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Luther P, Boyle AL. Differences in heavy metal binding to cysteine-containing coiled-coil peptides. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3549. [PMID: 37828738 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
One third of all structurally characterised proteins contain a metal; however, the interplay between metal-binding and peptide/protein folding has yet to be fully elucidated. To better understand how metal binding affects peptide folding, a range of metals should be studied within a specific scaffold. To this end, we modified a histidine-containing coiled-coil peptide to create a cysteine-containing scaffold, named CX3C, which was designed to bind heavy metal ions. In addition, we generated a peptide named CX2C, which contains a binding site more commonly found in natural proteins. Using a combination of analytical techniques including circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS), we examined the differences in the metal-binding properties of the two peptides. Both peptides are largely unfolded in the apo state due to the disruption of the hydrophobic core by inclusion of the polar cysteine residues. However, this unfolding is overcome by the addition of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II), and helical assemblies are formed. Both peptides have differing affinities for these metal ions, a fact likely attributed to the differing sizes of the ions. We also show that the oligomerisation state of the peptide complexes and the coordination geometries of the metal ions differ between the two peptide scaffolds. These findings highlight that subtle changes in the primary structure of a peptide can have considerable implications for metal binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prianka Luther
- Macromolecular Biochemistry Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Macromolecular Biochemistry Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Prasad P, Hunt LA, Pall AE, Ranasinghe M, Williams AE, Stemmler TL, Demeler B, Hammer NI, Chakraborty S. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by a De Novo Designed Metalloprotein that Undergoes Ni-Mediated Oligomerization Shift. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202902. [PMID: 36440875 PMCID: PMC10308963 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
De novo metalloprotein design involves the construction of proteins guided by specific repeat patterns of polar and apolar residues, which, upon self-assembly, provide a suitable environment to bind metals and produce artificial metalloenzymes. While a wide range of functionalities have been realized in de novo designed metalloproteins, the functional repertoire of such constructs towards alternative energy-relevant catalysis is currently limited. Here we show the application of de novo approach to design a functional H2 evolving protein. The design involved the assembly of an amphiphilic peptide featuring cysteines at tandem a/d sites of each helix. Intriguingly, upon NiII addition, the oligomers shift from a major trimeric assembly to a mix of dimers and trimers. The metalloprotein produced H2 photocatalytically with a bell-shape pH dependence, having a maximum activity at pH 5.5. Transient absorption spectroscopy is used to determine the timescales of electron transfer as a function of pH. Selective outer sphere mutations are made to probe how the local environment tunes activity. A preferential enhancement of activity is observed via steric modulation above the NiII site, towards the N-termini, compared to below the NiII site towards the C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 (USA)
| | - Leigh Anna Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 (USA)
| | - Ashley E. Pall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201-2417 (USA)
| | - Maduni Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401,University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5 (CA)
| | - Ashley E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 (USA)
| | - Timothy L. Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201-2417 (USA)
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401,University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5 (CA)
| | - Nathan I. Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 (USA)
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677 (USA)
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3
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Jorgensen MD, Chmielewski J. Recent advances in coiled-coil peptide materials and their biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11625-11636. [PMID: 36172799 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04434j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has gone into deciphering the sequence requirements for peptides to fold into coiled-coils of varying oligomeric states. More recently, additional signals have been introduced within coiled-coils to promote higher order assembly into biomaterials with a rich distribution of morphologies. Herein we describe these strategies for association of coiled-coil building blocks and biomedical applications. With many of the systems described herein having proven use in protein storage, cargo binding and delivery, three dimensional cell culturing and vaccine development, the future potential of coiled-coil materials to have significant biomedical impact is highly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jorgensen
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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4
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5
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Jung SM, Lee J, Song WJ. Design of artificial metalloenzymes with multiple inorganic elements: The more the merrier. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111552. [PMID: 34332336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of metalloenzymes harbors multiple metal-centers that are electronically and/or functionally arranged within their proteinaceous environments. To explore the orchestration of inorganic and biochemical components and to develop bioinorganic catalysts and materials, we have described selected examples of artificial metalloproteins having multiple metallocofactors that were grouped depending on their initial protein scaffolds, the nature of introduced inorganic moieties, and the method used to propagate the number of metal ions within a protein. They demonstrated that diverse inorganic moieties can be selectively grafted and modulated in protein environments, providing a retrosynthetic bottom-up approach in the design of versatile and proficient biocatalysts and biomimetic model systems to explore fundamental questions in bioinorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Jung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Abstract
We describe the de novo design of an allosterically regulated protein, which comprises two tightly coupled domains. One domain is based on the DF (Due Ferri in Italian or two-iron in English) family of de novo proteins, which have a diiron cofactor that catalyzes a phenol oxidase reaction, while the second domain is based on PS1 (Porphyrin-binding Sequence), which binds a synthetic Zn-porphyrin (ZnP). The binding of ZnP to the original PS1 protein induces changes in structure and dynamics, which we expected to influence the catalytic rate of a fused DF domain when appropriately coupled. Both DF and PS1 are four-helix bundles, but they have distinct bundle architectures. To achieve tight coupling between the domains, they were connected by four helical linkers using a computational method to discover the most designable connections capable of spanning the two architectures. The resulting protein, DFP1 (Due Ferri Porphyrin), bound the two cofactors in the expected manner. The crystal structure of fully reconstituted DFP1 was also in excellent agreement with the design, and it showed the ZnP cofactor bound over 12 Å from the dimetal center. Next, a substrate-binding cleft leading to the diiron center was introduced into DFP1. The resulting protein acts as an allosterically modulated phenol oxidase. Its Michaelis-Menten parameters were strongly affected by the binding of ZnP, resulting in a fourfold tighter K m and a 7-fold decrease in k cat These studies establish the feasibility of designing allosterically regulated catalytic proteins, entirely from scratch.
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Huang R, Ding Z, Jiang BP, Luo Z, Chen T, Guo Z, Ji SC, Liang H, Shen XC. Artificial Metalloprotein Nanoanalogues: In Situ Catalytic Production of Oxygen to Enhance Photoimmunotherapeutic Inhibition of Primary and Abscopal Tumor Growth. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004345. [PMID: 33089606 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) has shown enormous potential in not only eliminating primary tumors, but also inhibiting abscopal tumor growth. However, the efficacy of PIT is greatly limited by tumor hypoxia, which causes the attenuation of phototherapeutic efficacy and is a feature of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, one type of brand-new artificial metalloprotein nanoanalogues is developed via reasonable integration of a "phototherapy-enzymatic" RuO2 and a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) for enhanced PIT of cancers, namely, RuO2 -hybridized OVA nanoanalogues (RuO2 @OVA NAs). The RuO2 @OVA NAs exhibit remarkable photothermal/photodynamic capabilities under the near-infrared light irradiation. More importantly, the photoacoustic imaging and immunofluorescence staining confirm that RuO2 @OVA NAs can remarkably alleviate hypoxia via in situ catalysis of hydrogen peroxide overexpressed in the TME to produce oxygen (O2 ). This ushers a prospect of concurrently enhancing photodynamic therapy and reversing the immunosuppressive TME. Also, OVA, as a supplement to the immune stimulation induced by phototherapy, can activate immune responses. Finally, further combination with the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 checkpoint blockade is reported to effectively eliminate the primary tumor and inhibit distant tumor growth via the abscopal effect of antitumor immune responses, prolonging the survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zilan Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chen Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
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Boyle AL, Rabe M, Crone NSA, Rhys GG, Soler N, Voskamp P, Pannu NS, Kros A. Selective coordination of three transition metal ions within a coiled-coil peptide scaffold. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7456-7465. [PMID: 31489168 PMCID: PMC6713864 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing peptides that fold and assemble in response to metal ions tests our understanding of how peptide folding and metal binding influence one another. Here, histidine residues are introduced into the hydrophobic core of a coiled-coil trimer, generating a peptide that self-assembles upon the addition of metal ions. HisAD, the resulting peptide, is unstructured in the absence of metal and folds selectively to form an α-helical construct upon complexation with Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) but not Co(ii) or Zn(ii). The structure, and metal-binding ability, of HisAD is probed using a combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. These show the peptide is trimeric and binds to both Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) in a 1 : 1 ratio with the histidine residues involved in the metal coordination, as designed. The X-ray crystal structure of the HisAD-Cu(ii) complex reveals the trimeric HisAD peptide coordinates three Cu(ii) ions; this is the first example of such a structure. Additionally, HisAD demonstrates an unprecedented discrimination between transition metal ions, the basis of which is likely to be related to the stability of the peptide-metal complexes formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Boyle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Martin Rabe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Straße 1 , 40237 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Niek S A Crone
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Guto G Rhys
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Nicolas Soler
- Structural Biology Unit , Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC) , Baldiri Reixac 15 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Patrick Voskamp
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Navraj S Pannu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Alexander Kros
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands .
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9
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Lin YW. Rational Design of Artificial Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes with Metal Clusters. Molecules 2019; 24:E2743. [PMID: 31362341 PMCID: PMC6696605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteins and metalloenzymes play important roles in biological systems by using the limited metal ions, complexes, and clusters that are associated with the protein matrix. The design of artificial metalloproteins and metalloenzymes not only reveals the structure and function relationship of natural proteins, but also enables the synthesis of artificial proteins and enzymes with improved properties and functions. Acknowledging the progress in rational design from single to multiple active sites, this review focuses on recent achievements in the design of artificial metalloproteins and metalloenzymes with metal clusters, including zinc clusters, cadmium clusters, iron-sulfur clusters, and copper-sulfur clusters, as well as noble metal clusters and others. These metal clusters were designed in both native and de novo protein scaffolds for structural roles, electron transfer, or catalysis. Some synthetic metal clusters as functional models of native enzymes are also discussed. These achievements provide valuable insights for deep understanding of the natural proteins and enzymes, and practical clues for the further design of artificial enzymes with functions comparable or even beyond those of natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Laboratory of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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10
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Lombardi A, Pirro F, Maglio O, Chino M, DeGrado WF. De Novo Design of Four-Helix Bundle Metalloproteins: One Scaffold, Diverse Reactivities. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1148-1159. [PMID: 30973707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
De novo protein design represents an attractive approach for testing and extending our understanding of metalloprotein structure and function. Here, we describe our work on the design of DF (Due Ferri or two-iron in Italian), a minimalist model for the active sites of much larger and more complex natural diiron and dimanganese proteins. In nature, diiron and dimanganese proteins protypically bind their ions in 4-Glu, 2-His environments, and they catalyze diverse reactions, ranging from hydrolysis, to O2-dependent chemistry, to decarbonylation of aldehydes. In the design of DF, the position of each atom-including the backbone, the first-shell ligands, the second-shell hydrogen-bonded groups, and the well-packed hydrophobic core-was bespoke using precise mathematical equations and chemical principles. The first member of the DF family was designed to be of minimal size and complexity and yet to display the quintessential elements required for binding the dimetal cofactor. After thoroughly characterizing its structural, dynamic, spectroscopic, and functional properties, we added additional complexity in a rational stepwise manner to achieve increasingly sophisticated catalytic functions, ultimately demonstrating substrate-gated four-electron reduction of O2 to water. We also briefly describe the extension of these studies to the design of proteins that bind nonbiological metal cofactors (a synthetic porphyrin and a tetranuclear cluster), and a Zn2+/proton antiporting membrane protein. Together these studies demonstrate a successful and generally applicable strategy for de novo metalloprotein design, which might indeed mimic the process by which primordial metalloproteins evolved. We began the design process with a highly symmetrical backbone and binding site, by using point-group symmetry to assemble the secondary structures that position the amino acid side chains required for binding. The resulting models provided a rough starting point and initial parameters for the subsequent precise design of the final protein using modern methods of computational protein design. Unless the desired site is itself symmetrical, this process requires reduction of the symmetry or lifting it altogether. Nevertheless, the initial symmetrical structure can be helpful to restrain the search space during assembly of the backbone. Finally, the methods described here should be generally applicable to the design of highly stable and robust catalysts and sensors. There is considerable potential in combining the efficiency and knowledge base associated with homogeneous metal catalysis with the programmability, biocompatibility, and versatility of proteins. While the work reported here focuses on testing and learning the principles of natural metalloproteins by designing and studying proteins one at a time, there is also considerable potential for using designed proteins that incorporate both biological and nonbiological metal ion cofactors for the evolution of novel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Pirro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, United States
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- IBB, National Research Council, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, United States
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Aires A, Llarena I, Moller M, Castro‐Smirnov J, Cabanillas‐Gonzalez J, Cortajarena AL. A Simple Approach to Design Proteins for the Sustainable Synthesis of Metal Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Aires
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián Paseo Miramón 182 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Irantzu Llarena
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián Paseo Miramón 182 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Marco Moller
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián Paseo Miramón 182 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | | | | | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián Paseo Miramón 182 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Ma Díaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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12
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Aires A, Llarena I, Moller M, Castro‐Smirnov J, Cabanillas‐Gonzalez J, Cortajarena AL. A Simple Approach to Design Proteins for the Sustainable Synthesis of Metal Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6214-6219. [PMID: 30875448 PMCID: PMC6617723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are considered ideal nanomaterials for biological applications owing to their strong photoluminescence (PL), excellent photostability, and good biocompatibility. This study presents a simple and versatile strategy to design proteins, via incorporation of a di-histidine cluster coordination site, for the sustainable synthesis and stabilization of metal NCs with different metal composition. The resulting protein-stabilized metal NCs (Prot-NCs) of gold, silver, and copper are highly photoluminescent and photostable, have a long shelf life, and are stable under physiological conditions. The biocompatibility of the clusters was demonstrated in cell cultures in which Prot-NCs showed efficient cell internalization without affecting cell viability or losing luminescence. Moreover, the approach is translatable to other proteins to obtain Prot-NCs for various biomedical applications such as cell imaging or labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Aires
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San SebastiánPaseo Miramón 18220014Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Irantzu Llarena
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San SebastiánPaseo Miramón 18220014Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | - Marco Moller
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San SebastiánPaseo Miramón 18220014Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
| | | | | | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San SebastiánPaseo Miramón 18220014Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceM Díaz de Haro 348013BilbaoSpain
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13
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Chino M, Zhang SQ, Pirro F, Leone L, Maglio O, Lombardi A, DeGrado WF. Spectroscopic and metal binding properties of a de novo metalloprotein binding a tetrazinc cluster. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23339. [PMID: 30203532 PMCID: PMC6218314 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
De novo design provides an attractive approach, which allows one to test and refine the principles guiding metalloproteins in defining the geometry and reactivity of their metal ion cofactors. Although impressive progress has been made in designing proteins that bind transition metal ions including iron-sulfur clusters, the design of tetranuclear clusters with oxygen-rich environments remains in its infancy. In previous work, we described the design of homotetrameric four-helix bundles that bind tetra-Zn2+ clusters. The crystal structures of the helical proteins were in good agreement with the overall design, and the metal-binding and conformational properties of the helical bundles in solution were consistent with the crystal structures. However, the corresponding apo-proteins were not fully folded in solution. In this work, we design three peptides, based on the crystal structure of the original bundles. One of the peptides forms tetramers in aqueous solution in the absence of metal ions as assessed by CD and NMR. It also binds Zn2+ in the intended stoichiometry. These studies strongly suggest that the desired structure has been achieved in the apo state, providing evidence that the peptide is able to actively impart the designed geometry to the metal cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Shao-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396, United States
| | - Fabio Pirro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
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14
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Zhang SQ, Chino M, Liu L, Tang Y, Hu X, DeGrado WF, Lombardi A. De Novo Design of Tetranuclear Transition Metal Clusters Stabilized by Hydrogen-Bonded Networks in Helical Bundles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1294-1304. [PMID: 29249157 PMCID: PMC5860638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
De novo design provides an attractive approach to test the mechanism by which metalloproteins define the geometry and reactivity of their metal ion cofactors. While there has been considerable progress in designing proteins that bind transition metal ions including iron-sulfur clusters, the design of tetranuclear clusters with oxygen-rich environments has not been accomplished. Here, we describe the design of tetranuclear clusters, consisting of four Zn2+ and four carboxylate oxygens situated at the vertices of a distorted cube-like structure. The tetra-Zn2+ clusters are bound at a buried site within a four-helix bundle, with each helix donating a single carboxylate (Glu or Asp) and imidazole (His) ligand, as well as second- and third-shell ligands. Overall, the designed site consists of four Zn2+ and 16 polar side chains in a fully connected hydrogen-bonded network. The designed proteins have apolar cores at the top and bottom of the bundle, which drive the assembly of the liganding residues near the center of the bundle. The steric bulk of the apolar residues surrounding the binding site was varied to determine how subtle changes in helix-helix packing affect the binding site. The crystal structures of two of four proteins synthesized were in good agreement with the overall design; both formed a distorted cuboidal site stabilized by flanking second- and third-shell interactions that stabilize the primary ligands. A third structure bound a single Zn2+ in an unanticipated geometry, and the fourth bound multiple Zn2+ at multiple sites at partial occupancy. The metal-binding and conformational properties of the helical bundles in solution, probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, and NMR, were consistent with the crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
- DLX Scientific, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - Youzhi Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaozhen Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia, 46, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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15
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Olson TL, Espiritu E, Edwardraja S, Canarie E, Flores M, Williams JC, Ghirlanda G, Allen JP. Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of dinuclear Mn-sites in artificial four-helix bundle proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:945-954. [PMID: 28882760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To better understand metalloproteins with Mn-clusters, we have designed artificial four-helix bundles to have one, two, or three dinuclear metal centers able to bind Mn(II). Circular dichroism measurements showed that the Mn-proteins have substantial α-helix content, and analysis of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra is consistent with the designed number of bound Mn-clusters. The Mn-proteins were shown to catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen. The loss of hydrogen peroxide was dependent upon the concentration of protein with bound Mn, with the proteins containing multiple Mn-clusters showing greater activity. Using an oxygen sensor, the oxygen concentration was found to increase with a rate up to 0.4μM/min, which was dependent upon the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and the Mn-protein. In addition, the Mn-proteins were shown to serve as electron donors to bacterial reaction centers using optical spectroscopy. Similar binding of the Mn-proteins to reaction centers was observed with an average dissociation constant of 2.3μM. The Mn-proteins with three metal centers were more effective at this electron transfer reaction than the Mn-proteins with one or two metal centers. Thus, multiple Mn-clusters can be incorporated into four-helix bundles with the capability of performing catalysis and electron transfer to a natural protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien L Olson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Eduardo Espiritu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Canarie
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Marco Flores
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - JoAnn C Williams
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - Giovanna Ghirlanda
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA
| | - James P Allen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.
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16
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Hansen WA, Khare SD. Benchmarking a computational design method for the incorporation of metal ion-binding sites at symmetric protein interfaces. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1584-1594. [PMID: 28513090 PMCID: PMC5521545 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The design of novel metal-ion binding sites along symmetric axes in protein oligomers could provide new avenues for metalloenzyme design, construction of protein-based nanomaterials and novel ion transport systems. Here, we describe a computational design method, symmetric protein recursive ion-cofactor sampling (SyPRIS), for locating constellations of backbone positions within oligomeric protein structures that are capable of supporting desired symmetrically coordinated metal ion(s) chelated by sidechains (chelant model). Using SyPRIS on a curated benchmark set of protein structures with symmetric metal binding sites, we found high recovery of native metal coordinating rotamers: in 65 of the 67 (97.0%) cases, native rotamers featured in the best scoring model while in the remaining cases native rotamers were found within the top three scoring models. In a second test, chelant models were crossmatched against protein structures with identical cyclic symmetry. In addition to recovering all native placements, 10.4% (8939/86013) of the non-native placements, had acceptable geometric compatibility scores. Discrimination between native and non-native metal site placements was further enhanced upon constrained energy minimization using the Rosetta energy function. Upon sequence design of the surrounding first-shell residues, we found further stabilization of native placements and a small but significant (1.7%) number of non-native placement-based sites with favorable Rosetta energies, indicating their designability in existing protein interfaces. The generality of the SyPRIS approach allows design of novel symmetric metal sites including with non-natural amino acid sidechains, and should enable the predictive incorporation of a variety of metal-containing cofactors at symmetric protein interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Hansen
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine at Rutgers610 Taylor RoadPiscatawayNew Jersey08854
- Center for integrative Proteomics Research610 Taylor RoadPiscatawayNew Jersey08854
| | - Sagar D. Khare
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine at Rutgers610 Taylor RoadPiscatawayNew Jersey08854
- Center for integrative Proteomics Research610 Taylor RoadPiscatawayNew Jersey08854
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Rutgers610 Taylor RoadPiscatawayNew Jersey08854
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17
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18
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Gregersen S, Vosch T, Jensen KJ. Peptide-Stabilized, Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters: Solid-Phase Synthesis and Screening. Chemistry 2016; 22:18492-18500. [PMID: 27809363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Few-atom silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) can exhibit strong fluorescence; however, they require ligands to prevent aggregation into larger nanoparticles. Fluorescent AgNCs in biopolymer scaffolds have so far mainly been synthesized in solution, and peptides have only found limited use compared to DNA. Herein, we demonstrate how solid-phase methods can increase throughput dramatically in peptide ligand screening and in initial evaluation of fluorescence intensity and chemical stability of peptide-stabilized AgNCs (P-AgNCs). 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis on a hydroxymethyl-benzoic acid (HMBA) polyethylene glycol polyacrylamide copolymer (PEGA) resin enabled on-resin screening and evaluation of a peptide library, leading to identification of novel peptide-stabilized, fluorescent AgNCs. Using systematic amino acid substitutions, we synthesized and screened a 144-member library. This allowed us to evaluate the effect of length, charge, and Cys content in peptides used as ligands for AgNC stabilization. The results of this study will enable future spectroscopic studies of these peptide-stabilized AgNCs for bioimaging and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gregersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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19
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Recent advances in designed coiled coils and helical bundles with inorganic prosthetic groups — from structural to functional applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:160-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Nanda V, Senn S, Pike DH, Rodriguez-Granillo A, Hansen WA, Khare SD, Noy D. Structural principles for computational and de novo design of 4Fe-4S metalloproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:531-538. [PMID: 26449207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur centers in metalloproteins can access multiple oxidation states over a broad range of potentials, allowing them to participate in a variety of electron transfer reactions and serving as catalysts for high-energy redox processes. The nitrogenase FeMoCO cluster converts di-nitrogen to ammonia in an eight-electron transfer step. The 2(Fe4S4) containing bacterial ferredoxin is an evolutionarily ancient metalloprotein fold and is thought to be a primordial progenitor of extant oxidoreductases. Controlling chemical transformations mediated by iron-sulfur centers such as nitrogen fixation, hydrogen production as well as electron transfer reactions involved in photosynthesis are of tremendous importance for sustainable chemistry and energy production initiatives. As such, there is significant interest in the design of iron-sulfur proteins as minimal models to gain fundamental understanding of complex natural systems and as lead-molecules for industrial and energy applications. Herein, we discuss salient structural characteristics of natural iron-sulfur proteins and how they guide principles for design. Model structures of past designs are analyzed in the context of these principles and potential directions for enhanced designs are presented, and new areas of iron-sulfur protein design are proposed. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Biodesign for Bioenergetics--the design and engineering of electronic transfer cofactors, protein networks, edited by Ronald L. Koder and J.L Ross Anderson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Stefan Senn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Douglas H Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Agustina Rodriguez-Granillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Will A Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Integrated Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sagar D Khare
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Integrated Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dror Noy
- Bioenergetics and Protein Design Laboratory, Migal - Galilee Research Institute, South Industrial Zone, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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21
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Zhang L, Wang X, Zou J, Liu Y, Wang J. DMSA-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Greatly Affect the Expression of Genes Coding Cysteine-Rich Proteins by Their DMSA Coating. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1961-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinglu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yingxun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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22
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Liu Q, Wang J, Dong YD, Boyd BJ. Using a selective cadmium-binding peplipid to create responsive liquid crystalline nanomaterials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Su JX, Shen YY, Ren F, Lv ZF, Li XC, Lin ZJ, Chao HY. Dinuclear cadmium(II) thiolate complexes bearing urea groups: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties and anion binding studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Gao Q, Qin Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Li H, Wu B, Li Y, Li W. Cubane-type {M4O4} (M = CoII, ZnII, CuII) clusters: synthesis, crystal structures, and luminescent and magnetic properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04868k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three cubane-type {M4O4} clusters were synthesized and characterized. Their luminescent and magnetic properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yaru Qin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Wu Li
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining 810008
- China
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25
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Sontz PA, Song WJ, Tezcan FA. Interfacial metal coordination in engineered protein and peptide assemblies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 19:42-9. [PMID: 24780278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions are frequently found in natural protein-protein interfaces, where they stabilize quaternary or supramolecular protein structures, mediate transient protein-protein interactions, and serve as catalytic centers. Paralleling these natural roles, coordination chemistry of metal ions is being increasingly utilized in creative ways toward engineering and controlling the assembly of functional supramolecular peptide and protein architectures. Here we provide a brief overview of this emerging branch of metalloprotein/peptide engineering and highlight a few select examples from the recent literature that best capture the diversity and future potential of approaches that are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Sontz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - F Akif Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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26
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Incorporating metals into de novo proteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:934-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Morozov VA, Ogawa MY. Controlled Formation of Emissive Silver Nanoclusters Using Rationally Designed Metal-Binding Proteins. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9166-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400760v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Morozov
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United
States
| | - Michael Y. Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United
States
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