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Caliskan M, Ilikci-Sagkan R, Bayrak G, Ozlem-Caliskan S. Monitoring Apoptosis and Myeloid Differentiation of Acridine Orange-Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy-Induced Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL60 Cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024. [PMID: 39257135 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), conventional therapies can lead to severe side effects and drug resistance. There is a need for alternative treatments that do not cause treatment resistance and have minimal or no side effects. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), due to its noninvasive, multiple repeatability, localized treatment feature and do not cause treatment resistance, emerges as an alternative treatment option. However, it has not received sufficient attention in the treatment of AML especially acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The aim of the study was to investigate the potential differentiation and antileukemic effects of acridine orange (AO)-mediated SDT on HL60 cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method in the control, ultrasound, AO concentrations, and ultrasound-exposed AO concentrations groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine morphology, and flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, DNA cycle, cell volume, mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and differentiation markers (CD11b and CD15) expressions. Additionally, toluidine blue staining for semithin sections was used to determine differentiation. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of AO-mediated SDT on HL60 cells was significantly higher than other groups, and TEM images showed that it caused various morphological changes typical for apoptosis. Flow cytometry results showed the presence of early apoptosis, subG1 arrest, loss of Δψm, increase of intracellular ROS production, decreased cell volume, and increased expression of CD11b (1.3-fold) antigen and CD15 (1.2-fold) antigen. CONCLUSION Data showed that AO-mediated SDT significantly induced apoptosis in HL60 cells. Increased expression of CD11b and CD15 antigens and morphological findings demonstrated that AO-mediated SDT contributes to granulocytic differentiation in HL60 cells. AO-mediated SDT has potential as an alternative treatment of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Caliskan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Ilikci-Sagkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Bayrak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
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Turkkol A, Can Karanlık C, Calıskan SG, Bilgin MD, Erdoğmuş A, Güzel E. Hybrid Sono-Photodynamic Combination Therapy Mediated by Water-Soluble Gallium Phthalocyanine Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect against Breast Cancer Cell Lines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2725-2733. [PMID: 38591733 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease that is gaining increasing importance due to its rising incidence, highlighting the need for novel treatment methods with the least disadvantages. Recently, scientists have focused on developing therapeutic treatment modalities for effective cancer treatment. In contrast to conventional cancer treatment methods such as immunotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is gaining prominence. Besides, sonodynamic treatment (SDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that uses ultrasound to induce high tissue penetration. In both methods, sensitizers are activated to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species such as •OH and 1O2. In particular, the combined use of hybrid and complementary treatment methods has become an important modality in cancer treatment in recent years. Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT), which is an important method applied in combination with PDT and SDT, has started to be preferred in terms of reducing potential side effects compared to monotherapy. One of the most important types of sensitizers used in PDT and SDT is known as phthalocyanines (Pcs). Motivated by these facts, this research presents the sono-photochemical, in vitro cytotoxicity, and theoretical evaluation of water-soluble gallium phthalocyanine (GaPc). The results indicate that the quantum yield of the generation of singlet oxygen increased in sono-photochemical studies (ΦΔ = 0.94), compared to photochemical studies (ΦΔ = 0.72). In vitro analyses revealed that GaPc did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects at the specified varying concentration doses (1-20 μM). Furthermore, GaPc-mediated SPDT triggered cell death by inducing reactive oxygen species formation in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The interaction mechanism of the GaPc with EGFR and VEGFR2 target proteins, which are critical regulators of metastasis, proliferation, and angiogenesis, was investigated by molecular docking simulation. GaPc has effective binding affinities against target proteins, and this affinity was found to be the highest against VEGFR2. Molecular docking results showed a good correlation with the obtained biological results. Eventually, this molecular building of the efficient water-soluble phthalocyanine-based sensitizer is a potential therapeutic for PDT, SDT, and SPDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Turkkol
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkiye
| | - Ceren Can Karanlık
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Serife Gökce Calıskan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Dincer Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkiye
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Emre Güzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Turkiye
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Turkiye
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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Design consideration of phthalocyanines as sensitizers for enhanced sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy of cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1077-1097. [PMID: 38486981 PMCID: PMC10935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality globally. Conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness, non-controllability, and development of resistance for some, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy (SPDT) has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic approach. SPDT combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which uses ultrasound, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light, to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer eradication. The use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and PDT. This review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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FARAJZADEH N, YENİLMEZ HY, YAŞA ATMACA G, ERDOĞMUŞ A, ALTUNTAŞ BAYIR Z. Sonophotochemical and photochemical efficiency of thiazole-containing metal phthalocyanines and their gold nanoconjugates. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1085-1102. [PMID: 38173750 PMCID: PMC10760820 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis of some metal {M = Zn(II), Lu(III), Si(IV)} phthalocyanines bearing chlorine and 2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl) ethoxy groups at peripheral or axial positions. The newly synthesized metal phthalocyanines were characterized by applying FT-IR, 1H NMR, mass, and UV-Vis spectroscopic approaches. Additionally, the surface of gold nanoparticles was modified with zinc(II) and silicon(IV) phthalocyanines. The resultant nanoconjugates were characterized using TEM images. Moreover, the effect of metal ions and position of substituent, and gold nanoparticles on the photochemical and sonophotochemical properties of the studied phthalocyanines was investigated. The highest singlet oxygen quantum yield was obtained for the lutetium phthalocyanine by applying photochemical and sonophotochemical methods. However, the linkage of the zinc(II) and silicon(IV) phthalocyanines to the surface of gold nanoparticles improved significantly their singlet oxygen generation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli FARAJZADEH
- Department of Chemistry, İstanbul Technical University, Maslak, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | | | - Göknur YAŞA ATMACA
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ali ERDOĞMUŞ
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Zehra ALTUNTAŞ BAYIR
- Department of Chemistry, İstanbul Technical University, Maslak, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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Alves F, Pratavieira S, Inada NM, Barrera Patiño CP, Kurachi C. Effects on Colonization Factors and Mechanisms Involved in Antimicrobial Sonophotodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2407. [PMID: 37896167 PMCID: PMC10610509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic (PDI) and sonodynamic (SDI) inactivation have been successfully employed as antimicrobial treatments. Moreover, sonophotodynamic inactivation (SPDI), which is the simultaneous application of PDI and SDI, has demonstrated greater effects. This study assessed the effects of PDI (PDI group), SDI (SDI group) and SPDI (SPDI group) using curcumin as a sensitizer on the metabolism, adhesion capability, biofilm formation ability and structural effects in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the degradation spectrum of curcumin under the irradiation sources were measured. SPDI was more effective in inactivating the biofilm than PDI and SDI. All treatments reduced the adhesion ability of the bacteria: 58 ± 2%, 58 ± 1% and 71 ± 1% of the bacterial cells adhered to the polystyrene plate after the SPDI, SDI and PDI, respectively, when compared to 79 ± 1% of the untreated cells (control group). This result is probably related to the metabolism cell reduction after treatments. The metabolism of cells from the PDI group was 89 ± 1% lower than the untreated cells, while the metabolic activity of SDI and SPDI groups were 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 1% lower, respectively. Regarding the biofilm formation ability, all treatments (SPDI, SDI and PDI) reduced the total biomass. The total biomass of the PDI, SDI and SPDI groups were 26 ± 2%, 31 ± 5% and 35 ± 6% lower than the untreated biofilm (control group), respectively. Additionally, all treatments produced ROS and caused significant structural changes, reducing cells and the extracellular matrix. The light caused a greater absorbance decay of the curcumin; however, the US did not expressively alter its spectrum. Finally, SPDI had improved antimicrobial effects, and all treatments exhibited similar effects in the colonization factors evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13560-970, Brazil; (S.P.); (N.M.I.); (C.P.B.P.); (C.K.)
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ÖZÇEŞMECİ M, CAN KARANLIK C, ERDOĞMUŞ A, HAMURYUDAN E. Comparatively sonophotochemical and photochemical studies of phthalocyanines with cationic substituents on nonperipheral positions. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1160-1168. [PMID: 38173756 PMCID: PMC10760847 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The term sonophotodynamic therapy (SPDT) refers to a combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which the efficacy of the treatment is boosted by utilizing the proper amount of a sensitizer that is responsive to both light and ultrasound. Although it has been proven in photophysicochemical studies that SPDT enhances singlet oxygen production, related studies in the literature are very limited. Considering this situation, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of synthesized phthalocyanines in terms of PDT and SPDT. The singlet oxygen quantum values calculated as 0.13 for 5, 0.44 for 6, and 0.61 for 7 in photochemical (PDT) application increased to 0.18, 0.86, and 0.92, respectively, with sonophotochemical (SPDT) application. According to the results, singlet oxygen production was more efficient with SPDT. This work will add to the body of knowledge on employing the SPDT approach to increase singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes ÖZÇEŞMECİ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ceren CAN KARANLIK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ali ERDOĞMUŞ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Esin HAMURYUDAN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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