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El Khoury Y, Le Breton G, Cunha AV, Jansen TLC, van Wilderen LJGW, Bredenbeck J. Lessons from combined experimental and theoretical examination of the FTIR and 2D-IR spectroelectrochemistry of the amide I region of cytochrome c. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124201. [PMID: 33810651 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amide I difference spectroscopy is widely used to investigate protein function and structure changes. In this article, we show that the common approach of assigning features in amide I difference signals to distinct secondary structure elements in many cases may not be justified. Evidence comes from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 2D-IR spectroelectrochemistry of the protein cytochrome c in the amide I range, in combination with computational spectroscopy based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This combination reveals that each secondary structure unit, such as an alpha-helix or a beta-sheet, exhibits broad overlapping contributions, usually spanning a large part of the amide I region, which in the case of difference absorption experiments (such as in FTIR spectroelectrochemistry) may lead to intensity-compensating and even sign-changing contributions. We use cytochrome c as the test case, as this small electron-transferring redox-active protein contains different kinds of secondary structure units. Upon switching its redox-state, the protein exhibits a different charge distribution while largely retaining its structural scaffold. Our theoretical analysis suggests that the change in charge distribution contributes to the spectral changes and that structural changes are small. However, in order to confidently interpret FTIR amide I difference signals in cytochrome c and proteins in general, MD simulations in combination with additional experimental approaches such as isotope labeling, the insertion of infrared labels to selectively probe local structural elements will be required. In case these data are not available, a critical assessment of previous interpretations of protein amide I 1D- and 2D-IR difference spectroscopy data is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Khoury
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guillaume Le Breton
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana V Cunha
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk J G W van Wilderen
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institut für Biophysik, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse. 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Di Costanzo L, Geremia S. Atomic Details of Carbon-Based Nanomolecules Interacting with Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E3555. [PMID: 32759758 PMCID: PMC7435792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of fullerene, carbon-based nanomolecules sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Understanding the interactions of these materials with biological samples at the atomic level is crucial for improving the applications of nanomolecules and address safety aspects concerning their use in medicine. Protein crystallography provides the interface view between proteins and carbon-based nanomolecules. We review forefront structural studies of nanomolecules interacting with proteins and the mechanism underlying these interactions. We provide a systematic analysis of approaches used to select proteins interacting with carbon-based nanomolecules explored from the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) and scientific literature. The analysis of van der Waals interactions from available data provides important aspects of interactions between proteins and nanomolecules with implications on functional consequences. Carbon-based nanomolecules modulate protein surface electrostatic and, by forming ordered clusters, could modify protein quaternary structures. Lessons learned from structural studies are exemplary and will guide new projects for bioimaging tools, tuning of intrinsically disordered proteins, and design assembly of precise hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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3
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Alex JM, Brancatelli G, Volpi S, Bonaccorso C, Casnati A, Geremia S, Crowley PB. Probing the determinants of porosity in protein frameworks: co-crystals of cytochrome c and an octa-anionic calix[4]arene. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:211-214. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02275a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to sulfonato-calix[4]arene (sclx4), which mediates close-packed assemblies, the higher charge carboxylate-containing sclx4mc induced a crystalline framework of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi M. Alex
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- University Road
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Giovanna Brancatelli
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Carmela Bonaccorso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- 43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Peter B. Crowley
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- University Road
- Galway
- Ireland
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4
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Abstract
Bovine heart cytochrome c (bCyt c) is an extensively studied hemoprotein of only 104 residues. Due to the existence of isoforms generated by non-enzymatic deaminidation, crystallization of bCyt c is difficult and involves extensive purification and the use of microseeding or the presence of an electric field. Taking advantage of the capacity of cytochrome c (cyt c) to bind anions on its protein surface, the commercially available bCyt c was crystallized without extra purifications, using ammonium sulfate as precipitant and nitrate ions as additives. The structure of the ferric bCyt c in a new crystal form is described and compared with that previously solved at low ionic strength and with those of human and horse cyt c. The overall structure of bCyt c is conserved, while the side chains of several residues that play a role in the interactions of cyt c with its partners have different rotamers in the two structures. The effect of the presence of nitrate ions on the structure of the protein is then evaluated and compared with that observed in the case of ferrous and ferric horse heart cyt c.
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Shimada S, Shinzawa-Itoh K, Baba J, Aoe S, Shimada A, Yamashita E, Kang J, Tateno M, Yoshikawa S, Tsukihara T. Complex structure of cytochrome c-cytochrome c oxidase reveals a novel protein-protein interaction mode. EMBO J 2016; 36:291-300. [PMID: 27979921 PMCID: PMC5286356 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) transfers electrons from cytochrome c (Cyt.c) to O2 to generate H2O, a process coupled to proton pumping. To elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer, we determined the structure of the mammalian Cyt.c–CcO complex at 2.0‐Å resolution and identified an electron transfer pathway from Cyt.c to CcO. The specific interaction between Cyt.c and CcO is stabilized by a few electrostatic interactions between side chains within a small contact surface area. Between the two proteins are three water layers with a long inter‐molecular span, one of which lies between the other two layers without significant direct interaction with either protein. Cyt.c undergoes large structural fluctuations, using the interacting regions with CcO as a fulcrum. These features of the protein–protein interaction at the docking interface represent the first known example of a new class of protein–protein interaction, which we term “soft and specific”. This interaction is likely to contribute to the rapid association/dissociation of the Cyt.c–CcO complex, which facilitates the sequential supply of four electrons for the O2 reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shimada
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shinzawa-Itoh
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junpei Baba
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Aoe
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Shimada
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eiki Yamashita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jiyoung Kang
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tateno
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshikawa
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomitake Tsukihara
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Akoh, Hyogo, Japan .,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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Ferraro G, Messori L, Merlino A. The X-ray structure of the primary adducts formed in the reaction between cisplatin and cytochrome c. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2559-61. [PMID: 25567806 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the interactions between cisplatin and cytochrome c are investigated. Based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction data, two monometalated species, i.e. cyt c-Pt(NH3)2 and cyt c-Pt(NH3)2Cl, are found to be the main adducts that form in the reaction between the protein and the drug. Both monodentate and bidentate platinum coordination to the protein is observed, with platinum binding either to Met65 or to Met65 and Glu61, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.
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De March M, Brancatelli G, Demitri N, De Zorzi R, Hickey N, Geremia S. A general exit strategy of monoheme cytochromes c and c2 in electron transfer complexes? IUBMB Life 2015; 67:694-700. [PMID: 26311433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using our previously reported maps of the electrostatic surface of horse heart ferri- and ferro-cyt c, comparisons were made between the complementary electrostatic surfaces of three cyt c peroxidase-cyt c complexes and the photosynthetic reaction center-cyt c complex, considering both iron oxidation states. The results obtained were consistent with a sliding mechanism for the electron shuttle on the surface of the protein complexes, promoted by the change in iron oxidation state. This mechanism was found to be in agreement with theoretical and NMR studies reported in the literature. Importantly, the analysis also provided a rationale for recognition of nonproductive associations. As we have previously reported the same conclusion on examination of redox partners of cyt c in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, our hypothesis is that the proposed mechanism could represent a general exit strategy of monoheme cyts c and c2 in electron transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De March
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Brancatelli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Medlock AE, Shiferaw MT, Marcero JR, Vashisht AA, Wohlschlegel JA, Phillips JD, Dailey HA. Identification of the Mitochondrial Heme Metabolism Complex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135896. [PMID: 26287972 PMCID: PMC4545792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor for most organisms and all metazoans. While the individual enzymes involved in synthesis and utilization of heme are fairly well known, less is known about the intracellular trafficking of porphyrins and heme, or regulation of heme biosynthesis via protein complexes. To better understand this process we have undertaken a study of macromolecular assemblies associated with heme synthesis. Herein we have utilized mass spectrometry with coimmunoprecipitation of tagged enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway in a developing erythroid cell culture model to identify putative protein partners. The validity of these data obtained in the tagged protein system is confirmed by normal porphyrin/heme production by the engineered cells. Data obtained are consistent with the presence of a mitochondrial heme metabolism complex which minimally consists of ferrochelatase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase and aminolevulinic acid synthase-2. Additional proteins involved in iron and intermediary metabolism as well as mitochondrial transporters were identified as potential partners in this complex. The data are consistent with the known location of protein components and support a model of transient protein-protein interactions within a dynamic protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Medlock
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- GRU-UGA Medical Partnership, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mesafint T. Shiferaw
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- GRU-UGA Medical Partnership, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Marcero
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ajay A. Vashisht
- Department of Biological Chemistry and the Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James A. Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry and the Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John D. Phillips
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Harry A. Dailey
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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9
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Moreno-Beltrán B, Díaz-Moreno I, González-Arzola K, Guerra-Castellano A, Velázquez-Campoy A, De la Rosa MA, Díaz-Quintana A. Respiratory complexes III and IV can each bind two molecules of cytochrome c at low ionic strength. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:476-83. [PMID: 25595453 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transient interactions of respiratory cytochrome c with complexes III and IV is herein investigated by using heterologous proteins, namely human cytochrome c, the soluble domain of plant cytochrome c1 and bovine cytochrome c oxidase. The binding molecular mechanisms of the resulting cross-complexes have been analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Our data reveal that the two cytochrome c-involving adducts possess a 2:1 stoichiometry - that is, two cytochrome c molecules per adduct - at low ionic strength. We conclude that such extra binding sites at the surfaces of complexes III and IV can facilitate the turnover and sliding of cytochrome c molecules and, therefore, the electron transfer within respiratory supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas Moreno-Beltrán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain.
| | - Katiuska González-Arzola
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Alejandra Guerra-Castellano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) - Joint Unit BIFI-IQFR (CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Fundacion ARAID, Government of Aragon, Maria de Luna 11, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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