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Mena-Gutiérrez S, Pascual-Colino J, Beobide G, Castillo O, Castellanos-Rubio A, Luque A, Maiza-Razkin E, Mentxaka J, Pérez-Yáñez S. Isoreticular Chemistry and Applications of Supramolecularly Assembled Copper-Adenine Porous Materials. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18496-18509. [PMID: 37910080 PMCID: PMC10647167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The useful concepts of reticular chemistry, rigid and predictable metal nodes together with strong and manageable covalent interactions between metal centers and organic linkers, have made the so-called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) a flourishing area of enormous applicability. In this work, the extension of similar strategies to supramolecularly assembled metal-organic materials has allowed us to obtain a family of isoreticular compounds of the general formula [Cu7(μ-adeninato-κN3:κN9)6(μ3-OH)6(μ-OH2)6](OOC-R-COO)·nH2O (R: ethylene-, acetylene-, naphthalene-, or biphenyl-group) in which the rigid copper-adeninato entities and the organic dicarboxylate anions are held together not by covalent interactions but by a robust and flexible network of synergic hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions based on well-known supramolecular synthons (SMOFs). All compounds are isoreticular, highly insoluble, and water-stable and show a porous crystalline structure with a pcu topology containing a two-dimensional (2D) network of channels, whose dimensions and degree of porosity of the supramolecular network are tailored by the length of the dicarboxylate anion. The partial loss of the crystallization water molecules upon removal from the mother liquor produces a shrinkage of the unit cell and porosity, which leads to a color change of the compounds (from blue to olive green) if complete dehydration is achieved by means of gentle heating or vacuuming. However, the supramolecular network of noncovalent interactions is robust and flexible enough to reverse to the expanded unit cell and color after exposure to a humid atmosphere. This humidity-driven breathing behavior has been used to design a sensor in which the electrical resistance varies reversibly with the degree of humidity, very similar to the water vapor adsorption isotherm of the SMOF. The in-solution adsorption properties were explored for the uptake and release of the widely employed 5-fluorouracil, 4-aminosalycilic acid, 5-aminosalycilic acid, and allopurinol drugs. In addition, cytotoxicity activity assays were completed for the pristine and 5-fluorouracil-loaded samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mena-Gutiérrez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Pascual-Colino
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Garikoitz Beobide
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Oscar Castillo
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Departamento
de Genética, Antropología física y Fisiología
animal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
- Biobizkaia
Research Institute, E-480903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Antonio Luque
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ekain Maiza-Razkin
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Mentxaka
- Biobizkaia
Research Institute, E-480903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, UPV-EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yáñez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad
del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
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Pascual-Colino J, Samun Virpurwala QJ, Mena-Gutiérrez S, Pérez-Yáñez S, Luque A, Beobide G, Velisoju VK, Castaño P, Castillo O. Thermochemical CO 2 Reduction Catalyzed by Homometallic and Heterometallic Nanoparticles Generated from the Thermolysis of Supramolecularly Assembled Porous Metal-Adenine Precursors. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17444-17453. [PMID: 37811902 PMCID: PMC10598881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A family of unprecedented supramolecularly assembled porous metal-organic compounds (SMOFs), based on [Cu6M(μ-adeninato)6(μ3-OH)6(μ-H2O)6]2+ cations (MII: Cu, Co, Ni, and Zn) and different dicarboxylate anions (fumarate, benzoate, and naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate), have been employed as precursors of catalysts for the thermocatalytic reduction of CO2. The selected metal-organic cation allows us to tune the composition of the SMOFs and, therefore, the features and performance of the final homometallic and bimetallic catalysts. These catalysts were obtained by thermolysis at 600 °C under a N2 atmosphere and consist of big metal particles (10-20 μm) placed on the surface of the carbonaceous matrix and very tiny metal aggregates (<10 nm) within this carbonaceous matrix. The latter are the most active catalytic sites for the CO2 thermocatalytic reduction. The amount of this carbonaceous matrix correlates with the organic content present in the metal-organic precursor. In this sense, CO2 thermocatalytic reduction experiments performed over the homometallic, copper only, catalysts with different carbon contents indicate that above a certain value, the increase of the carbonaceous matrix reduces the overall performance by encapsulating the nanoparticles within this matrix and isolating them from interacting with CO2. In fact, the best performing homometallic catalyst is that obtained from the precursor containing a small fumarate counterion. On the other hand, the structural features of these precursors also provide a facile route to work with a solid solution of nanoparticles as many of these metal-organic compounds can replace up to 1/7 of the copper atoms by zinc, cobalt, or nickel. Among these heterometallic catalysts, the best performing one is that of copper and zinc, which provides the higher conversion and selectivity toward CO. XPS spectroscopy and EDX mappings of the latter catalyst clearly indicate the presence of Cu1-xZnx nanoparticles covered by small ZnO aggregates that provide a better CO2 adsorption and easier CO release sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Pascual-Colino
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Quaid Johar Samun Virpurwala
- Multiscale
Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandra Mena-Gutiérrez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yáñez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Antonio Luque
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Garikoitz Beobide
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Vijay K. Velisoju
- Multiscale
Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro Castaño
- Multiscale
Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oscar Castillo
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa E-48940, Spain
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Gupta RK, Riaz M, Ashafaq M, Gao ZY, Varma RS, Li DC, Cui P, Tung CH, Sun D. Adenine-incorporated metal–organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Supramolecular Assemblies of Trinuclear Copper(II)-Pyrazolato Units: A Structural, Magnetic and EPR Study. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two anionic complexes, {[Cu3(µ3-OH)(µ-4-Ph-pz)3Cl3]2[Cu(4-Ph-pzH)4](µ-Cl)2}2− (1) and [Cu3(µ3-OH)(µ-pz)3(µ1,1-N3)2(N3)]− (2), crystallize as one-dimensional polymers, held together by weak Cu-(µ-Cl) and Cu-(µ-N3) interactions, respectively. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility analyses determined the dominant antiferromagnetic intra-Cu3 exchange parameters in the solid state for both complexes, whereas the weak ferromagnetic inter-Cu3 interactions manifested also in the solid state EPR spectra, are absent in the corresponding frozen solution spectra. DFT calculations were employed to support the results of the magnetic susceptibility analyses.
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