Differential expression analyses identified 154 upregulated and 227 downregulated proteins in the EV-positive group. Functional analyses showed that the upregulated proteins are mainly related to activities of lymphocytes and cytokines, inflammation, and responses to stress and viral invasion, while the downregulated proteins are mainly related to neuronal integrity and activity as well as neurogenesis. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis results, Rho-GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 exhibited the highest sensitivity (96.2%) and specificity (100%) for discriminating EV-positive from EV-negative patients. The chemokine CXCL10 was most upregulated (>300-fold) with also high sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (94.3%) for indicating EV positivity. Thus, this study uncovered perturbations of multiple host processes due to EV meningoencephalitis, especially the general trend of enhanced immune responses but impaired neuronal functions. The identified dysregulated proteins may also prompt biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Keyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, and Department of Infectious Diseases of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Jayathirtha M, Dupree EJ, Manzoor Z, Larose B, Sechrist Z, Neagu AN, Petre BA, Darie CC. Mass Spectrometric (MS) Analysis of Proteins and Peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 22:92-120. [PMID: 32713333 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200726223336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human genome is sequenced and comprised of ~30,000 genes, making humans just a little bit more complicated than worms or flies. However, complexity of humans is given by proteins that these genes code for because one gene can produce many proteins mostly through alternative splicing and tissue-dependent expression of particular proteins. In addition, post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins greatly increase the number of gene products or protein isoforms. Furthermore, stable and transient interactions between proteins, protein isoforms/proteoforms and PTM-ed proteins (protein-protein interactions, PPI) add yet another level of complexity in humans and other organisms. In the past, all of these proteins were analyzed one at the time. Currently, they are analyzed by a less tedious method: mass spectrometry (MS) for two reasons: 1) because of the complexity of proteins, protein PTMs and PPIs and 2) because MS is the only method that can keep up with such a complex array of features. Here, we discuss the applications of mass spectrometry in protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Emmalyn J Dupree
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Zaen Manzoor
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Brianna Larose
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Zach Sechrist
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Brindusa Alina Petre
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania, Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine - TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, United States
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12
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Thanh TT, Casals-Pascual C, Ny NTH, Ngoc NM, Geskus R, Nhu LNT, Hong NTT, Duc DT, Thu DDA, Uyen PN, Ngoc VB, Chau LTM, Quynh VX, Hanh NHH, Thuong NTT, Diem LT, Hanh BTB, Hang VTT, Oanh PKN, Fischer R, Phu NH, Nghia HDT, Chau NVV, Hoa NT, Kessler BM, Thwaites G, Tan LV. Value of lipocalin 2 as a potential biomarker for bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:S1198-743X(20)30408-0. [PMID: 32659386 PMCID: PMC8128987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Central nervous system (CNS) infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to discover protein biomarkers that could rapidly and accurately identify the likely cause of the infections, essential for clinical management and improving outcome. METHODS We applied liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on 45 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a cohort of adults with and without CNS infections to discover potential diagnostic biomarkers. We then validated the diagnostic performance of a selected biomarker candidate in an independent cohort of 364 consecutively treated adults with CNS infections admitted to a referral hospital in Vietnam. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, we identified lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as a potential biomarker of bacterial meningitis (BM) other than tuberculous meningitis. The analysis of the validation cohort showed that LCN2 could discriminate BM from other CNS infections (including tuberculous meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis and virus/antibody-mediated encephalitis), with sensitivity of 0.88 (95% confident interval (CI), 0.77-0.94), specificity of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.94) and diagnostic odds ratio of 73.8 (95% CI, 31.8-171.4). LCN2 outperformed other CSF markers (leukocytes, glucose, protein and lactate) commonly used in routine care worldwide. The combination of LCN2, CSF leukocytes, glucose, protein and lactate resulted in the highest diagnostic performance for BM (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020510. CONCLUSIONS LCN2 is a sensitive and specific biomarker for discriminating BM from a broad spectrum of other CNS infections. A prospective study is needed to assess the diagnostic utility of LCN2 in the diagnosis and management of CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - C Casals-Pascual
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, CDB, Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal Barcelona, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N T H Ny
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - N M Ngoc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R Geskus
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L N T Nhu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - N T T Hong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - D T Duc
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - D D A Thu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - P N Uyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - V B Ngoc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - L T M Chau
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - V X Quynh
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - N H H Hanh
- Department of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - N T T Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - L T Diem
- Department of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - B T B Hanh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - V T T Hang
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - P K N Oanh
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N H Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - H D T Nghia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Infectious Diseases, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - N V V Chau
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - N T Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - B M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L V Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Song S, Yin L, Sun D, Gu J. Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1978-1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Song
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Research Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education”Yantai University Yantai P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
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14
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Dorresteijn KRIS, Verheul RJ, Ponjee GAE, Tewarie RN, Müller MCA, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Jellema K. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis from bilateral external ventricular drains in suspected nosocomial infection. J Infect 2020; 81:147-178. [PMID: 32092389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R I S Dorresteijn
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Rolf J Verheul
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriëlle A E Ponjee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Rishi Nandoe Tewarie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcella C A Müller
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Korné Jellema
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA The Hague, the Netherlands.
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15
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Alharbi RA. Proteomics approach and techniques in identification of reliable biomarkers for diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:968-974. [PMID: 32127776 PMCID: PMC7042613 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers, also called biological markers, are indicators to identify a biological case or situation as well as detecting any presence of biological activities and processes. Proteins are considered as a type of biomarkers based on their characteristics. Therefore, proteomics approach is one of the most promising approaches in this field. The purpose of this review is to summarize the use of proteomics approach and techniques to identify proteins as biomarkers for different diseases. This review was obtained by searching in a computerized database. So, different researches and studies that used proteomics approach to identify different biomarkers for different diseases were reviewed. Also, techniques of proteomics that are used to identify proteins as biomarkers were collected. Techniques and methods of proteomics approach are used for the identification of proteins' activities and presence as biomarkers for different types of diseases from different types of samples. There are three essential steps of this approach including: extraction and separation of proteins, identification of proteins, and verification of proteins. Finally, clinical trials for new discovered biomarker or undefined biomarker would be on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Abdullah Alharbi
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, PO Box 7921, Majmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Au CC, Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR. Childhood Infectious Encephalitis: An Overview of Clinical Features, Investigations, Treatment, and Recent Patents. RECENT PATENTS ON INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 14:156-165. [PMID: 33238854 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x14999201124195724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious encephalitis is a serious and challenging condition to manage. This overview summarizes the current literature regarding the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and recent patents of acute childhood infectious encephalitis. METHODS We used PubMed Clinical Queries as a search engine and used keywords of "encephalitis" AND "childhood" Patents were searched using the key term "encephalitis" in google.patents.- com and patentsonline.com. RESULTS Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children. In young children, the clinical manifestations can be non-specific. Provision of empiric antimicrobial therapy until a specific infectious organism has been identified, which in most cases includes acyclovir, is the cornerstone of therapy. Advanced investigation tools, including nucleic acid-based test panel and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, improve the diagnostic yield of identifying an infectious organism. Supportive therapy includes adequate airway and oxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, cerebral perfusion pressure support, and seizure control. Recent patents are related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute infectious encephalitis. CONCLUSION Viral encephalitis is the most common cause of acute infectious encephalitis in children and is associated with significant morbidity. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis and immunological correlation of infectious encephalitis may improve treatment. Third-tier diagnostic tests may be incorporated into clinical practice. Treatment is targeted at the infectious process but remains mostly supportive. However, specific antimicrobial agents and vaccines development is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk C Au
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kam L Hon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary and The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alcy R Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Program, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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