1
|
Kastelik-Hryniewiecka A, Jewula P, Bakalorz K, Kramer-Marek G, Kuźnik N. Targeted PET/MRI Imaging Super Probes: A Critical Review of Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8465-8483. [PMID: 35002239 PMCID: PMC8733213 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s336299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the demand for hybrid PET/MRI imaging techniques has increased significantly, which has sparked the investigation into new ways to simultaneously track multiple molecular targets and improve the localization and expression of biochemical markers. Multimodal imaging probes have recently emerged as powerful tools for improving the detection sensitivity and accuracy-both important factors in disease diagnosis and treatment; however, only a limited number of bimodal probes have been investigated in preclinical models. Herein, we briefly describe the strengths and limitations of PET and MRI modalities and highlight the need for the development of multimodal molecularly-targeted agents. We have tried to thoroughly summarize data on bimodal probes available on PubMed. Emphasis was placed on their design, safety profiles, pharmacokinetics, and clearance properties. The challenges in PET/MR probe development using a number of illustrative examples are also discussed, along with future research directions for these novel conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kastelik-Hryniewiecka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Bakalorz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Radiopharmacy and Preclinical PET Imaging Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wyskocka-Gajda M, Przypis Ł, Olesiejuk M, Krawczyk T, Kuźnik A, Nawara K, Minoshima M, Sugihara F, Kikuchi K, Kuźnik N. A step towards gadolinium-free bioresponsive MRI contrast agent. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113086. [PMID: 33348236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The last 30 years of gadolinium-based "static" MRI contrast agents motivated to investigate bioresponsive agents with endogenous paramagnets. Iron(III) chelated by N,O-aminophenol skeleton of high versatility, and tuning potential was studied. The two-step convenient route of the ligand is characterized by high selectivity and allows for building a tunable chelate system. Functionalization with galactose endows a bioresponsive character sensitive to the enzyme activity. Direct relaxometric measurements of the resulting complexes revealed extremely high relaxivity of 5.62 mmol/dm3·s-1 comparable to classic gadolinium complexes. Enzymatic hydrolysis leads to relaxivity change by over 80%. Phantom MRI studies prove the bioresponsive character by contras percentage change within the range 40-275%. Cytotoxicity studies showed 70-90% viability of HeLa cells of the iron complexes. Proposed iron-based chelates with galactosidase-sensitive fragment express unequivocal relaxivity and MRI contras change and good biocompatibility. Therefore, these complexes are a promising step towards modern, bioresponsive MRI contrast agents with a "human-friendly" metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wyskocka-Gajda
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Przypis
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Olesiejuk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nawara
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Masafumi Minoshima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nikodem Kuźnik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|