Characterization and biological properties of copper(II)-ketoprofen complexes

1D and 2D Coordination Polymers of Calcium with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surfaces, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

Four alkaline earth metal complexes of ketoprofen (Hket) and indomethacin (Hind) were synthesized and characterized: [Ca(ket)2(H2O)2]n (1), [Mg(ket)2(H2O)2] (2), [Ca(ind)2(EtOH)2]n (3), and [Mg(ind)2(EtOH)2] (4). All compounds were studied by elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystal structures of 1 and 3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique T=100 K. The structure of 1 is dominated by a one-dimensional coordination polymer, while 3 is formed by a two-dimensional layer stabilized by the calcium zig-zag chains and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. Crystal packing arrangements were characterized by fingerprint plots (FPs) that were derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces (HSs). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of complexes were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts.

Synthesis, characterization, PXRD studies, and theoretical calculation of the effect of gamma irradiation and antimicrobial studies on novel Pd(II), Cu(II), and Cu(I) complexes

The main objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize of a new three complexes of Pd (II), Cu (II), and Cu (I) metal ions with novel ligand ((Z)-2-(phenylamino)-N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)acetohydrazide) H2LB. The structural composition of new compounds was assessed using several analytical techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, electronic spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal behavior analysis. The Gaussian09 program employed the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach to optimize the geometry of all synthesized compounds, therefore obtaining the most favorable structures and crucial parameters. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of γ-irradiation on ligands and complexes. Before and after γ-irradiation, the antimicrobial efficiency was investigated for the activity of ligands and their chelates. The Cu(I) complex demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity after irradiation, as well as other standard medications such as ampicillin and gentamicin. Similarly, the Cu(I) complex exhibited superior activity against antifungal species relative to the standard drug Nystatin. The docking investigation utilized the target location of the topoisomerase enzyme (2xct) chain A.

Designing and Exploration of the Biological Potentials of Novel Centrosymmetric Heteroleptic Copper(II) Carboxylates

Copper(II) complexes with a general formula [Cu2(3,4-F2C6H3CH2COO)4(L)2], where L = 2-methylpyridine (1) and 3-methylpyridine (2), are reported here. The FTIR spectra of the complexes confirmed the bridging bidentate coordination mode of the carboxylate ligand. The low (475 and 449 cm-1) and strong (727 & 725 cm-1) intensity bands in the FTIR spectra, due to Cu-N stretches and pyridyl ring vibrations, confirmed coordination of the 2-/3-methyl pyridine co-ligands in complexes 1 and 2, respectively. A binuclear paddlewheel structural arrangement with a square pyramidal geometry was confirmed for copper atoms in the complexes via single-crystal X-ray analysis. The DPPH, •OH radical, and α-amylase enzyme inhibition assays showed higher activities for the complexes than for the free ligand acid. The binding constant (Kb = 1.32 × 105 for 1 and 5.33 × 105 for 2) calculated via UV-VIS absorption measurements and docking scores (-6.59 for 1 and -7.43 for 2) calculated via molecular docking showed higher SS-DNA binding potential for 2 compared to 1. Viscosity measurement also reflected higher DNA binding ability for 2 than 1. Both complexes 1 and 2 (docking scores of -7.43 and -6.95, respectively) were found to be more active inhibitors than the free ligand acid (docking score of -5.5159) against the target α-amylase protein. This in silico study has shown that the herein reported compounds follow the rules of drug-likeness and exhibit good potential for bioavailability.

Copper(II) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Structural characterization, in vitro and in silico biological profile

Six novel copper(II) complexes with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, loxoprofen, fenoprofen and clonixin as ligands were synthesized and characterized by diverse techniques including single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The in vitro scavenging activity of the complexes against 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals and the ability to reduce H₂O₂ were studied in the context of the antioxidant activity studies. The complexes may interact with calf-thymus DNA via intercalation as revealed by the techniques employed. The affinity of the complexes for bovine and human serum albumins was evaluated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and the corresponding binding constants were determined. Molecular docking simulations on the crystal structure of calf-thymus DNA, human and bovine serum albumins were also employed in order to study in silico the ability of the studied compounds to bind to these target biomacromolecules, in terms of impairment of DNA and transportation through serum albumins, to explain the observed in vitro activity and to establish a possible mechanism of action.

Copper(II) complexes with meclofenamate ligands: Structure, interaction with DNA and albumins, antioxidant and anticholinergic activity

The interaction of copper(II) with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sodium meclofenamate (Na-mclf) in the presence or absence of the nitrogen-donor co-ligands pyridine (py) or 2,2'-bipyridylamine (bipyam), yielded the novel Cu(II) complexes [Cu₂(mclf-O,O')₄(MeOH)₂]·2MeOH (1·2MeOH), [Cu(mclf-O)₂(py)₃]·H₂O·0.5MeOH (2·H₂O·0.5MeOH) and [Cu(mclf-O,O')₂(bipyam)] (3). The characterization of the complexes was achieved by various techniques, including single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In order to study the binding mode and strength of the complexes to calf-thymus (CT) DNA, various techniques were employed which suggested intercalation between the DNA-bases as the most possible interaction mode. Competitive studies with ethidium bromide (EB) revealed the ability of the complexes to displace the EB from the EB-DNA adduct, verifying the intercalative binding mode. The affinity of the complexes to bovine and human serum albumin proteins (SAs) was investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and the corresponding binding constants bear relatively high values, showing that the complexes bind tightly and possibly reversibly to SAs. The antioxidant activity of the complexes against 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and the ability to reduce H₂O₂ proved to be of significant magnitude. The in vitro inhibitory activity against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was evaluated, in order to assess the anticholinergic ability of the complexes, which appeared promising.

Copper(II) Complexes with Mixed Heterocycle Ligands as Promising Antibacterial and Antitumor Species

Complexes with mixed ligands [Cu(N-N)₂(pmtp)](ClO₄)₂ ((1) N-N: 2,2′-bipyridine; (2) L: 1,10-phenanthroline and pmpt: 5-phenyl-7-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) were synthesized and structurally and biologically characterized. Compound (1) crystallizes into space group Pa and (2) in P-1. Both complexes display an intermediate stereochemistry between the two five-coordinated ones. The biological tests indicated that the two compounds exhibited superoxide scavenging capacity, intercalative DNA properties, and metallonuclease activity. Tests on various cell systems indicated that the two complexes neither interfere with the proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or BJ healthy skin cells, nor cause hemolysis in the active concentration range. Nevertheless, the compounds showed antibacterial potential, with complex (2) being significantly more active than complex (1) against all tested bacterial strains, both in planktonic and biofilm growth state. Both complexes exhibited a very good activity against B16 melanoma cells, with a higher specificity being displayed by compound (1). Taken together, the results indicate that complexes (1) and (2) have specific biological relevance, with potential for the development of antitumor or antimicrobial drugs.

Nickel(ii)–naproxen mixed-ligand complexes: synthesis, structure, antioxidant activity and interaction with albumins and calf-thymus DNA

Six novel nickel(ii)–naproxen complexes exhibit selective radical scavenging activity, bind tightly to albumins and are DNA-intercalators.

New copper(ii) complexes of the anti-inflammatory drug mefenamic acid: a concerted study including synthesis, physicochemical characterization and their biological evaluation

The interaction of three newly synthesized copper(ii) mefenamate complexes with bovine/human serum albumin was studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy.