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Elfarraj H, Lizzi F, Bitter K, Zaslansky P. Effects of endodontic root canal irrigants on tooth dentin revealed by infrared spectroscopy: a systematic literature review. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00113-1. [PMID: 38825554 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root canal irrigation endodontic solutions have effects on the chemistry of dentin. Infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical characterization method where the strength of absorption often correlates with mineral or organic composition. OBJECTIVES To survey effects of commonly used irrigation solutions on the composition of root dentin as detected by widely-available Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1983 to 2023. After risk of bias assessments (OHAT), studies were grouped according to effects per irrigation solution. Inclusion criteria comprised in vitro studies that used extracted human or bovine teeth, treated by irrigation solutions characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and presenting spectral data. Publications that did not share FTIR spectra were excluded. RESULTS A wide range of concentrations, durations, and methodologies have been tested but only 30 out of 3452 studies met our inclusion criteria. Different FTIR methods were used with the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) variant being the most common (21 studies). Investigated solutions included sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (EDTA), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1-1-diphosphonic-acid (HEDP), peracetic-acid (PAA), glycolic-acid (GA), and citric-acid (CA) though most focused on NaOCl and EDTA. All solutions had detectable effects on the FTIR signature of dentin. NaOCl mainly affects the organic signatures, revealing reduced amide/phosphate ratios with increasing concentrations. EDTA mainly effects the inorganic component, increasing with time and concentration, yet glycolic acid has stronger effects than EDTA on dentin. Beyond the type of irrigant and dentin exposure durations, concentration and protocol of application had strong effects. There is a lack of studies comparing similar irrigants under conditions that mimic clinical scenarios analyzing bulk sample because FTIR of powder dentin differs from bulk measurements. SIGNIFICANCE The ideal root-canal irrigant should combine local disinfection properties with minimal compositional effects on healthy dentin. FTIR methods appear reliable to identify important changes in root dentin chemical composition. Such information can help understand when endodontic irrigation might lead to root degradation or possibly contribute to long term failures such as vertical fractures. Awareness of chemical damage from irrigation procedures may help clinicians select procedures that reduce deleterious effects on the root canal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Elfarraj
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franco Lizzi
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bitter
- University Outpatient Clinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Taddei P, Di Foggia M, Zamparini F, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Guttapercha Improves In Vitro Bioactivity and Dentin Remineralization Ability of a Bioglass Containing Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Root Canal Sealer. Molecules 2023; 28:7088. [PMID: 37894568 PMCID: PMC10609493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Guttapercha (GP, trans-1,4-polyisoprene) is the most used tooth root filling material, and it must be used with an appropriate cement (typically a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based sealer) to ensure an adequate canal obturation. This study aimed to assess the bioactivity and dentin remineralization ability of a bioglass containing PDMS commercial endodontic sealer, BG-PDMS (GuttaFlow Bioseal), and to evaluate the possible influence of a GP cone (Roeko GP point) on the mineralization process. To this end, BG-PDMS disks were aged alone or in the presence of a GP cone in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (28 d, 37 °C). Dentin remineralization experiments were carried out under the same conditions. Micro-Raman and IR analyses demonstrated that BG-PDMS is bioactive, thanks to the formation of a silica-rich layer with nucleation sites for B-type carbonated apatite deposition. This phase was thicker when BG-PDMS was aged in the presence of GP. The two materials influenced each other because GP, which alone did not show any bioactivity, nucleated a calcium phosphate phase under these conditions. Analogously, dentin remineralization experiments showed that BG-PDMS is able to remineralize dentin, especially in the presence of GP. Under the experimental conditions, GP acted as a templating agent for calcium phosphate deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Taddei
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Pires PM, Rosa TDC, Ribeiro-Lages MB, Duarte ML, Cople Maia L, Neves ADA, Sauro S. Bioactive Restorative Materials Applied over Coronal Dentine-A Bibliometric and Critical Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:731. [PMID: 37370661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the research was to examine the scientific literature concerning restorative materials with bioactive properties for the purpose of covering dentin. Searches were performed in various databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs/BBO, and Embase. Inclusion criteria involved studies that utilized the terms "dentin" and "bioactive", along with "ion-releasing", "smart materials", "biomimetic materials" and "smart replacement for dentin". The information extracted included the title, authors, publication year, journal and the country of affiliation of the corresponding author. The studies were categorized based on their study design, type of material, substrate, analytical method, and bioactivity. A total of 7161 records were recovered and 159 were included for data extraction. Most of the publications were in vitro studies (n = 149), testing different types of materials in sound dentine (n = 115). Most studies were published in Dental Materials (n = 29), and an increase in publications could be observed after the year 2000. Most of the articles were from the USA (n = 34), followed by Brazil (n = 28). Interfacial analysis was the most investigated (n = 105), followed by bond strength (n = 86). Bioactivity potential was demonstrated for most tested materials (n = 148). This review presents insights into the current trends of bioactive materials development, clearly showing a severe lack of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Maciel Pires
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
- Dental Biomaterials & Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontologia, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Thamirys da Costa Rosa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Mariana Batista Ribeiro-Lages
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Maysa Lannes Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials & Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontologia, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
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Vibrational Study on the Structure, Bioactivity, and Silver Adsorption of Silk Fibroin Fibers Grafted with Methacrylonitrile. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062551. [PMID: 36985523 PMCID: PMC10051891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fibers have received increasing attention as starting materials for innovative applications in many research fields, from biomedicine to engineering. Bombyx mori silk fibroin has become a material of choice in the development of many biomedical devices. Grafting represents a good strategy to improve the material properties according to the desired function. In the present study, Bombyx mori silk fibroin fibers were grafted with methacrylonitrile (MAN) with different weight gains. The potential interest in biomedical applications of MAN functionalization relies on the presence of the nitrile group, which is an acceptor of H bonds and can bind metals. IR and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the grafted samples and the possible structural changes induced by grafting. Afterward, the same techniques were used to study the bioactivity (i.e., the calcium phosphate nucleation ability) of MAN-grafted silk fibroins after ageing in simulated body fluid (SBF) for possible application in bone tissue engineering, and their interaction with Ag+ ions, for the development of biomaterials with enhanced anti-microbial properties. MAN was found to efficiently polymerize on silk fibroin through polar amino acids (i.e., serine and tryptophan), inducing an enrichment in silk fibroin-ordered domains. IR spectroscopy allowed us to detect the nucleation of a thin calcium phosphate layer and the uptake of Ag+ ions through the nitrile group, which may foster the application of these grafted materials in biomedical applications.
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Di Foggia M, Tsukada M, Taddei P. Vibrational Study on Structure and Bioactivity of Protein Fibers Grafted with Phosphorylated Methacrylates. Molecules 2021; 26:6487. [PMID: 34770891 PMCID: PMC8587459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, silk fibroin and wool keratin have been considered functional materials for biomedical applications. In this study, fabrics containing silk fibers from Bombyx mori and Tussah silk fibers from Antheraea pernyi, as well as wool keratin fabrics, were grafted with phosmer CL and phosmer M (commercial names, i.e., methacrylate monomers containing phosphate groups in the molecular side chain) with different weight gains. Both phosmers were recently proposed as flame retarding agents, and their chemical composition suggested a possible application in bone tissue engineering. IR and Raman spectroscopy were used to disclose the possible structural changes induced by grafting and identify the most reactive amino acids towards the phosmers. The same techniques were used to investigate the nucleation of a calcium phosphate phase on the surface of the samples (i.e., bioactivity) after ageing in simulated body fluid (SBF). The phosmers were found to polymerize onto the biopolymers efficiently, and tyrosine and serine underwent phosphorylation (monitored through the strengthening of the Raman band at 1600 cm-1 and the weakening of the Raman band at 1400 cm-1, respectively). In grafted wool keratin, cysteic acid and other oxidation products of disulphide bridges were detected together with sulphated residues. Only slight conformational changes were observed upon grafting, generally towards an enrichment in ordered domains, suggesting that the amorphous regions were more prone to react (and, sometimes, degrade). All samples were shown to be bioactive, with a weight gain of up to 8%. The most bioactive samples contained the highest phosmers amounts, i.e., the highest amounts of phosphate nucleating sites. The sulphate/sulphonate groups present in grafted wool samples appeared to increase bioactivity, as shown by the five-fold increase of the IR phosphate band at 1040 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Foggia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Masuhiro Tsukada
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan;
| | - Paola Taddei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Aprillia I, Suprastiwi E, Megantoro A, Trisna LP, Utami B, Yana S. The effect of rice husk nanosilica hydroxyl compound on dentin biomineralization. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:227-231. [PMID: 34345599 PMCID: PMC8300325 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_227_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice husk nanosilica contains hydroxyl for dentin remineralization. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate the ability of rice husk nanosilica to induce hydroxyapatite dentin. The detachment of hydroxyl from rice husk nanosilica was analyzed using the sol-gel and pyrolysis methods with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, exposing of the demineralized dentin to rice husk nanosilica was performed for a comparison. The formation of hydroxyapatite on dentin was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The amount of hydroxyl released from the two methods was then correlated with the hydroxyapatite that formed at the dentin. The extraction of hydroxyl on rice husk nanosilica with two methods was the same. Analysis of the amount of hydroxyapatite dentin with both the methods corresponds to each other. The correlation test obtains the value of R = 0.656. Rice husk nanosilica has a similar capability to release hydroxyl compound and form hydroxyapatite dentin using two methods. The creation of hydroxyapatite dentin is not only caused by the exposure of rice husk nanosilica but also owing to other factors that might reinforce the process of hydroxyapatite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffi Aprillia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aryo Megantoro
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luh Putu Trisna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budi Utami
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sarmayana Yana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Di Foggia M, Prati C, Gandolfi MG, Taddei P. Spectroscopic and morphological data assessing the apatite forming ability of calcium hydroxide-releasing materials for pulp capping. Data Brief 2019; 23:103719. [PMID: 31372388 PMCID: PMC6661258 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A pulp capping material must perform as a barrier and protect the dental pulpal complex by inducing the formation of a new dentin bridge or dentin-like tissue. Being a favorable condition for the healing process, the apatite forming ability of TheraCal (light-curable Portland-dimethacrylate cement) and Dycal (calcium hydroxide-based) pulp capping materials was studied in two simulated body fluids, i.e. Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). The cements were analyzed before and after soaking in these media for different times (1–28 days) by ESEM-EDX, micro-Raman and IR spectroscopy. This data article refers to “An in vitro study on dentin demineralization and remineralization: collagen rearrangements and influence on the enucleated phase” (Di Foggia et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Foggia
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Unit of Odontostomatological Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Unit of Dental Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Taddei
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Bioactivity potential of Portland cement in regenerative endodontic procedures: From clinic to lab. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1342-1350. [PMID: 31345561 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity potential of an hydraulic calcium-silicate cement, Pure Portland Cement Med-PZ (Medcem, Weinfelden, Switzerland: 'MPC'), applied in a tooth extracted because of failed regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) and by means of ex vivo (EV) specimens. METHODS Ten EV cylindrical dentin cavities were prepared and filled with MPC and stored for 1 month in distilled water (DW), Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), simulated body fluid (SBF), versus no media (NM) serving as control. Six additional EV specimens were filled with MPC and exposed for 2 weeks to leucocyte-and-platelet-rich fibrin (LPRF)-clot (C), LPRF-membrane (M) and LPRF-exudate (E). MPC in the EV specimens and in the coronal part of the REP tooth was analyzed by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy (MR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). RESULTS SEM showed rough crystallite surfaces for the EV samples and a porous surface for the REP tooth. EDS of the EV samples revealed prominent peaks for Ca, Si and O. Storage in HBSS, DPBS, SBF, exposure to LPRF and the REP tooth showed considerable amounts of P as well. MR exhibited vibrations of phosphate (DPBS, SBF), carbonated hydroxyapatite (DPBS, SBF), calcium carbonate (DW, HBSS, NM, REP-tooth, LPRF-E), oxidized (ferric) proteins (LPRF-E/C/M) and the amide III band (all samples). Hence, only storage of MPC in DPBS and SBF for 1 month revealed bioactivity. SIGNIFICANCE The environmental conditions, namely the laboratory and clinical settings, affect the bioactivity potential of MPC.
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