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Yang C, Sun JY, Li XL, Cheng N, Wang KY, Li LQ, Cheng XJ, Sun YF. Emerging and re-emerging genotype 2c porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus with high pathogenicity in China. J Infect 2024; 89:106192. [PMID: 38830411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jiu-Ying Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xin-Lei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Kai-Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Li-Qin Li
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Cheng
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Challenge Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300380, China.
| | - Ying-Feng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Wu Z, Chang T, Wang D, Zhang H, Liu H, Huang X, Tian Z, Tian X, Liu D, An T, Yan Y. Genomic surveillance and evolutionary dynamics of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China spanning the African swine fever outbreak. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae016. [PMID: 38404965 PMCID: PMC10890815 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a serious threat to the pig industry in China. Our previous study demonstrated that PRRSV persists with local circulations and overseas imports in China and has formed a relatively stable epidemic pattern. However, the sudden African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in 2018 caused serious damage to China's pig industry structure, which resulted in about 40 per cent of pigs being slaughtered. The pig yields recovered by the end of 2019. Thus, whether the ASF outbreak reframed PRRSV evolution with changes in pig populations and further posed new threats to the pig industry becomes a matter of concern. For this purpose, we conducted genomic surveillance and recombination, NSP2 polymorphism, population dynamics, and geographical spread analysis of PRRSV-2, which is dominant in China. The results showed that the prevalence of ASF had no significant effects on genetic diversities like lineage composition, recombination patterns, and NSP2 insertion and deletion patterns but was likely to lead to changes in PRRSV-2 recombination frequency. As for circulation of the two major sub-lineages of Lineage 1, there was no apparent transmission of NADC30-like among provinces, while NADC34-like had obvious signs of inter-provincial transmission and foreign importation during the ASF epidemic. In addition, two suspected vaccine recombinant epidemic strains suggest a slight safety issue of vaccine use. Herein, the interference of ASF to the PRRSV-2 evolutionary pattern was evaluated and vaccine safety was analyzed, in order to monitor the potential threat of PRRSV-2 to China's pig industry in the post-epidemic era of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tong Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yi Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
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Peng O, Xia Y, Wei Y, Zeng S, Zou C, Hu F, Xu Q, Huang Y, Geng R, Hu G, Cao Y, Zhang H. Integrative transcriptomic profiling of mRNA, miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA in alveolar macrophages isolated from PRRSV-infected porcine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258778. [PMID: 37691924 PMCID: PMC10491896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to pose a significant threat to the global swine industry, attributed largely to its immunosuppressive properties and the chronic nature of its infection. The absence of effective vaccines and therapeutics amplifies the urgency to deepen our comprehension of PRRSV's intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Previous transcriptomic studies, although informative, are partially constrained by their predominant reliance on in vitro models or lack of long-term infections. Moreover, the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) during PRRSV invasion is yet to be elucidated. Methods In this study, we employed an in vivo approach, exposing piglets to a PRRSV challenge over varied durations of 3, 7, or 21 days. Subsequently, porcine alveolar macrophages were isolated for a comprehensive transcriptomic investigation, examining the expression patterns of mRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Results Differentially expressed RNAs from all four categories were identified, underscoring the dynamic interplay among these RNA species during PRRSV infection. Functional enrichment analyses indicate that these differentially expressed RNAs, as well as their target genes, play a pivotal role in immune related pathways. For the first time, we integrated circRNAs into the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA relationship, constructing a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Our findings highlight the immune-related genes, CTLA4 and SAMHD1, as well as their associated miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for PRRS. Importantly, we corroborated the expression patterns of selected RNAs through RT-qPCR, ensuring consistency with our transcriptomic sequencing data. Discussion This study sheds lights on the intricate RNA interplay during PRRSV infection and provides a solid foundation for future therapeutic strategizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Siying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangchao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun YF, Liu Y, Yang J, Li WZ, Yu XX, Wang SY, Li LA, Yu H. Recombination between NADC34-like and QYYZ-like strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus with high pathogenicity for piglets in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3202-e3207. [PMID: 35119777 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that causes huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Here, a novel variant of PRRSV strain named TJnh2021 was isolated from nursery piglets with morbidity rate (75%) and mortality rate (40%) in Tianjin Province of China in 2021. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses revealed that TJnh2021 was highly similar to NADC34-like (lineage1.5, isolated in North America in 2014) in the ORF1ab-ORF2 and ORF6-ORF7 coding regions, as well as to QYYZ-like (lineage3, isolated in China in 2010) in the ORF3-ORF5, suggestive of a natural recombination event. Recombination analyses revealed that recombination events occurred in two inter-lineage recombination events between lineages 1.5 and 3, and two breakpoints in ORF2 (nt12196) and ORF5(nt13628) (with reference to the VR-2332 strain). Animal experiments demonstrated that TJnh2021 caused mortality rates of 40% and exhibited higher pathogenicity in piglets compared to other lineage 1.5 strains reported in China. Taken altogether, NADC34-like PRRSV has undergone genetic exchange with Chinese local PRRSV strains and recombination might be responsible for the variations in pathogenicity and highlight the importance of surveillance of this lineage in China. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai-Yong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-An Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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