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Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:341920. [PMID: 38057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a major challenge for tumor theranostics, requiring high-resolution intercellular bioanalysis strategies. Over the past decades, the advantages of electrochemical analysis, such as high sensitivity, good spatio-temporal resolution, and ease of use, have made it the preferred method to uncover cellular differences. To inspire more creative research, herein, we highlight seminal works in electrochemical techniques for biomolecule analysis and bioimaging. Specifically, micro/nano-electrode-based electrochemical techniques enable real-time quantitative analysis of electroactive substances relevant to life processes in the micro-nanostructure of cells and tissues. Nanopore-based technique plays a vital role in biosensing by utilizing nanoscale pores to achieve high-precision detection and analysis of biomolecules with exceptional sensitivity and single-molecule resolution. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology is utilized for real-time monitoring of the behavior and features of individual cancer cells, enabling observation of their dynamic processes due to its capability of providing high-resolution and highly sensitive bioimaging of cells. Particularly, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) which are widely used in real-time observation of cell surface biological processes and three-dimensional imaging of micro-nano structures, such as metabolic activity, ion channel activity, and cell morphology are introduced in this review. Furthermore, the expansion of the scope of cellular electrochemistry research by innovative functionalized electrodes and electrochemical imaging models and strategies to address future challenges and potential applications is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Kuermanbayi S, Zhuang J, Zhang H, Xu F, Li F. Matrix stiffness-dependent microglia activation in response to inflammatory cues: in situ investigation by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 15:171-184. [PMID: 38131065 PMCID: PMC10732011 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by sensing and responding to mechanical and inflammatory cues in their microenvironment. However, the interplay between mechanical and inflammatory cues in regulating microglia activation remains elusive. In this work, we constructed in vitro mechanical-inflammatory coupled microenvironment models of microglia by culturing BV2 cells (a murine microglial cell line) on polyacrylamide gels with tunable stiffness and incorporating a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the physiological and pathological microenvironment of microglia in the hippocampus. Through characterization of activation-related proteins, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, we observed that the LPS treatment induced microglia on a stiff matrix to exhibit overexpression of NOX2, higher levels of ROS and inflammatory factors compared to those on a soft matrix. Additionally, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), we performed in situ characterization and discovered that microglia on a stiff matrix promoted extracellular ROS production, leading to a disruption in their redox balance and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced ROS production. Furthermore, the respiratory activity and migration behavior of microglia were closely associated with their activation process, with the stiff matrix-LPS-induced microglia demonstrating the most pronounced changes in respiratory activity and migration ability. This work represents the first in situ and dynamic monitoring of microglia activation state alterations under a mechanical-inflammatory coupled microenvironment using SECM. Our findings shed light on matrix stiffness-dependent activation of microglia in response to an inflammatory microenvironment, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammatory processes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yabei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Shuake Kuermanbayi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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3
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Thomas N, Lima D, Trinh D, Kuss S. Temperature Effect on the Electrochemical Current Response during Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17962-17967. [PMID: 38029336 PMCID: PMC10720632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is being used increasingly to monitor electrochemical processes at the interface of living cells and electrodes. This allows the detection and quantification of biomarkers that further the understanding of various diseases. Rapid SECM experiments are often carried out without monitoring the analyte solution temperature or are performed at room temperature. The reported research demonstrates that temperature control is crucial during SECM imaging of living cells to obtain reliable data. In this study, a SECM-integrated thermostatic ring on the sample stage enabled imaging of living biological cells in a constant height mode at various temperatures. Two-dimensional line scans were conducted while scanning single Adenocarcinoma Cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Numerical modeling was carried out to evaluate the effect of the temperature on the electrochemical current response of living cells to compare the apparent heterogeneous rate constant (k0), representing cellular reaction kinetics. This study reveals that even slight temperature variations of approximately 2 °C affect the reaction kinetics of single living cells, altering the measured current during SECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Thomas
- Chemistry
Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Dhésmon Lima
- Chemistry
Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Dao Trinh
- Laboratoire
des Sciences de l’ Ingenieur Pour l’Environment UMR-7536
CNRS, Université de la Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Sabine Kuss
- Chemistry
Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
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4
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Kuermanbayi S, Liu Y, Zhang J, Ye Z, Guo H, Qu K, Xu F, Li F. In Situ and Quantitatively Monitoring the Dynamic Process of Ferroptosis in Single Cancer Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1940-1948. [PMID: 36608044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers, has aroused great interest. Quantifying the quick dynamic changes in key parameters during the early course of ferroptosis can provide insights for understanding the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and help the development of therapies targeting ferroptosis. However, in situ and quantitatively monitoring the quick responses of living cancer cells to ferroptosis at the single-cell level remains technically challenging. In this work, we selected HuH7 cells (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells) as a cell model and Erastin as a typical ferroptosis inducer. We utilized scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to quantitatively and in situ monitor the early course of ferroptosis in HuH7 cells by characterizing the three key parameters of cell ferroptosis (i.e., cell membrane permeability, respiratory activity, and the redox state). The SECM results show that the membrane permeability of ferroptotic HuH7 cells continuously increased from 0 to 8.1 × 10-5 m s-1, the cellular oxygen consumption was continuously reduced by half, and H2O2 released from the cells exhibited periodic bursts during the early course of ferroptosis, indicating the gradually destroyed cell membrane structure and intensified oxidative stress. Our work realizes, for the first time, the in situ and quantitative monitoring of the cell membrane permeability, respiratory activity, and H2O2 level of the early ferroptosis process of a single living cancer cell with SECM, which can contribute to the understanding of the physiological process and underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Yabei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Shuake Kuermanbayi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, P. R. China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, P. R. China
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5
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In situ monitoring reactive oxygen species released by single cells using scanning electrochemical microscopy with A Specifically designed multi-potential step waveform. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Zhang B, Pan N, Fan X, Lu L, Wang X. Real-time effects of Cd(II) on the cellular membrane permeability. Analyst 2021; 146:5973-5979. [PMID: 34499067 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00827g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane permeability is one of the main indicators of cytotoxicity and related to many critical biological pathways. Here, we determined the Cd2+-induced membrane permeability of human MCF-7 cells using ferrocene methanol molecular probes based on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The cell height and topography were examined with an impermeable Ru(NH3)6Cl3 probe. The membrane permeability exhibited no significant changes when the Cd2+ incubation time was less than 2 h and its concentration was less than 40 μM. The permeability increased when the Cd2+ concentration was greater than 60 μM, or when the incubation time was longer than 3 h. From the combined 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and cytoskeleton imaging experiments, it was found that the changes occurred because the cells exhibited a defensive mode and their membranes contracted when treated with a low concentration of Cd2+ for a short time. However, the cell membranes were irreversibly damaged when the cytoskeleton structures were destroyed, and the cell activities decreased at high concentrations over long periods. Interestingly, through the comparison with an x-scan study, it was found that DPV technology shows a higher performance in the detection of changes in the membrane permeability. Using a combination of cytoskeleton fluorescence imaging and cell-viability tests, the effect of the cadmium metal on the cell membrane permeability can be explored deeper and more comprehensively. This study provides a new idea for exploring the changes in the cell membrane permeability and may be helpful for rapid evaluation of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Na Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. .,Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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7
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Gwon HJ, Lim D, Ahn HS. Bioanalytical chemistry with scanning electrochemical microscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Gwon
- Department of Chemistry Institution: Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Donghoon Lim
- Department of Chemistry Institution: Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyun S. Ahn
- Department of Chemistry Institution: Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
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8
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Li Y, Lang J, Ye Z, Wang M, Yang Y, Guo X, Zhuang J, Zhang J, Xu F, Li F. Effect of Substrate Stiffness on Redox State of Single Cardiomyocyte: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4771-4779. [PMID: 32157867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of the phenotype and function of cardiac cells, which are strongly associated with the intracellular redox mechanism of cardiomyocytes. However, the relationship between the redox state of cardiomyocytes and their mechanical microenvironment remains elusive. In this work, we used polyacrylamide (PA) gels with varying stiffness (6.5-92.5 kPa) as the substrate to construct a mechanical microenvironment for cardiomyocytes. Then we employed scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to in situ characterize the redox state of a single cardiomyocyte in terms of the apparent rate constant (kf) of the regeneration rate of ferrocenecarboxylic by glutathione (GSH) released from cardiomyocyte, which is the most abundant reactant of intracellular reductive-oxidative metabolic cycles in cells and can represent the redox level of cardiomyocytes. The obtained SECM results show that the cardiomyocytes cultured on the stiffer substrates present lower kf values than those on the softer ones, that is, the more oxidative state of cardiomyocytes on the stiffer substrates compared to those on the softer ones. It proves the relationship between mechanical factors and the redox state of cardiomyocytes. This work can contribute to understanding the intracellular chemical process of cardiomyocytes during physiopathologic conditions. Besides, it also provides a new SECM method to in situ investigate the redox mechanism of cardiomyocytes at a single-cell level.
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9
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Balla RJ, Jantz DT, Kurapati N, Chen R, Leonard KC, Amemiya S. Nanoscale Intelligent Imaging Based on Real-Time Analysis of Approach Curve by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10227-10235. [PMID: 31310104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables high-resolution imaging by examining the amperometric response of an ultramicroelectrode tip near a substrate. Spatial resolution, however, is compromised for nonflat substrates, where distances from a tip far exceed the tip size to avoid artifacts caused by the tip-substrate contact. Herein, we propose a new imaging mode of SECM based on real-time analysis of the approach curve to actively control nanoscale tip-substrate distances without contact. The power of this software-based method is demonstrated by imaging an insulating substrate with step edges using standard instrumentation without combination of another method for distance measurement, e.g., atomic force microscopy. An ∼500 nm diameter Pt tip approaches down to ∼50 nm from upper and lower terraces of a 500 nm height step edge, which are located by real-time theoretical fitting of an experimental approach curve to ensure the lack of electrochemical reactivity. The tip approach to the step edge can be terminated at <20 nm prior to the tip-substrate contact as soon as the theory deviates from the tip current, which is analyzed numerically afterward to locate the inert edge. The advantageous local adjustment of tip height and tip current at the final point of tip approach distinguishes the proposed imaging mode from other modes based on standard instrumentation. In addition, the glass sheath of the Pt tip is thinned to ∼150 nm to rarely contact the step edge, which is unavoidable and instantaneously detected as an abrupt change in the slope of approach curve to prevent damage of the fragile nanotip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Balla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Dylan T Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Niraja Kurapati
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Kevin C Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , 1501 Wakarusa Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
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Zhou Z, Xu J, Bao X, Shi J, Liu B, Chen Y, Li J. Nuclear Nrf2 Activity in Laryngeal Carcinoma is Regulated by SENP3 After Cisplatin-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Stress. J Cancer 2019; 10:3427-3434. [PMID: 31293646 PMCID: PMC6603410 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a nuclear transcription factor that is activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies reported that hyperactivation of the Nrf2 pathway creates an environment that favors the survival of normal as well as malignant cells, protecting them against oxidative stress, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy. SUMO1/sentrin/SMT3 specific peptidase 3 (SENP3) reverses sumoylation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugates. We demonstrated that Nrf2 was detected in the nuclei of laryngeal carcinoma cells, but not in cells of tissues surrounding the cancer, which correlated with the appearance of SENP3 in the nuclei. Silencing of Nrf2 in laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2 significantly reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptosis rates under cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) exposure. Cisplatin exposure induced ROS stress in Hep-2 cells in a time-dependent manner and was accompanied by increased Nrf2 and SENP3 protein accumulations, an effect reversed by the addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Silencing of SENP3 led to reduced Nrf2 protein levels, whereas overexpression of SENP3 led to concomitant enhanced transcription of the Nrf2 target genes HO-1, NQO1, GCLC and GSTM1. Immunoprecipitation showed that overexpressed Nrf2 and SENP3 could be precipitated together, indicating that they were intracellular bound to each other. Our data identified intranuclear activation of Nrf2 is triggered by cisplatin-induced ROS development through the activity of SENP3. These findings provide novel insights into the Nrf2 reduced cancer cell response to the chemotherapy of laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Okumura S, Hirano Y, Maki Y, Komatsu Y. Analysis of time-course drug response in rat cardiomyocytes cultured on a pattern of islands. Analyst 2019; 143:4083-4089. [PMID: 30083681 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the kinetics analysis of cardiomyocyte beating using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In this study, a stage-top incubator and a capillary micropipette (MP) for delivering drugs were assembled with an SECM instrument, and the responses of rat cardiomyocytes were analyzed under a culture environment after drug stimulation. When adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was delivered to synchronously beating cardiomyocytes, the beating acceleration effect of ATP was counteracted by the synchronously beating network in the culture dish. In contrast, cardiomyocytes cultured on a pattern of islands in a culture dish showed fluctuations in the duration of beating upon the addition of ATP. We also examined the effect of the cardiotoxic agent astemizole on cardiomyocytes and successfully detected motion fluctuations. Therefore, drug stimulation via MPs and beating measurement by SECM are effective routes for the evaluation of drug candidates through the analysis of time-course beating motion fluctuations of the cardiomyocytes.
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12
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Filice F, Henderson JD, Li MSM, Ding Z. Correlating Live Cell Viability with Membrane Permeability Disruption Induced by Trivalent Chromium. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2142-2151. [PMID: 30775648 PMCID: PMC6374964 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cr(III) is often regarded as a trace essential micronutrient that can be found in many dietary supplements due to its participation in blood glucose regulation. However, increased levels of exposure have been linked to adverse health effects in living organisms. Herein, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to detect variation in membrane permeability of single cells (T24) resulting from exposure to a trivalent Cr-salt, CrCl3. By employing electrochemical mediators, ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH) and ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOO-), initially semipermeable and impermeable, respectively, complementary information was obtained. Three-dimensional COMSOL finite element analysis simulations were successfully used to quantify the permeability coefficients of each mediator by matching experimental and simulated results. Depending on the concentration of Cr(III) administered, three regions of membrane response were detected. Following exposure to low concentrations (up to 500 μM Cr(III)), their permeability coefficients were comparable to that of control cells, 80 μm/s for FcMeOH and 0 μm/s for FcCOO-. This was confirmed for both mediators. As the incubation concentrations were increased, the ability of FcMeOH to permeate the membrane decreased to a minimum of 17 μm/s at 7500 μM Cr(III), while FcCOO- remained impermeable. At the highest examined concentrations, both mediators were found to demonstrate increased membrane permeability. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability studies were also conducted on Cr(III)-treated T24 cells to correlate the SECM findings with the toxicity effects of the metal. The viability experiments revealed a similar concentration-dependent trend to the SECM cell membrane permeability study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhifeng Ding
- E-mail: . Tel: +1 519 661 2111x86161. Fax: +1 519 661
3022
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13
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Filice FP, Ding Z. Analysing single live cells by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:738-752. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) offers single live cell activities along its topography toward cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser P. Filice
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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14
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Filice FP, Li MSM, Ding Z. Simulation Assisted Nanoscale Imaging of Single Live Cells with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser P. Filice
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Michelle S. M. Li
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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Conzuelo F, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Biological imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180409. [PMID: 30839832 PMCID: PMC6237495 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and versatile technique for visualizing the local electrochemical activity of a surface as an ultramicroelectrode tip is moved towards or over a sample of interest using precise positioning systems. In comparison with other scanning probe techniques, SECM not only enables topographical surface mapping but also gathers chemical information with high spatial resolution. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of biological samples, including living cells and immobilized biomacromolecules such as enzymes, antibodies and DNA fragments. Moreover, combinations of SECM with comple-mentary analytical tools broadened its applicability and facilitated multi-functional analysis with extended life science capabilities. The aim of this review is to present a brief topical overview on recent applications of biological SECM, with particular emphasis on important technical improvements of this surface imaging technique, recommended applications and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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16
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Li Q, Huang C, Liu L, Hu R, Qu J. Enhancing Type I Photochemistry in Photodynamic Therapy Under Near Infrared Light by Using Antennae-Fullerene Complexes. Cytometry A 2018; 93:997-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
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17
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Filice FP, Li MS, Wong JM, Ding Z. The effects of long duration chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium on single live cells interrogated by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 182:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
To improve the spatial resolutions of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging, the laser-pulled submicron electrode fabrication method was explored in this work. Manual polishing of a laser-pulled Pt nanoelectrode exposed a Pt tip diameter of 250 nm with a ratio of the tip glass to exposed Pt disc (RG) of 30. This fabricated submicron probe was then utilized to study the electrochemical functionality of an independently addressable microband electrodes (IAME) sample using SECM. In the constant imaging mode of SECM, where the probe is scanned linearly across the sample at a fixed z position, SECM demonstrated higher resolution than that of the conventional micrometer electrodes when the feedback currents from the Pt and glass microbands were characterized. In addition, the depth scan imaging mode of SECM was also used to extract experimental horizontal line scans and probe approach curves for analysis. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the IAME–SECM probe experiments were explored for the first time to quantify the tip-to-sample distances, tilt angle of the sample (or electrode), and height of the Pt microbands. The experimentally characterized height was found to be similar to manufacturer specification (125 nm vs 110 nm). Furthermore, the more computationally demanding 3D simulation of the true IAME sample geometry (110 nm height of the Pt microbands) revealed minimal difference in feedback behaviours in comparison with the idealized flat geometry. The removal of this simulation complexity was proved to be sufficient for SECM analysis of the IAME sample by a 250 nm Pt probe, which greatly saves computation resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S.M. Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fraser P. Filice
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Pan R, Jiang D, Burgess JD, Chen HY. New Frontiers and Challenges for Single-Cell Electrochemical Analysis. ACS Sens 2018; 3:242-250. [PMID: 29276834 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous measurements of cell populations might obscure many important cellular differences, and new strategies for single-cell analyses are urgently needed to re-examine these fundamental biological principles for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Electrochemistry is a robust technique for the analysis of single living cells that has the advantages of minor interruption of cellular activity and provides the capability of high spatiotemporal resolution. The achievements of the past 30 years have revealed significant information about the exocytotic events of single cells to elucidate the mechanisms of cellular activity. Currently, the rapid developments of micro/nanofabrication and optoelectronic technologies drive the development of multifunctional electrodes and novel electrochemical approaches with higher resolution for single cells. In this Perspective, three new frontiers in this field, namely, electrochemical microscopy, intracellular analysis, and single-cell analysis in a biological system (i.e., neocortex and retina), are reviewed. The unique features and remaining challenges of these techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- The
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- The
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - James D. Burgess
- Department
of Medical Laboratory, Imaging, and Radiologic Sciences, College of
Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
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20
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Henderson JD, Filice FP, Li MSM, Ding Z. Tracking Live-Cell Response to Hexavalent Chromium Toxicity by using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario N6 A 5B7 Canada
| | - Fraser P. Filice
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario N6 A 5B7 Canada
| | - Michelle S. M. Li
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario N6 A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario N6 A 5B7 Canada
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21
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Prylutska S, Politenkova S, Afanasieva K, Korolovych V, Bogutska K, Sivolob A, Skivka L, Evstigneev M, Kostjukov V, Prylutskyy Y, Ritter U. A nanocomplex of C 60 fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1494-1501. [PMID: 28900603 PMCID: PMC5530603 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-organization of C60 fullerene and cisplatin in aqueous solution was investigated using the computer simulation, dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy techniques. The results evidence the complexation between the two compounds. The genotoxicity of С60 fullerene, Cis and their complex was evaluated in vitro with the comet assay using human resting lymphocytes and lymphocytes after blast transformation. The cytotoxicity of the mentioned compounds was estimated by Annexin V/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry. The results clearly demonstrate that water-soluble C60 fullerene nanoparticles (0.1 mg/mL) do not induce DNA strand breaks in normal and transformed cells. C60 fullerene in the mixture with Cis does not influence genotoxic Cis activity in vitro, affects the cell-death mode in treated resting human lymphocytes and reduces the fraction of necrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Prylutska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Politenkova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Afanasieva
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Korolovych
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kateryna Bogutska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Sivolob
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Skivka
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maxim Evstigneev
- Belgorod State University, Pobedy Str. 85, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Department of Physics, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol 299053, Crimea
| | - Viktor Kostjukov
- Department of Physics, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol 299053, Crimea
| | - Yuriy Prylutskyy
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Technical University of Ilmenau, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Weimarer Str., 25, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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22
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Bondarenko A, Lin TE, Stupar P, Lesch A, Cortés-Salazar F, Girault HH, Pick H. Fixation and Permeabilization Approaches for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Living Cells. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11436-11443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bondarenko
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Petar Stupar
- Laboratory of the
Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie
Physique et Analytique, EPFL Valais Wallis, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Laboratory of
Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
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25
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Li MS, Filice FP, Ding Z. Determining live cell topography by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Henderson JD, Filice FP, Li MS, Ding Z. Tracking live cell response to cadmium (II) concentrations by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 158:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Zhang MN, Ding Z, Long YT. Sensing cisplatin-induced permeation of single live human bladder cancer cells by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2016; 140:6054-60. [PMID: 26194058 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer agent, which was believed to trigger apoptosis of cancer cells by forming DNA adducts. However, recent studies evidenced a cisplatin-induced extrinsic apoptotic pathway through interaction with plasma membranes. We present quantitative time-course imaging of cisplatin-induced permeation of ferrocenemethanol to single live human bladder cancer cells (T24) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Simultaneous quantification of cellular topography and membrane permeability was realized by running SECM in the depth scan mode. It was demonstrated that the acute addition of cisplatin to the outer environment of T24 cells immediately induced membrane permeability change in 5 min, which indicated a loosened structure of the cellular membrane upon cisplatin dosage. The cisplatin-induced permeation of T24 cells might be a one-step action, an extrinsic mechanism, since the cell response was quick, and no continuous increase in the membrane permeability was observed. The time-lapse SECM depth scan method provided a simple and facile way of monitoring cisplatin-induced membrane permeability changes. Our study is anticipated to lead to a methodology of screening anti-cancer drugs through their interactions with live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ni Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7.
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28
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Filice FP, Li MSM, Henderson JD, Ding Z. Mapping Cd²⁺-induced membrane permeability changes of single live cells by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 908:85-94. [PMID: 26826690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) is a powerful, non-invasive, analytical methodology that can be used to investigate live cell membrane permeability. Depth scan SECM imaging allowed for the generation of 2D current maps of live cells relative to electrode position in the x-z or y-z plane. Depending on resolution, one depth scan image can contain hundreds of probe approach curves (PACs). Individual PACs were obtained by simply extracting vertical cross-sections from the 2D image. These experimental PACs were overlaid onto theoretically generated PACs simulated at specific geometry conditions. Simulations were carried out using 3D models in COMSOL Multiphysics to determine the cell membrane permeability coefficients at different locations on the surface of the cells. Common in literature, theoretical PACs are generated using a 2D axially symmetric geometry. This saves on both compute time and memory utilization. However, due to symmetry limitations of the model, only one experimental PAC right above the cell can be matched with simulated PAC data. Full 3D models in this article were developed for the SECM system of live cells, allowing all experimental PACs over the entire cell to become usable. Cd(2+)-induced membrane permeability changes of single human bladder (T24) cells were investigated at several positions above the cell, displaced from the central axis. The experimental T24 cells under study were incubated with Cd(2+) in varying concentrations. It is experimentally observed that 50 and 100 μM Cd(2+) caused a decrease in membrane permeability, which was uniform across all locations over the cell regardless of Cd(2+) concentration. The Cd(2+) was found to have detrimental effects on the cell, with cells shrinking in size and volume, and the membrane permeability decreasing. A mapping technique for the analysis of the cell membrane permeability under the Cd(2+) stress is realized by the methodology presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser P Filice
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Michelle S M Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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29
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Stockmann TJ, Noël JM, Ristori S, Combellas C, Abou-Hassan A, Rossi F, Kanoufi F. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction: How Confined Oscillations Reveal Short Lived Radicals and Auto-Catalytic Species. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9621-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jane Stockmann
- Sorbonne Paris
Cité, Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation
et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 Rue J.A. Baif, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Sorbonne Paris
Cité, Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation
et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 Rue J.A. Baif, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Ristori
- Department of Earth Sciences & CSGI, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris
Cité, Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation
et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 Rue J.A. Baif, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ali Abou-Hassan
- Université
Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire Physico-chimie des Electrolytes
et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, CNRS-UMR 8234, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris
Cité, Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation
et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 Rue J.A. Baif, 75013 Paris, France
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30
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Matsumae Y, Takahashi Y, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Electrochemical monitoring of intracellular enzyme activity of single living mammalian cells by using a double-mediator system. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 842:20-6. [PMID: 25127647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluated the intracellular NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) activity of single HeLa cells by using the menadione-ferrocyanide double-mediator system combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The double-mediator system was used to amplify the current response from the intracellular NQO activity and to reduce menadione-induced cell damage. The electron shuttle between the electrode and menadione was mediated by the ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple. Generation of ferrocyanide was observed immediately after the addition of a lower concentration (10 μM) of menadione. The ferrocyanide generation rate was constant for 120 min. At a higher menadione concentration (100 μM), the ferrocyanide generation rate decreased within 30 min because of the cytotoxic effect of menadione. We also investigated the relationship between intracellular reactive oxygen species or glutathione levels and exposure to different menadione concentrations to determine the optimal condition for SECM with minimal invasiveness. The present study clearly demonstrates that SECM is useful for the analysis of intracellular enzymatic activities in single cells with a double-mediator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Matsumae
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki 6-6-11-605, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki 6-6-11-605, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki 6-6-11-605, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki 6-6-11-605, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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31
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Li MSM, Filice FP, Ding Z. A time course study of cadmium effect on membrane permeability of single human bladder cancer cells using scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 136:177-83. [PMID: 24656893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cd(2+) is carcinogenic to both humans and experimental animals. We present quantitative time-course imaging of Cd(2+)-induced variation in the membrane permeability of single live human bladder cancer cells (T24) to ferrocenemethanol using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). High temporal resolution combined with non-invasive nature renders a time-lapse SECM depth scan, a promising method to quantitatively investigate the effectiveness, kinetics, and mechanism of metal ions based on the responses of single live cells in real time. Under unstimulated conditions, T24 cells have constant membrane permeability to ferrocenemethanol of approximately 5.0×10(-5) m/s. When cadmium is added in-situ to T24 cells, the membrane permeability increases up to 3.5×10(-4) m/s, allowing more flux of ferrocenemethanol to the ultramicroelectrode tip. This suggests an increased spreading between the phospholipid heads in the cytoplasmic membrane. Membrane permeability might be used as a measure to probe cell status in practical intoxication cases. The methodology reported here can be applied to many other metals and their interactions with extracellular biomolecules, leading insights into cell physiology and pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S M Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fraser P Filice
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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32
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Kuss S, Kuss C, Trinh D, Schougaard SB, Mauzeroll J. Forced convection during scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging over living cells: Effect of topographies and kinetics on the microelectrode current. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Salamifar SE, Lai RY. Use of combined scanning electrochemical and fluorescence microscopy for detection of reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9417-21. [PMID: 24044675 DOI: 10.1021/ac402367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Release of ROS from prostate cancer (PC3) cells was studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and fluorescence microscopy. One-directional lateral scan SECM was used as a rapid and reproducible tool for simultaneous mapping of cell topography and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Fluorescence microscopy was used in tandem to monitor the tip position, in addition to providing information on intracellular ROS content via the use of ROS-reactive fluorescent dyes. A unique tip current (iT) vs lateral distance profile was observed when the tip potential (ET) was set at -0.65 V. This profile reflects the combined effects of topographical change and ROS release at the PC3 cell surfaces. Differentiation between topographical-related and ROS-induced current change was achieved by comparing the scans collected at -0.65 and -0.85 V. The effects of other parameters such as tip to cell distance, solvent oxygen content, and scan direction on the profile of the scan were systematically evaluated. Cells treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a known ROS stimulus, were also evaluated using the lateral scanning approach. Overall, the SECM results correlate well with the fluorescence results. The extracellular ROS level detected at the SECM tip was found to be similar to the intracellular ROS level monitored using fluorescence microscopy. While the concentration of each contributing ROS species has not been determined and is thus part of the future study, here we have successfully demonstrated the use of a simple two-potential lateral scan approach for analysis of ROS released by living cells under real physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ehsan Salamifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Matsumae Y, Arai T, Takahashi Y, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Evaluation of the differentiation status of single embryonic stem cells using scanning electrochemical microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6498-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nebel M, Grützke S, Diab N, Schulte A, Schuhmann W. Microelectrochemical visualization of oxygen consumption of single living cells. Faraday Discuss 2013; 164:19-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trouillon R, Passarelli MK, Wang J, Kurczy ME, Ewing AG. Chemical Analysis of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2012; 85:522-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303290s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Trouillon
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa K. Passarelli
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chalmers University, Department of Chemistry
and Biological Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang MMN, Long YT, Ding Z. Filming a live cell by scanning electrochemical microscopy: label-free imaging of the dynamic morphology in real time. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:20. [PMID: 22436305 PMCID: PMC3338092 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of a live cell reflects the organization of the cytoskeleton and the healthy status of the cell. We established a label-free platform for monitoring the changing morphology of live cells in real time based on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The dynamic morphology of a live human bladder cancer cell (T24) was revealed by time-lapse SECM with dissolved oxygen in the medium solution as the redox mediator. Detailed local movements of cell membrane were presented by time-lapse cross section lines extracted from time-lapse SECM. Vivid dynamic morphology is presented by a movie made of time-lapse SECM images. The morphological change of the T24 cell by non-physiological temperature is in consistence with the morphological feature of early apoptosis. To obtain dynamic cellular morphology with other methods is difficult. The non-invasive nature of SECM combined with high resolution realized filming the movements of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meng-Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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