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Safonova EA, Kolomeychuk FM, Gvozdev DA, Tsivadze AY, Gorbunova YG. Tuning Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of P(V) Phthalocyanines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031094. [PMID: 36770759 PMCID: PMC9920145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of P(V) phthalocyanines (Pcs) for efficient singlet oxygen (SO) generation was demonstrated for the first time by the example of unsubstituted and α- and β-octabutoxy-substituted P(V)Pcs with hydroxy, methoxy and phenoxy ligands in the apical positions of the octahedral P centre. Variation of substituents in Pc ring and P(V) axial ligands allows careful tuning of photophysical and photochemical properties. Indeed, a combination of BuO groups in the β-positions of the Pc ring and PhO groups as axial ligands provides significant SO generation quantum yields up to 90%; meanwhile, the values of SO generation quantum yields for others investigated compounds vary from 27 to 55%. All the complexes, except α-substituted P(V)Pc, demonstrate fluorescence with moderate quantum yields (10-16%). The introduction of electron-donating butoxy groups, especially in the α-position, increases the photostability of P(V)Pcs. Moreover, it has been shown in the example of β-BuO-substituted P(V) that the photostability depends on the nature of axial ligands and increases in the next row: OPh < OMe < OH. The presence of oxy/hydroxy axial ligands on the P(V) atom makes it possible to switch the photochemical and photophysical properties of P(V)Pcs by changing the acidity of the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A. Safonova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Filipp M. Kolomeychuk
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Gvozdev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Chen Q, Pan X, Lu W, Zhang J. New insight into the application of fluorescence platforms in tumor diagnosis: From chemical basis to clinical application. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:570-613. [PMID: 36420715 DOI: 10.1002/med.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early and rapid diagnosis of tumors is essential for clinical treatment or management. In contrast to conventional means, bioimaging has the potential to accurately locate and diagnose tumors at an early stage. Fluorescent probe has been developed as an ideal tool to visualize tumor sites and to detect biological molecules which provides a requirement for noninvasive, real-time, precise, and specific visualization of structures and complex biochemical processes in vivo. Rencently, the development of synthetic organic chemistry and new materials have facilitated the development of near-infrared small molecular sensing platforms and nanoimaging platforms. This provides a competitive tool for various fields of bioimaging such as biological structure and function imaging, disease diagnosis, in situ at the in vivo level, and real-time dynamic imaging. This review systematically focused on the recent progress of small molecular near-infrared fluorescent probes and nano-fluorescent probes as new biomedical imaging tools in the past 3-5 years, and it covers the application of tumor biomarker sensing, tumor microenvironment imaging, and tumor vascular imaging, intraoperative guidance and as an integrated platform for diagnosis, aiming to provide guidance for researchers to design and develop future biomedical diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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Lazovskiy DA, Skvortsov IA, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Phosphorus(V) tetrapyrazinocorrolazines bearing axial aryloxy groups as pH-sensitive fluorophores and photosensitizers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5687-5698. [PMID: 35322831 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus(V) complexes of octaphenyltetrapyrazinocorrolazine bearing two aryloxy groups in the axial position, [TPyzCAP(OAr)2] (2a-c, Ar = phenyl (2a), 4-dimethylaminophenyl (2b), and 4-hydroxyphenyl (2c)), were prepared using a one-pot procedure by consecutive treatment of the dihydroxidophosphorus(V) derivative, [TPyzCAP(OH)2] (1), with SOCl2 and then with the corresponding phenol ArOH. Complex 2a containing axial PhO groups is fluorescent in all studied solvents (toluene, CH2Cl2, THF, and DMSO, ΦF ∼ 0.16-0.31) and is efficient to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.55 (THF), 0.68 (toluene)). The introduction of NMe2 and OH groups in the para-position of the axial ArO ligands strongly affects the fluorescence parameters and photosensitizing properties due to the appearance of the solvent-sensitive and pH-switchable effects of photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The PET effect of NMe2 groups completely quenches the excited state of 2b in all solvents, but it is switched-OFF upon their protonation, and in the presence of acid traces, the fluorescence of 2b becomes bright and singlet oxygen generation is strongly enhanced. The PET effect of the OH group is increased upon its deprotonation and in the presence of base 2c as well as 1 becomes non-fluorescent. Specific solvation in THF and DMSO increases the ionic character of the OH bonds, and the fluorescence and photosensitizing properties of 1 and 2c are strongly decreased in these solvents. According to the results of DFT calculations performed using the B3LYP functional with the cc-pVDZ basis set and cyclic voltammetric studies, the molecular orbitals localized on aryloxy ligands are destabilized upon the introduction of OH and especially NMe2 groups and their close position to the HOMO of corrolazine macrocycle (above HOMO in 2b and between HOMO and HOMO-1 in 2c) leads to the appearance of the PET effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A Lazovskiy
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Skvortsov
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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Ivanova SS, Salnikov DS, Knorr G, Ledovich O, Sliznev V, Kubat P, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Water-soluble sulfonated phosphorus(V) corrolazines and porphyrazines: the effect of macrocycle contraction and pyrazine ring fusion on spectral, acid-base and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1364-1377. [PMID: 34935016 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble dihydroxophosphorus(V) complexes of sulphophenyl substituted porphyrazine (6), corrolazine (7) and its pyrazine fused derivative (8) were prepared and their spectral, acid-base and photophysical properties in aqueous solutions were studied. Due to the presence of eight SO3H groups, the compounds were fully monomeric (7 and 8) or only slightly aggregated (6) in water. Spectrophotometric titration revealed that the two stage deprotonation of axially bonded hydroxy groups can be achieved for porphyrazine 6 (pKa1 = 5.62, pKa2 = 9.13) and pyrazine fused corrolazine 8 (pKa1 = 6.5, pKa2 = 11.7), while only the first dissociation stage could be observed for corrolazine 7 (pKa1 = 9.94). The fluorescence emission of the corrolazines 7, 8 and especially porphyrazine 6 was low in water (ΦF = 0.086, 0.18, and 0.014, respectively) and completely quenched under basic conditions due to photoinduced electron transfer. In comparison with porphyrazine 6, the contraction of the macrocycle in the corrolazines 7 and 8 induced significant improvement of singlet oxygen production in water reaching values of ΦΔ = 0.56 and 0.43, respectively, which makes the corrolazines promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. The observed evolution of the electronic absorption spectra and fluorescence quenching observed in a basic medium was explained using the model DFT calculations (cc-pvtz basis set) performed for the dihydroxophosphorus(V) complexes of unsubstituted porphyrazine and corrolazine and their mono- and doubly deprotonated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Ivanova
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Denis S Salnikov
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Gleb Knorr
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Olesja Ledovich
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Valerij Sliznev
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Pavel Kubat
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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Isago H, Fujita H, Nakai S, Sugimori T. Syntheses of Water-Soluble Silver(II)-Phthalocyanines toward Optical Sensing for Thiol Detection. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6739-6745. [PMID: 33835799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble silver(II)-phthalocyanine complexes (AgPcs), tetrakis{4-(N-alkylpyridinium)thio}phthalocyaninato silver(II) tetrafluoroborate, [Ag(tRpySpc)](BF4)4, (R = Me and Et), have been synthesized for the first time by quaternization of pyridyl groups of tetrakis(4-pyridylthio)phthalocyaninato silver(II) by using Meerwein reagents and characterized by ESI-MS, elemental analyses, and optical absorption spectroscopy. Although they strongly aggregate in water, the presence of appropriate surfactants, such as polyethyleneglycol-monooleyl ether (n = approximately 50; PEG50) and sodium dodecyl sulfate, effectively disaggregates them to monomeric species. The spectral properties of the AgPcs and their aggregates in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions have been investigated by optical absorption, emission, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. These AgPcs rapidly react with thiols such as cysteine, glutathione, homocysteine, and sodium 2-sulfanylethanesulfonate (even on the order of 0.01 mM) in aqueous PEG50 solutions at room temperature to liberate the corresponding macrocyclic ligand, H2Pc, but not with the other amino-acid analogs without sulfhydryl groups. The molar ratio of thiol to AgPc has been determined to be 1:1. Since AgPcs are essentially nonfluorescent at room temperature, while H2Pcs emit intense red fluorescence, AgPcs can be a potent thiol-sensor toward bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Isago
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Harumi Fujita
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Suzuko Nakai
- Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugimori
- University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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