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El-Attar MS, Sadeek SA, Abd El-Hamid SM, Elshafie HS. Spectroscopic Analyses and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Ciprofloxacin and 7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, the Plant-Based Natural Benzopyrone Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148019. [PMID: 35887366 PMCID: PMC9316271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin is highly distributed in nature, notably in higher plants. The biological features of coumarin include antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant effects. It is well known that metal ions present in complexes accelerate the drug action and the efficacy of organic therapeutic agents. The main aim of the current study is the synthesis of different complexes of the interaction between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (HMC) with Zr(IV). The chelates of CIP with Zr(IV) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, conductance measurements, spectroscopic techniques involving IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and thermal behavior (TG-DTG) in the presence of HMC, dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine (Py), and triethylamine (Et3N). Results of molar conductivity tests showed that the new synthesized complexes are electrolytes with a 1:1 or 1:2 electrolyte ratio, with the chloride ions functioning as counter ions. According to IR spectra, CIP acts as a neutral bidentate ligand with Zr(IV) through one carboxylato oxygen and the carbonyl group, HMC as a monodentate through the carbonyl group, and DMF through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group and the N atom of Py and Et3N. The thermal behavior of the complexes was carefully investigated using TG and DTG techniques. TG findings signal that water molecules are found as hydrated and coordinated. The thermal decomposition mechanisms proposed for CIP, HMC, and Zr(IV) complexes are discussed and the activation energies (Ea), Gibbs free energies (∆G*), entropies (∆S*), and enthalpies (∆H*) of thermal decomposition reactions have been calculated using Coats–Redfern (CR) and Horowitz–Metzeger (HM) methods. The studied complexes were tested against some human pathogens and phytopathogens, including three Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Brevibacterium otitidis) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and compared to the free CIP and HMC parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. El-Attar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.S.E.-A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sadeek A. Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.S.E.-A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sherif M. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Future Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura 35511, Egypt;
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205522; Fax: +39-0971-205503
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Navarro M, Justo RMS, Delgado GYS, Visbal G. Metallodrugs for the Treatment of Trypanosomatid Diseases: Recent Advances and New Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1763-1789. [PMID: 33185155 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are responsible for many Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). NTDs are a group of illnesses that prevail in low-income populations, such as in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. There are known drugs for the treatment of these diseases that are used extensively and are affordable; however, the use of these medicines is limited by several drawbacks such as the development of chemo-resistance, side effects such as cardiotoxicity, low selectivity, and others. Therefore, there is a need to develop new chemotherapeutic against these tropical parasitic diseases. Metal-based drugs against NTDs have been discussed over the years as alternative ways to overcome the difficulties presented by approved antiparasitic agents. The study of late transition metal-based drugs as chemotherapeutics is an exciting research field in chemistry, biology, and medicine due to the ability to develop multitarget antiparasitic agents. The evaluation of the late transition metal complexes for the treatment of trypanosomatid diseases is provided here, as well as some insights about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Navarro
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Giset Y Sánchez Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Visbal
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Brazil
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Abstract
The association of leishmaniasis and malignancies in human and animal models has been highlighted in recent years. The misdiagnosis of coexistence of leishmaniasis and cancer and the use of common drugs in the treatment of such diseases prompt us to further survey the molecular biology of Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The information regarding common expressed proteins, as possible therapeutic targets, in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells is scarce. Therefore, the current study reviews proteins, and investigates the regulation and functions of several key proteins in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The up- and down-regulations of such proteins were mostly related to survival, development, pathogenicity, metabolic pathways and vital signalling in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells. The presence of common expressed proteins in Leishmania parasites and cancer cells reveals valuable information regarding the possible shared mechanisms of pathogenicity and opportunities for therapeutic targeting in leishmaniasis and cancers in the future.
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Leishmanicidal Activity of Isoselenocyanate Derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00904-18. [PMID: 30478164 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00904-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy against leishmaniasis includes agents exhibiting considerable toxicity. In addition, reports of drug resistance are not uncommon. Thus, safe and effective therapies are urgently needed. Isoselenocyanate compounds have recently been identified with potential antitumor activity. It is well known that some antitumor agents demonstrate effects against Leishmania In this study, the in vitro leishmanicidal activities of several organo-selenium and organo-sulfur compounds were tested against Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis parasites, using promastigotes and intracellular amastigote forms. The cytotoxicity of these agents was measured in murine peritoneal macrophages and their selectivity indexes were calculated. One of the tested compounds, the isoselenocyanate derivative NISC-6, showed selectivity indexes 2- and 10-fold higher than those of the reference drug amphotericin B when evaluated in L. amazonensis and L. major, respectively. The American strain (L. amazonensis) was less sensitive to NISC-6 than L. major, showing a trend similar to that observed previously for amphotericin B. In addition, we also observed that NISC-6 significantly reduced the number of amastigotes per infected macrophage. On the other hand, we showed that NISC-6 decreases expression levels of Leishmania genes involved in the cell cycle, such as topoisomerase-2 (TOP-2), PCNA, and MCM4, therefore contributing to its leishmanicidal activity. The effect of this compound on cell cycle progression was confirmed by flow cytometry. We observed a significant increase of cells in the G1 phase and a dramatic reduction of cells in the S phase compared to untreated cells. Altogether, our data suggest that the isoselenocyanate NISC-6 may be a promising candidate for new drug development against leishmaniasis.
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Zordok WAA, Sadeek SA, El-Farargy AF, Abd El-Lattif NS. Synthesis, Spectral, X-Ray Diffraction, DFT, and Nematicidal Activity of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Ethyl 2-(2-Hydroxybenzylidine)-Hydrazine Carboxylate and 1,10-Phenanthroline with Some Transition Metals. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abd-allah Zordok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
- Department of Chemistry; University College of Quanfudha, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA; Quanfudha Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeek Atia Sadeek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. El-Farargy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Nossa S. Abd El-Lattif
- Department of Pesticides Formulation; Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory; Cairo Egypt
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Sun YG, Sun YN, You LX, Liu YN, Ding F, Ren BY, Xiong G, Dragutan V, Dragutan I. Novel mononuclear Pt2+ and Pd2+ complexes containing (2,3-f)pyrazino(1,10)phenanthroline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid as a multi-donor ligand. Synthesis, structure, interaction with DNA, in vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 164:129-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhou Z, Chen F, Xu G, Gou S. Study on the cytotoxic activity of platinum(II) complexes of (1 R ,2 R )- N 1 -cyclopentyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine with substituted malonate derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:322-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sadeek SA, Abd El-Hamid SM, El-Shwiniy WH. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermal stability and biological studies of mixed ligand complexes of gemifloxacin drug and 2,2′-bipyridine with some transition metals. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dorosti Z, Yousefi M, Sharafi SM, Darani HY. Mutual action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs: are there any shared targets? Future Oncol 2014; 10:2529-39. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parasites and cancers have some common features. It has been shown that some parasites interfere with tumor growth. In addition, they both have common antigens such as the Tn antigen. A communal action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs has been reported. This shared action may be related to common targets for these drugs in cancers and parasites. In this paper, mutual action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs, with the aim of discussing shared targets of these drugs, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorosti
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sun YG, Guo Y, Sun D, Zhu MC, Ding F, Liu YN, Gao EJ, Wang SJ, Xiong G, Dragutan I, Dragutan V. Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Interaction with DNA, DFT Calculation, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Legin AA, Jakupec MA, Bokach NA, Tyan MR, Kukushkin VY, Keppler BK. Guanidine platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, in vitro antitumor activity, and DNA interactions. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 133:33-9. [PMID: 24444821 PMCID: PMC3989059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel guanidine compounds trans-[Pt(NH2Me)2{NH=C(NHMe)NR}2](Cl)2 (R = NEt2 [7], NC5H10 [8]) (trans-7,8) were synthesized by the nucleophilic addition of methylamine to dialkylcyanamide ligands of the push–pull nitrile complexes trans-[PtCl2(RCN)2] (R = NEt2, NC5H10). In vitro cytotoxicity tests conducted for the entire series of the guanidine complexes, i.e. trans-7,8, the neutral cis- or trans-[PtCl2{NH=C(NH2)R}2] (cis-1–3 and trans-1–3) and the cationic cis- or trans-[Pt(NH3)2{NH=C(NH2)R}2](Cl)2 (cis-4–6 and trans-4–6) (R = NMe2 [1,4], NEt2 [2,5], NC5H10 [3,6]) in two human cancer cell lines, CH1 (ovarian carcinoma) and SW480 (colon cancer), confirmed that the cytotoxicity of several trans-configured (trans-3,6) complexes is higher than that of cis-congeners (cis-3,6). Cellular platinum levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry upon treatment of SW480 cells, revealing a dependence of cellular accumulation on the geometrical isomerism and the steric hindrance of the variable substituent R on the guanidine ligand. DNA interactions of selected guanidine complexes were studied in order to find hints for the possible reasons for their different activities. Changes induced to the electrophoretic mobility of a dsDNA plasmid confirmed the potency of the guanidine complexes (e.g. trans-1,3,5,6 and cis-1,3,4) to significantly alter DNA secondary structure, indicating DNA as a possible critical target of these compounds. A series of guanidine–Pt(II) complexes was extended with two new compounds. Structure–activity relationships were inferred from cell culture studies. New examples of active platinum complexes with trans geometry were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Legin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nadezhda A Bokach
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Marina R Tyan
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Joshi J, Kaur S. To investigate the therapeutic potential of immunochemotherapy with cisplatin + 78 kDa + MPL-A againstLeishmania donovaniin BALB/c mice. Parasite Immunol 2013; 36:3-12. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Joshi
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - S. Kaur
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
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El-Shwiniy WH, El-Attar MS, Sadeek SA. Metal Complexes of Enrofloxacin Part I: Preparation, Spectroscopic, Thermal Analyses Studies and Antimicrobial Evaluation. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2013.57.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kaur T, Makkar P, Randhawa K, Kaur S. Antineoplastic drug, carboplatin, protects mice against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:91-100. [PMID: 22961311 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the leishmanicidal effect of two doses (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) of the carboplatin was studied in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice. Mice were infected intracardially with promastigotes of L. donovani, and a month after infection, they were treated intraperitoneally with the two doses of the drug (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for five continuous days. Animals were sacrificed on 1 and 15 posttreatment days. Hepatic parasite load was assessed on Geimsa-stained imprints. Immune responses were studied by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, serum IgG isotype levels (IgG1 and IgG2a) and cytokine levels [γ-interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-2] in spleen cell cultures by ELISA. To study the drug-induced side effects, various haematological (haemoglobin and total leukocyte count), biochemical (liver and kidney function tests) and histological investigations (kidney, liver and spleen) were carried out. The antileishmanial potential of the drug was revealed by significant reduction in the parasite burden. The infected and treated animals were also found to exhibit increased DTH responses, higher IgG2a levels, lower IgG1 levels and greater cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-2) concentrations pointing towards the generation of mixed Th1/Th2 response. Liver and kidney function tests and histological studies of kidney, liver and spleen of treated mice revealed no side effects. Carboplatin cures mice of visceral leishmaniasis without causing any serious side effects, and the drug was found be more effective at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight as compared to 5 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Bugarčić ŽD, Bogojeski J, Petrović B, Hochreuther S, van Eldik R. Mechanistic studies on the reactions of platinum(ii) complexes with nitrogen- and sulfur-donor biomolecules. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:12329-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31045g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Smirlis D, Duszenko M, Ruiz AJ, Scoulica E, Bastien P, Fasel N, Soteriadou K. Targeting essential pathways in trypanosomatids gives insights into protozoan mechanisms of cell death. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:107. [PMID: 21083891 PMCID: PMC3136144 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a normal component of the development and health of multicellular organisms. However, apoptosis is now considered a prerogative of unicellular organisms, including the trypanosomatids of the genera Trypanosoma spp. and Leishmania spp., causative agents of some of the most important neglected human diseases. Trypanosomatids show typical hallmarks of apoptosis, although they lack some of the key molecules contributing to this process in metazoans, like caspase genes, Bcl-2 family genes and the TNF-related family of receptors. Despite the lack of these molecules, trypanosomatids appear to have the basic machinery to commit suicide. The components of the apoptotic execution machinery of these parasites are slowly coming into light, by targeting essential processes and pathways with different apoptogenic agents and inhibitors. This review will be confined to the events known to drive trypanosomatid parasites to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Smirlis
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Bas, Sofias Ave,, 11521 Athens, Greece.
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Scaffidi-Domianello YY, Meelich K, Jakupec MA, Arion VB, Kukushkin VY, Galanski M, Keppler BK. Novel cis- and trans-configured bis(oxime)platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5669-78. [PMID: 20459062 DOI: 10.1021/ic100584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel cis- and trans-configured bis(oxime)platinum(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, and (195)Pt) NMR spectroscopy, and, in five cases, by X-ray diffraction. Their cytotoxicity was studied in the cisplatin-sensitive CH1 cell line as well as in inherently cisplatin-resistant SW480 cancer cells. Remarkably, every single dihalidobis(oxime)platinum(II) complex (with either a cis or trans configuration) shows a comparable cytotoxic potency in both cell lines, indicating a capacity of overcoming cisplatin resistance. Particularly strong cytotoxicities were observed in the case of trans-[PtCl(2)(R(2)C=NOH)(2)] (R = Me, n-Pr, i-Pr) with IC(50) values in the high nanomolar concentration range in both CH1 and SW480 cancer cells. These complexes are as potent as cisplatin in CH1 cells and up to 20 times more potent than cisplatin in SW480 cells. In comparison to transplatin, the novel compounds are up to 90 (CH1) and 120 times (SW480) more cytotoxic. The previously reported observation that the trans geometry yields a more active complex in the case of [PtCl(2)(Me(2)C=NOH)(2)] could be confirmed for at least two structural analogues.
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Sadeek SA, El-Shwiniy WH. Metal complexes of the third generation quinolone antibacterial drug sparfloxacin: preparation, structure, and microbial evaluation. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.514049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadeek A. Sadeek
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa H. El-Shwiniy
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
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Vieira LMM, Almeida MVD, Abreu HAD, Duarte HA, Grazul RM, Fontes APS. Platinum(II) complexes with fluoroquinolones: Synthesis and characterization of unusual metal–piperazine chelates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Visbal G, Marchán E, Maldonado A, Simoni Z, Navarro M. Synthesis and characterization of platinum–sterol hydrazone complexes with biological activity against Leishmania (L.) mexicana. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:547-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deponte M. Programmed cell death in protists. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1396-405. [PMID: 18291111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death in protists does not seem to make sense at first sight. However, apoptotic markers in unicellular organisms have been observed in all but one of the six/eight major groups of eukaryotes suggesting an ancient evolutionary origin of this regulated process. This review summarizes the available data on apoptotic markers in non-opisthokonts and elucidates potential functions and evolution of programmed cell death. A newly discovered family of caspase-like proteases, the metacaspases, is considered to exert the function of caspases in unicellular organisms. Important results on metacaspases, however, showed that they cannot be always correlated to the measured proteolytic activity during protist cell death. Thus, a major challenge for apoptosis research in a variety of protists remains the identification of the molecular cell death machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Deponte
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Tavares J, Ouaissi M, Ouaissi A, Cordeiro-da-Silva A. Characterization of the anti-Leishmania effect induced by cisplatin, an anticancer drug. Acta Trop 2007; 103:133-41. [PMID: 17658446 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), known as cis-DDP or cisplatin is a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy. Although a recent study has shown the anti-Leishmania activity of some cis-DDP derivatives, the cytotoxic properties were measured only on promastigotes, the insect vector form of the parasite. In this study the effect of cis-DDP on promastigotes and amastigotes, the vertebrate stage of the parasite is reported. The IC50, determined by flow cytometry, after 72 h of drug incubation was four times higher, 7.73+/-1.03 microM in the case of promastigotes compared to axenic amastigotes, 1.88+/-0.10 microM. In intracellular amastigotes the IC50, determined by counting the parasite index was 1.85+/-0.22 microM. By using flow cytometry, two patterns of cell cycle changes was observed: cis-DDP treated promastigotes and amastigotes accumulated in S phase and G2 phase, respectively. The cis-DDP response was also found to involve an "apoptosis-like" death of both promastigotes and amastigotes. However, DNA fragmentation was only detected in promastigote forms. In contrast mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss was observed for both stages of the parasite. Upon incubation of parasites with the drug an increase on GSH and GSSG levels and reactive oxygen species could be detected in the case of promastigote. Moreover, a slight increase of GSH level was detected on amastigote form. Taken together, these observations indicate that amastigotes are more sensitive to cis-DDP when compared to promastigotes. However, the signaling pathways leading to cell death could be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tavares
- Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Holzmuller P, Bras-Gonçalves R, Lemesre JL. Phenotypical characteristics, biochemical pathways, molecular targets and putative role of nitric oxide-mediated programmed cell death in Leishmania. Parasitology 2007; 132 Suppl:S19-32. [PMID: 17018162 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated to be the principal effector molecule mediating intracellular killing of Leishmania, both in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the type of cell death process induced by NO for the intracellular amastigote stage of the protozoa Leishmania. Specific detection methods revealed a rapid and extensive cell death with morphological features of apoptosis in axenic amastigotes exposed to NO donors, in intracellular amastigotes inside in vitro - activated mouse macrophages and also in activated macrophages of regressive lesions in a leishmaniasis-resistant mouse model. We extended our investigations to the dog, a natural host-reservoir of Leishmania parasites, by demonstrating that co-incubation of infected macrophages with autologous lymphocytes derived from dogs immunised with purified excreted-secreted antigens of Leishmania resulted in a significant NO-mediated apoptotic cell death of intracellular amastigotes. From the biochemical point of view, NO-mediated Leishmania amastigotes apoptosis did not seem to be controlled by caspase activity as indicated by the lack of effect of cell permeable inhibitors of caspases and cysteine proteases, in contrast to specific proteasome inhibitors, such as lactacystin or calpain inhibitor I. Moreover, addition of the products of two NO molecular targets, cis-aconitase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, also had an inhibitory effect on the cell death induced by NO. Interestingly, activities of these two enzymes plus 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, parasitic enzymes involved in both glycolysis and respiration processes, are overexpressed in amastigotes selected for their NO resistance. This review focuses on cell death of the intracellular stage of the pathogen Leishmania induced by nitrogen oxides and gives particular attention to the biochemical pathways and the molecular targets potentially involved. Questions about the role of Leishmania amastigotes NO-mediated apoptosis in the overall infection process are raised and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Holzmuller
- Equipe 1 Rôle biologique des facteurs d'excrétion-sécrétion des leishmanies: intérêt diagnostique et immunoprophylactique, UR 008 Pathogénie des Trypanosomatidae, IRD, B.P. 64501, 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Nguewa PA, Fuertes MA, Cepeda V, Iborra S, Carrión J, Valladares B, Alonso C, Pérez JM. Pentamidine is an antiparasitic and apoptotic drug that selectively modifies ubiquitin. Chem Biodivers 2007; 2:1387-400. [PMID: 17191940 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200590111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the cytotoxic properties of pentamidine isethionate (2) towards the promastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. The leishmanicidal activity of 2 was 60 times higher after 72 h of incubation than that of cisplatin (4). The pentamidine salt 2 induced a higher amount of programmed cell death (PCD) than cisplatin, which is associated with inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Circular dichroism (CD) data indicate that binding of 2 to calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) induces conformational changes in the DNA double helix, consistent with a B-->A transition. Moreover, the interaction of 2 with ubiquitin led to a 6% increase in the beta-sheet content of the protein as observed by CD spectroscopy. Fluorescence-spectroscopy studies agreed with the CD data, showing that the pentamidine portion of 2 induces a significant decrease in the fluorescence of the Ub residues Phe4 and Phe45 located on the beta-cluster of the molecule, but not of Tyr59 on the alpha-cluster. These data indicate that pentamidine specifically modifies the beta-cluster, i.e., the 'basic face' of ubiquitin. Our results suggest that the biochemical mechanism of action of pentamidine may be a consequence of its dual binding to DNA and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Nguewa
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de la Laguna Tenerife, Spain
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