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Kozieł S, Wojtala D, Szmitka M, Kędzierski P, Bieńko D, Komarnicka UK. Insights into the binding of half-sandwich phosphino Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid, albumin and apo-transferrin: Experimental and theoretical investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123289. [PMID: 37651843 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of cytotoxic half-sandwich iridium(III) (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (IrPOH)), (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH)), and ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (RuPOH), Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (RuMPOH)) complexes with phosphine ligands exhibit the ability to (i) slow hydrolysis which is reversed by adding a high NaCl concentration; (ii) oxidation of NADH to NAD+; (iii) induction of cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RuPOH and RuMPOH selectively inhibit the proliferation of skin cancer cells (WM266-4) while Ir(III) complexes were found to be moderate against prostate cancer cells (DU-145). Herein, to elucidate the cytotoxic effects, we investigated the interaction of these complexes with DNA and serum proteins by gel electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking studies. Fluorescence spectroscopic data (calf thymus DNA: CT-DNA titration), together with analysis of DNA fragmentation (gel electrophoresis) and molecular docking provided evidence for the multimodal interaction of Ir(III) and Ru(III) complexes with DNA with predominance of intercalation and minor groove binding. All examined complexes caused single-stranded cleavage of the sugar-phosphate backbone of plasmid DNA. The affinity of the complexes for apo-transferrin (apo-Tf) and human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy to calculate the binding constants which suggested a tight and reversible binding. Moreover, ruthenium complexes can mimic the binding of iron compounds to specific biomolecules such as albumin and transferrin better than iridium complexes. In silico study indicate that complexes mostly bind to (i) apo-Tf with a preference for a single binding site and/or (ii) to dock within all the four predicted binding sites of HSA with the predominance of site I which include tryptophan residues of HSA. This class of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes has unusual features worthy of further exploration in the design of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Wojtala
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szmitka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Piplani P, Kumar A, Kulshreshtha A, Vohra T, Piplani V. Recent Development of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors: An Update. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1001-1030. [PMID: 37909434 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264264230921080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global public health threat that occurs when bacterial or fungal infections do not respond to the drug regimen designed to treat these infections. As a result, these microbes are not evaded and continue to grow. Antibiotic resistance against natural and already-known antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Novobiocin can be overcome by developing an agent that can act in different ways. The success of agents like Zodiflodacin and Zenoxacin in clinical trials against DNA gyrase inhibitors that act on different sites of DNA gyrase has resulted in further exploration of this target. However, due to the emergence of bacterial resistance against these targets, there is a great need to design agents that can overcome this resistance and act with greater efficacy. This review provides information on the synthetic and natural DNA gyrase inhibitors that have been developed recently and their promising potential for combating antimicrobial resistance. The review also presents information on molecules that are in clinical trials and their current status. It also analysed the SAR studies and mechanisms of action of enlisted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Piplani
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Akanksha Kulshreshtha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Tamanna Vohra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160017, India
| | - Vritti Piplani
- Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, 173205, India
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Ghosh B, Roy N, Roy D, Mandal S, Mondal M, Dakua VK, Dutta A, Sen S, Kumar A, Chakraborty R, Roy MN. Exploring Inclusion Complex of an Antithyroid Drug (PTU) with α-Cyclodextrin for Innovative Applications by Physicochemical Approach Optimized by Molecular Docking. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Kumar Tarai S, Mandal S, Bhaduri R, Pan A, Biswas P, Bhattacharjee A, Moi SC. Bioactivity, molecular docking and anticancer behavior of pyrrolidine based Pt(II) complexes: Their kinetics, DNA and BSA binding study by spectroscopic methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122059. [PMID: 36410178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex [Pt(AEP)Cl2]; C-1 (where, AEP = 1-(2-Aminoethyl) pyrrolidine) and its hydrolyzed diaqua form cis-[Pt(AEP)(H2O)2]2+; C-2 were synthesized for their bioactivity and in vitro kinetic study with bioactive thiol group (-SH) containing ligands (like; L- cysteine and N-ac-L- cysteine) for their biological importance for 'drug reservoir' activity. The Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was executed to confirm about the weight loss due to coordinated water molecules at high temperature range. At pH 4.0, the substitution behavior of C-2 with the thiols was studied in pseudo-first order reaction condition. The interaction mechanism of thiols with complex C-2 to their corresponding thiol substituted C-3 [Pt(AEP)(L-cys)] and C-4 [Pt(AEP)(N-ac-L-cys)] (where L-cys = L-cysteine and N-ac-L-cys = N-ac-L- cysteine) were proposed from their thermodynamical activation parameters (ΔH≠ and ΔS≠), which were obtained from Eyring equation. DNA and BSA binding activity of the complexes C-1 to C-4 were investigated by gel electrophoresis technique, spectroscopic titration and viscosity methods. The binding activity of the complexes with DNA and BSA was evaluated using a theoretical approach molecular docking study. The drug-like nature of the complexes is supported by the prediction of activity spectra for substance (PASS) from 2D structure of the Pt(II) complexes. Structural optimization, HOMO-LUMO energy calculation, Molecular electrostatic potential surface, NBO and TD-DFT calculation were executed by using density functional theory (DFT) with Gaussian 09 software package to pre-assessment of biological activity of the complexes. DFT-based descriptors were determined from the HOMO-LUMA energy to be related with the ability of binding affinity of Pt(II) complexes towards DNA and BSA to the formation of their corresponding adducts. The anticancer property of the design complexes were examined on HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) cancer cell lines and as well as human normal cell NKE (Normal Kidney Epithelial) and compared with the recognised anticancer drug cisplatin. The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production was assessed by DCFDA assay in presence of the Pt(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Kumar Tarai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Bhaduri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Angana Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Ch Moi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
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A novel heterometallic ruthenium-silver complex as potential antitumor agent: Studies on its synthesis, in vitro assays and interactions with biomolecular targets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 179:106276. [PMID: 35977652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Certain ruthenium compounds are found to be potent growth inhibitors for cancer cells. In the current study, a novel ruthenium-triphenylphosphine (PPh3) cation and silver-2-mercapto nicotinate acid (H2mna) anion complex (RSC) was synthesized, and its molecular structure was determined by IR, NMR and X-ray crystallography. Biological assays revealed that RSC strongly inhibited the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 9.6±1.1 and 7.5±0.8 µM, respectively, and significantly blocked their migration rates. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence emission experiments demonstrated that RSC interacted with BSA, but not DNA. Further studies on [Ag6(Hmna)2(mna)4]4- binding with BSA and DNA found the anion did not interact with these biomolecules, indicating that RSC exerted its biological functions through its ruthenium-PPh3 complex (RTC) moiety, and molecular docking provided additional evidence supporting this result. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer showed that the number of binding sites (n) and binding constant of RTC-BSA complex were 1 and 8.60 × 104 M-1 at 310K, suggesting a strong interaction between RTC and BSA. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0 of the binding were calculated, and it was demonstrated that the binding of RTC with BSA was enthalpy-driven, and the main forces between RTC and BSA were electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking showed that the binding site of BSA with RSC was located on the interface between the domains IIA and IIB of the protein. The present study sheds light on that a ruthenium mono-coordinated with PPh3 complex could help to design and develop a new class of antitumor drugs.
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Mandal S, Tarai SK, Pan A, Bhaduri R, Biswas P, Moi SC. Cytotoxic effects of Pd(II) complexes on cancer and normal cells: Their DNA & BSA adduct formation and theoretical approaches. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106093. [PMID: 35985157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of Pd(II) complexes: Pd(TEEDA)Cl2, C-1; [Pd(TEEDA)(OH2)2](NO3)2, C-2; [Pd(TEEDA)(l-cys)](NO3)2, C-3; [Pd(TEEDA)(NALC)], C-4; [Pd(TEEDA)(Meth)](NO3)2, C-5; and [Pd(TEEDA)(GSH)], C-6 (where TEEDA = N,N,N'-Triethylenediamine, l-cys = l-cysteine, NALC = N-acetyl-l-cysteine, Meth = dl-methionine and GSH = glutathione). UV-Vis spectroscopic characterisation was supported by TD-DFT theoretical simulation using Gaussian09 software. Different reactivity parameters were calculated from the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO of the complexes by DFT. The bonding mode of the labile ligands was confirmed by NBO analysis. Interaction of the complexes with DNA has been observed by gel electrophoresis experiment. DNA binding nature as well as binding constants of the complexes were measured with UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic method. The binding nature of the complexes with DNA was confirmed by viscometric titration. Interaction of the complexes with BSA was investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence titration method. Cytotoxic activity of the Pd(II) complexes was evaluated on A549 (lung carcinoma epithelial cells), HCT116(Colorectal Carcinoma) and HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells) cell lines. The ROS generation in the presence of the complexes was tested both on cancer cell lines A549 and HCT116 as well as human normal cell HEK293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarup Kumar Tarai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Angana Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Bhaduri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankar Chandra Moi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur- 713209, West Bengal, India.
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