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Liu Z, Wang H, Zhang Z. A valproic acid-modified platinum diimine complex as potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 222:111508. [PMID: 34116426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors have often been used in combination treatment of various types of cancers due to their non-genotoxic epigenetic potential. Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor. Conjugate of VPA with a phtoactive platinum diimine complex through an ester bond has been fabricated to potentiate the photocytotoxicity of the photosensitizer. Its capability to generate singlet oxygen, behavior in the presence of esterase, and photocytotoxicity in tumor cells have also been studied. The results revealed that the novel VPA-modified platinum diimine complex could produce singlet oxygen efficiently and release VPA in the presence of porcine liver esterase. The results also suggested that incorporation of VPA moiety into the platinum diimine complex might significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Laboratory of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Laboratory of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Laboratory of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Effect Studies of Iridium(III) Polypyridyl Complexes against SGC-7901 Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173129. [PMID: 31466318 PMCID: PMC6749586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three iridium(III) complexes ([Ir(Hppy)2(L)](PF6) (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine, L = 5-nitrophenanthroline, NP), 1; 5-nitro-6-amino-phenanthroline (NAP), 2; and 5,6-diamino-phenanthroline (DAP) 3 were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicities of Ir(III) complexes 1–3 against cancer cell lines SGC-7901, A549, HeLa, Eca-109, HepG2, BEL-7402, and normal NIH 3T3 cells were investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) method. The results showed that the three iridium(III) complexes had moderate in vitro anti-tumor activity toward SGC-7901 cells with IC50 values of 3.6 ± 0.1 µM for 1, 14.1 ± 0.5 µM for 2, and 11.1 ± 1.3 µM for 3. Further studies showed that 1–3 induce cell apoptosis/death through DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the S or G0/G1 phase, ROS elevation, increased levels of Ca2+, high mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and cellular ATP depletion. Transwell and Colony-Forming assays revealed that complexes 1–3 can also effectively inhibit the metastasis and proliferation of tumor cells. These results demonstrate that 1–3 induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage and DNA damage pathways, as well as by inhibiting cell invasion, thereby exerting anti-tumor cell proliferation activity in vitro.
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Du X, Zhang P, Fu H, Ahsan HM, Gao J, Chen Q. Smart mitochondrial-targeted cancer therapy: Subcellular distribution, selective TrxR2 inhibition accompany with declined antioxidant capacity. Int J Pharm 2019; 555:346-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
The success of platinum-based anticancer agents has motivated the exploration of novel metal-based drugs for several decades, whereas problems such as drug-resistance and systemic toxicity hampered their clinical applications and efficacy. Stimuli-responsiveness of some metal complexes offers a good opportunity for designing site-specific prodrugs to maximize the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the side effect of metallodrugs. This review presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the therapeutic stimuli-responsive metallodrugs that have appeared in the past two decades, where stimuli such as redox, pH, enzyme, light, temperature, and so forth were involved. The compounds are classified into three major categories based on the nature of stimuli, that is, endo-stimuli-responsive metallodrugs, exo-stimuli-responsive metallodrugs, and dual-stimuli-responsive metallodrugs. Representative examples of each type are discussed in terms of structure, response mechanism, and potential medical applications. In the end, future opportunities and challenges in this field are tentatively proposed. With diverse metal complexes being introduced, the foci of this review are pointed to platinum and ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Suxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Nafees Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China
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Pracharova J, Radosova Muchova T, Dvorak Tomastikova E, Intini FP, Pacifico C, Natile G, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Anticancer potential of a photoactivated transplatin derivative containing the methylazaindole ligand mediated by ROS generation and DNA cleavage. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13179-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01467d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced DNA damage by trans-[PtCl2(NH3)(1-methyl-7-azaindole)] is related to its photocytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Pracharova
- Department of Biophysics
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research
- Palacký University
- 783 41 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Eva Dvorak Tomastikova
- Institute of Experimental Botany
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Concetta Pacifico
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bari “Aldo Moro”
- 70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- CZ-78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Si J, Zhou R, Gan L, Di C, Xie Y, Zhang H. Laser controlled singlet oxygen generation in mitochondria to promote mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16925. [PMID: 26577055 PMCID: PMC4649627 DOI: 10.1038/srep16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports have shown that a certain level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can promote mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. However, it is unclear whether it is the mitochondrial ROS that stimulate mtDNA replication and this requires further investigation. Here we employed a photodynamic system to achieve controlled mitochondrial singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. HeLa cells incubated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were exposed to laser irradiation to induce 1O2 generation within mitochondria. Increased mtDNA copy number was detected after low doses of 630 nm laser light in ALA-treated cells. The stimulated mtDNA replication was directly linked to mitochondrial 1O2 generation, as verified using specific ROS scavengers. The stimulated mtDNA replication was regulated by mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mtDNA polymerase γ. MtDNA control region modifications were induced by 1O2 generation in mitochondria. A marked increase in 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) level was detected in ALA-treated cells after irradiation. HeLa cell growth stimulation and G1-S cell cycle transition were also observed after laser irradiation in ALA-treated cells. These cellular responses could be due to a second wave of ROS generation detected in mitochondria. In summary, we describe a controllable method of inducing mtDNA replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
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