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Lv A, Li G, Zhang P, Tao R, Li X, Ren X, Li P, Liu X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Design and anticancer behaviour of cationic/neutral half-sandwich iridium(III) imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112612. [PMID: 38761579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to the exploration of organometallic iridium(III) (IrIII) complexes for their potential as metallic anticancer drugs. In this study, twelve half-sandwich IrIII imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes were prepared and characterized. Complexes exhibited promising in-vitro anti-proliferative activity, and some are obviously superior to cisplatin towards A549 cells. These complexes possessed suitable fluorescence, and a non-energy-dependent uptake pathway was identified, subsequently leading to their accumulation in the lysosome and the lysosomal damage. Additionally, complexes could inhibit the cell cycle (G1-phase) and catalyze intracellular NADH oxidation, thus substantiating the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which confirming the oxidative mechanism. Western blotting further confirmed that complexes could induce A549 cell apoptosis through the lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway, which was inconsistent with cisplatin. In summary, these complexes offer fresh concepts for the development of organometallic non‑platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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2
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Riisom M, Morrow SJ, Herbert CD, Tremlett WDJ, Astin JW, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. In vitro and in vivo accumulation of the anticancer Ru complexes [Ru II(cym)(HQ)Cl] and [Ru II(cym)(PCA)Cl]Cl. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:767-775. [PMID: 37962611 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The cellular accumulation and the underlying mechanisms for the two ruthenium-based anticancer complexes [RuII(cym)(HQ)Cl] 1 (cym = η6-p-cymene, HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline) and [RuII(cym)(PCA)Cl]Cl 2 (PCA = N-fluorophenyl-2-pyridinecarbothioamide) were investigated in HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. The results showed that the cellular accumulation of both complexes increased over time and with higher concentrations, and that 2 accumulates in greater quantities in cells than 1. Inhibition studies of selected cellular accumulation mechanisms indicated that both 1 and 2 may be transported into the cells by both passive diffusion and active transporters, similar to cisplatin. Efflux experiments indicated that 1 and 2 are subjected to efflux through a mechanism that does not involve p-glycoprotein, as addition of verapamil did not make any difference. Exploring the influence of the Cu transporter by addition of CuCl2 resulted in a higher accumulation of 1 and 2 whilst the amount of Pt detected was slightly reduced when cells were treated with cisplatin. Complexes 1 and 2 were further explored in zebrafish where accumulation and distribution were determined with ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS. The results correlated with the in vitro observations and zebrafish treated with 2 showed higher Ru contents than those treated with 1. The distribution studies suggested that both complexes mainly accumulated in the intestines of the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Riisom
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stuart J Morrow
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin D Herbert
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - William D J Tremlett
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan W Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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3
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Arshad JZ, Tabassum S, Kiani MS, Arshad S, Hashmi MA, Majeed I, Ali H, Shah SSA. Anticancer Properties of Ru and Os Half-Sandwich Complexes of N,S Bidentate Schiff Base Ligands Derived from Phenylthiocarbamide. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300804. [PMID: 37737043 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The versatile coordinating nature of N,S bidentate ligands is of great importance in medicinal chemistry imparting stability and enhancing biological properties of the metal complexes. Phenylthiocarbamide-based N,S donor Schiff bases converted into RuII /OsII (cymene) complexes and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The hydrolytic stability of metal complexes to undergo metal-halide ligand exchange reaction was confirmed both by the DFT and NMR experimentation. The ONIOM (QM/MM) study confirmed the histone protein targeting nature of aqua/hydroxido complex 2 aH with an excellent binding energy of -103.19 kcal/mol. The antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells A549, MCF-7, PC-3, and HepG2 revealed that ruthenium complexes 1 a-3 a were more cytotoxic than osmium complexes and their respective ligands 1-3 as well. Among these ruthenium cymene complex bearing sulfonamide moiety 2 a proved a strong cytotoxic agent and showed excellent correlation of cellular accumulation, lipophilicity, and drug-likeness to the anticancer activity. Moreover, the favorable physiochemical properties such as bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption of ligand 2 also supported the development of Ru complex 2 a as an orally active anticancer metallodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Zaib Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Women University Sialkot, Kutchehry Road, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Women University Sialkot, Kutchehry Road, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaheer Kiani
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College, Women University Sialkot, Kutchehry Road, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology H-12 Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology H-12 Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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4
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Kumar S, Riisom M, Jamieson SMF, Kavianinia I, Harris PWR, Metzler-Nolte N, Brimble MA, Hartinger CG. On-Resin Conjugation of the Ruthenium Anticancer Agent Plecstatin-1 to Peptide Vectors. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14310-14317. [PMID: 37611203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium piano-stool complexes have been explored for their anticancer activity and some promising compounds have been reported. Herein, we conjugated a derivative of plecstatin-1 to peptides in order to increase their cancer cell targeting ability. For this purpose, plecstatin-1 was modified at the arene ligand to introduce a functional amine handle (3), which resulted in a compound that showed similar activity in an in vitro anticancer activity assay. The cell-penetrating peptide TAT48-60, tumor-targeting neurotensin8-13, and plectin-targeting peptide were functionalized with succinyl or β-Ala-succinyl linkers under standard solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) conditions to spatially separate the peptide backbones from the bioactive metal complexes. These modifications allowed for conjugating precursor 3 to the peptides on resin yielding the desired metal-peptide conjugates (MPCs), as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). The MPCs were studied for their behavior in aqueous solution and under acidic conditions and resembled that of the parent compound plecstatin-1. In in vitro anticancer activity studies in a small panel of cancer cell lines, the TAT-based MPCs showed the highest activity, while the other MPCs were virtually inactive. However, the MPCs were significantly less active than the small molecules plecstatin-1 and 3, which can be explained by the reduced cell uptake as determined by inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP-MS). Although the MPCs did not display potent anticancer activities, the developed conjugation strategy can be extended toward other metal complexes, which may be able to utilize the targeting properties of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saawan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Iman Kavianinia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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5
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Riaz Z, Lee BYT, Stjärnhage J, Movassaghi S, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Shaheen MA, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Anticancer Ru and Os complexes of N-(4-chlorophenyl)pyridine-2-carbothioamide: Substitution of the labile chlorido ligand with phosphines. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 241:112115. [PMID: 36731369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich MII(cym)Cl (cym = η6-p-cymene; M = Ru, Os) complexes of pyridinecarbothioamide (PCA) ligands have demonstrated potential as orally active anticancer agents. In order to investigate the impact of the substitution of the labile chlorido ligand with phosphorous donor ligands on the antiproliferative properties, the triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phophaadamantane (pta) analogues were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and the molecular structures of several complexes were determined by X-diffraction analysis. Interestingly, the molecular structures contained the PCA ligand deprotonated, presumably driven by the reduction in overall charge of the complex. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggested minor energy differences between the protonated and deprotonated forms. The aqueous stability and the reactivity with the amino acids l-histidine and l-cysteine were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy of representative examples. The most potent anticancer agents featured Ru or Os centers and a PPh3 ligand and showed IC50 values in the submicromolar range against four cancer cell lines. This suggests that the antiproliferative activity was mainly dependent on the lipophilic properties of the phosphine ligand with PPh3 having a significantly higher clog P value than pta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Riaz
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; University of Sargodha, Department of Chemistry, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Betty Y T Lee
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Julia Stjärnhage
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Muhammad Hanif
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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6
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Pradhan AK, Shyam A, Dutta A, Mondal P. Quantum Chemical Investigation on Hydrolysis of Orally Active Organometallic Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Anticancer Drugs and Their Interaction with Histidine. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9516-9527. [PMID: 36378950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Influence of the metal center on hydrolysis of organometallic anticancer complexes containing an N-phenyl-2-pyridinecarbothioamide (PCA) ligand, [M(η6-p-cymene)(N-phenyl-2-pyridinecarbothioamide)Cl]+ (M = RuII, 1A, and OsII, 2A), as well as their N-fluorophenyl derivatives [M(η6-p-cymene)(N-fluorophenyl-2-pyridinecarbothioamide)Cl]+ (M = RuII, 1B, and OsII, 2B) have been investigated using the DFT method in aqueous medium. The activation energy barriers for the hydrolysis of 1A (21.5 kcal/mol) and 1B (20.7 kcal/mol) are found to be significantly lower than those of their corresponding osmium analogs 2A (28.6 kcal/mol) and 2B (27.5 kcal/mol). DFT evaluated results reveal the inertness of Os(II)-PCA complex toward the hydrolysis that rationalizes the experimental observations. However, the incorporation of fluoride substituent slightly decreases the activation energy for the hydrolysis of Ru(II)- and Os(II)-PCA. In addition, the interaction of hydrolyzed Ru(II)-PCAs (1AH and 1BH) and Os(II)-PCAs (2AH and 2BH) complexes with the histidine (Hist) have also been investigated. The aquated 1BH and 2BH show an enhanced propensity toward the interaction with histidine, and their activation Gibbs free energies are calculated to be 15.9 and 18.9 kcal/mol, respectively. ONIOM (QM/MM) study of the resulting aquated complexes inside histone protein shows the maximum stability of the 2BH complex having a binding energy of -43.6 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Shyam
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India.,Department of Chemistry, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj-788723, Assam, India
| | - Abhijit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Patharkandi College, Karimganj-788724, Assam, India
| | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
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Iqbal S, Siddiqui WA, Ashraf A, Tong KK, Aman F, Söhnel T, Jamieson SM, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Substitution of the chlorido ligand for PPh3 in anticancer organoruthenium complexes of sulfonamide-functionalized pyridine-2-carbothioamides leads to high cytotoxic activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Dkhar L, Gupta H, Poluri KM, Gannon PM, Kaminsky W, Kollipara MR. Influence of counterions on the formation of supramolecular platinum group metal complexes containing pyridyl thioamide derivatives: antioxidant and antimicrobial studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of half-sandwich metal thioamide derivative complexes exhibiting interesting coordination modes in the presence of counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Dkhar
- Center for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India
| | - Hrishikesh Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
| | - Paige M. Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mohan Rao Kollipara
- Center for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Ngoepe MP, Clayton HS. Metal Complexes as DNA Synthesis and/or Repair Inhibitors: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal inorganic chemistry involving the utilization of metal-based compounds as therapeutics has become a field showing distinct promise. DNA and RNA are ideal drug targets for therapeutic intervention in the case of various diseases, such as cancer and microbial infection. Metals play a vital role in medicine, with at least 10 metals known to be essential for human life and a further 46 nonessential metals having been involved in drug therapies and diagnosis. These metal-based complexes interact with DNA in various ways, and are often delivered as prodrugs which undergo activation in vivo. Metal complexes cause DNA crosslinking, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair. In this review, the various interactions of metal complexes with DNA nucleic acids, as well as the underlying mechanism of action, were highlighted. Furthermore, we also discussed various tools used to investigate the interaction between metal complexes and the DNA. The tools included in vitro techniques such as spectroscopy and electrophoresis, and in silico studies such as protein docking and density-functional theory that are highlighted for preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadley S. Clayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Steel TR, Walsh F, Wieczorek-Błauż A, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Monodentately-coordinated bioactive moieties in multimodal half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Balahbib A, El Omari N, Hachlafi NE, Lakhdar F, El Menyiy N, Salhi N, Mrabti HN, Bakrim S, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Health beneficial and pharmacological properties of p-cymene. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112259. [PMID: 33984423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p-cymene also known as p-cymol or p-isopropyltoluene is an alkyl-substituted aromatic compound naturally occurring in essential oils (EOs) of various aromatic plants, including the genus of Artemisia, Protium, Origanum, and Thymus. It is related to the family of terpenes, especially monocyclic monoterpenes. p-cymene is also present in several food-based plants such as carrots, orange juice, grapefruit, tangerine, raspberries and several spices. Numerous studies have demonstrated the pharmacological properties of the monoterpenes p-cymene, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The p-cymene has also been reported to act as an analgesic, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory, vasorelaxant and neuroprotective agent. Its anticancer effects are related to some mechanisms such as the inhibition of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In this review, we critically highlighted the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of the p-cymene molecule, providing insight into its mechanisms of action and potential applications in drug discovery. In light of this finding, in-depth in vivo studies are strongly required to validate the safety and beneficial effects of the p-cymene molecule in human healthcare and industrial applications as a potential source of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, And Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, P.O.Box-2002, Imouzzer Road Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima Lakhdar
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, ChouaibDoukkali University, BP 20, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and of Life (SNAMOPEQ). Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz. University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Najoua Salhi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, Valorization and Environment, Department of Sciences and Techniques, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, And Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Maji M, Acharya S, Bhattacharya I, Gupta A, Mukherjee A. Effect of an Imidazole-Containing Schiff Base of an Aromatic Sulfonamide on the Cytotoxic Efficacy of N,N-Coordinated Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) p-Cymene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4744-4754. [PMID: 33760599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Acharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Indira Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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14
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Impact of the Metal Center and Leaving Group on the Anticancer Activity of Organometallic Complexes of Pyridine-2-carbothioamide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040833. [PMID: 33562622 PMCID: PMC7914729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RuII(cym)Cl (cym = η6-p-cymene) complexes of pyridinecarbothioamides have shown potential for development as orally active anticancer metallodrugs, underlined by their high selectivity towards plectin as the molecular target. In order to investigate the impact of the metal center on the anticancer activity and their physicochemical properties, the Os(cym), Rh- and Ir(Cp*) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) analogues of the most promising and orally active compound plecstatin 2 were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction analysis. Dissolution in aqueous medium results in quick ligand exchange reactions; however, over time no further changes in the 1H NMR spectra were observed. The Rh- and Ir(Cp*) complexes were investigated for their reactions with amino acids, and while they reacted with Cys, no reaction with His was observed. Studies on the in vitro anticancer activity identified the Ru derivatives as the most potent, independent of their halido leaving group, while the Rh derivative was more active than the Ir analogue. This demonstrates that the metal center has a significant impact on the anticancer activity of the compound class.
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Steel TR, Hartinger CG. Metalloproteomics for molecular target identification of protein-binding anticancer metallodrugs. Metallomics 2020; 12:1627-1636. [PMID: 33063808 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics has played an important role in elucidating the fundamental processes occuring in living cells. Translating these methods to metallodrug research ('metalloproteomics') has provided a means for molecular target identification of metal-based anticancer agents which should signifcantly advance the research field. In combination with biological assays, these techniques have enabled the mechanisms of action of metallodrugs to be linked to their interactions with molecular targets and aid understanding of their biological properties. Such investigations have profoundly increased our knowledge of the complex and dynamic nature of metallodrug-biomolecule interactions and have provided, at least for some compound types, a more detailed picture on their specific protein-binding patterns. This perspective highlights the progression of metallodrug proteomics research for the identification of non-DNA targets from standard analytical techniques to powerful metallodrug pull-down methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha R Steel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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16
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Hanif M, Arshad J, Astin JW, Rana Z, Zafar A, Movassaghi S, Leung E, Patel K, Söhnel T, Reynisson J, Sarojini V, Rosengren RJ, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. A Multitargeted Approach: Organorhodium Anticancer Agent Based on Vorinostat as a Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jahanzaib Arshad
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jonathan W. Astin
- School of Medical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Zohaib Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Kamal Patel
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele University Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J. Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Stephen M. F. Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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17
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Hanif M, Arshad J, Astin JW, Rana Z, Zafar A, Movassaghi S, Leung E, Patel K, Söhnel T, Reynisson J, Sarojini V, Rosengren RJ, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. A Multitargeted Approach: Organorhodium Anticancer Agent Based on Vorinostat as a Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14609-14614. [PMID: 32431061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The combination of more than one bioactive moiety in a multitargeted anticancer agent may result in synergistic activity of its components. Using this concept, bioorganometallic compounds were designed to feature a metal center, a 2-pyridinecarbothioamide (PCA), and a hydroxamic acid, which is found in the anticancer drug vorinostat (SAHA). The organometallics showed inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range against histone deacetylases (HDACs) as the key target for SAHA. In particular, the Rh complex was a potent inhibitor of HDAC6 over HDAC1 and HDAC8. Whereas this complex was highly cytotoxic in human cancer cells, it showed low toxicity in hemolysis studies and zebrafish, demonstrating the role of the metal center. For this complex a slightly reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was established, which was upregulated by SAHA. This finding indicates that the new organometallics display different modes of action than their bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jahanzaib Arshad
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan W Astin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zohaib Rana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kamal Patel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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18
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Pyrrole thioamide complexes of the d8 metals platinum(II), palladium(II) and gold(III). Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Hanif M, Hartinger CG. From the hypothesis-driven development of organometallic anticancer drugs to new methods in mode of action studies. Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Tremlett WD, Tong KK, Steel TR, Movassaghi S, Hanif M, Jamieson SM, Söhnel T, Hartinger CG. Hydroxyquinoline-derived anticancer organometallics: Introduction of amphiphilic PTA as an ancillary ligand increases their aqueous solubility. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Parveen S, Tong KKH, Khawar Rauf M, Kubanik M, Shaheen MA, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Hanif M, Hartinger CG. Coordination Chemistry of Organoruthenium Compounds with Benzoylthiourea Ligands and their Biological Properties. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1262-1270. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Parveen
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Kelvin K. H. Tong
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Khawar Rauf
- Office of Research, Innovation and CommercializationQuaid-I-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Mario Kubanik
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | | | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Stephen M. F. Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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Yang Y, Guo L, Ge X, Shi S, Gong Y, Xu Z, Zheng X, Liu Z. Structure-activity relationships for highly potent half-sandwich organoiridium(III) anticancer complexes with C^N-chelated ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 191:1-7. [PMID: 30445339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis, characterization, catalytic ability in converting coenzyme NADH to NAD+ and anticancer activity of half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes, [(η5-Cpxbiph)Ir(C^N)Cl]PF6-, where Cpxbiph = tetramethyl(biphenyl)cyclopentadienyl, C^N = varying imine-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. The molecular structure of [(η5-Cpxbiph)Ir(L6)Cl]PF6 (complex Ir6), exhibiting the familiar "piano-stool" geometry, has been authenticated by X-ray crystallography. The anticancer activities of these complexes can be governed via substituent effects of three tunable domains and the ligand substituted variants offer an effective chelate ligand set that distinguishes anticancer activity and catalytic ability. Notably, complex Ir6 displays the greatest cytotoxic activities (IC50 = 0.85 μM), whose anticancer activity is more approximately 25-fold higher than that of cisplatin. The initial cell death mechanistic insight displays that this group of iridium(III) complexes exerts anticancer effects via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the confocal microscopy imaging shows that the complex Ir6 can damage lysosome. Overall, preliminary structure-activity relationships study and understanding of the cell death mechanism perhaps provide a rational strategy for enhancing anticancer activity of this family of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Yang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shaopeng Shi
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuteng Gong
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhishan Xu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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23
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Understanding the interactions of diruthenium anticancer agents with amino acids. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:1159-1164. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Gichumbi JM, Friedrich HB. Half-sandwich complexes of platinum group metals (Ir, Rh, Ru and Os) and some recent biological and catalytic applications. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Arshad J, Hanif M, Zafar A, Movassaghi S, Tong KKH, Reynisson J, Kubanik M, Waseem A, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. Organoruthenium and Organoosmium Complexes of 2-Pyridinecarbothioamides Functionalized with a Sulfonamide Motif: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Biomolecule Interactions. Chempluschem 2018; 83:612-619. [PMID: 31950635 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer-active RuII -η6 -p-cymene complexes of bioactive 2-pyridinecarbothioamide ligands have been shown to have high selectivity for plectin and can be administered orally. Reported herein is the functionalization of a 2-pyridinecarbothioamide with a sulfonamide group and its conversion into M-η6 -p-cymene complexes (M = Ru, Os). The presence of a sulfonamide moiety in many organic drugs and metal complexes endows these agents with interesting biological properties and can transform the latter into multi-targeted agents. The compounds were characterized with standard methods and the in vitro anticancer activity data was compared with studies on the hydrolytic stability of the complexes and their reactivity to small biomolecules. A molecular modeling study revealed plausible modes of binding of the complexes in the catalytic pocket of carbonic anhydrase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanzaib Arshad
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mario Kubanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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26
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Kołoczek P, Skórska-Stania A, Cierniak A, Sebastian V, Komarnicka UK, Płotek M, Kyzioł A. Polymeric micelle-mediated delivery of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes with phosphanes derived from fluoroloquinolones for lung adenocarcinoma treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:69-81. [PMID: 29678734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes with aminomethyl(diphenyl)phosphine derived from fluoroloquinolones (RuPCp, RuPSf, RuPLm, RuPNr) were being investigated as alternatives to well-established metal-based chemotherapeutics. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, selected spectroscopic methods (i.e., absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, ESI-MS, NMR, circular dichroizm), X-ray diffractometry, ICP-MS, and electrochemical techniques. To overcome low solubility, serious side effects connected with systemic cytotoxicity of ruthenium complexes, and acquiring the resistance of cancer cells, polymeric nanoformulations based on Pluronic P-123 micelles loaded with selected Ru(II) complexes were prepared and characterized. Resulting micelles (RuPCp_M, RuPNr_M) enabled efficient drug accumulation inside human lung adenocarcinoma (A549 tumor cell line), proved by confocal microscopy and ICP-MS analysis, allowing cytotoxic action. Studied complexes exhibited promising cytotoxicity in vitro with IC50 values significantly lower than the reference drug - cisplatin. The fluorescence spectroscopic data (CT-DNA titration, in vitro cell staining) together with analysis of DNA fragmentation (pBR322 plasmid, comet assay) provided clear evidence for the interaction with DNA inducing apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Kołoczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Cierniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28-029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Płotek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art, Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, Lea 27-29, 30-052 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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