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Cheng WN, Li XJ, Zhao JJ, Zhu-Salzman K. Cloning and characterization of Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) genes in the wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:292-303. [PMID: 30156035 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH), a growth regulator, inhibits ecdysteroid-induced metamorphosis and controls insect development and diapause. Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) are two proteins involved in JH action. To gain some insight into their function in development of Sitodiplosis mosellana, an insect pest undergoing obligatory larval diapause at the mature 3rd instar stage, we cloned full-length complementary DNAs of Met and Kr-h1 from this species. SmMet encoded a putative protein, which contained three domains typical of the bHLH-PAS family and eight conserved amino acid residues important for JH binding. SmKr-h1 encoded a protein showing high sequence homology to its counterparts in other species, and contained all eight highly conserved Zn-finger motifs for DNA-binding. Expression patterns of SmMet and SmKr-h1 were developmentally regulated and JH III responsive as well. Their mRNA abundance increased as larvae entered early 3rd instar, pre-diapause and maintenance stages, and peaked during post-diapause quiescence, a pattern correlated with JH titers in this species. Different from reduced expression of SmMet, SmKr-h1 mRNA increased at mid-to-late period of post-diapause development. Topical application of JH III on diapausing larvae also induced the two genes in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of SmMet and SmKr-h1 clearly declined in the pre-pupal phase, and was significantly higher in female adults than male adults. These results suggest that JH-responsive SmMet and SmKr-h1 might play key roles in diapause induction and maintenance as well as in post-diapause quiescence and adult reproduction, whereas metamorphosis from larvae to pupae might be correlated with their reduced expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ning Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Suang S, Hiruma K, Kaneko Y, Manaboon M. Diapause hormone directly stimulates the prothoracic glands of diapause larvae under juvenile hormone regulation in the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis Hampson. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21603. [PMID: 31328828 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Larval diapause in many lepidopteran insects is induced and maintained by high juvenile hormone (JH). In the case of the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis, the effect of JH is the opposite: The application of juvenile hormone analog (JHA: S-methoprene) terminates larval diapause, unlike in other insect species. Here, we analyzed the expression of JH-receptor Met, DH-PBAN, and Kr-h1 in the subesophageal ganglion (SG) from October to April using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results show that OfMet and OfDH-PBAN messenger RNA in the SG are mainly expressed during the larval diapause stage, while OfKr-h1 increases during the pupal stage. Using tissue culture techniques and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), diapause hormone (DH) was found to induce ecdysteroidogenesis in the culture medium of the prothoracic gland (PG) after incubation for 30 min with 25 ng and 50 ng of DH. Thus, DH is a novel stimulator for the PG. We identified a DHR homolog in the bamboo borer and confirmed that it is expressed in the PG. In addition, for in vitro experiments, DH increased the expression levels of OfDHR, OfEcR-A, and ecdysone-inducible genes in the PG. These results demonstrate that DH can function as a prothoracicotropic factor, and this function of DH might be through of DHR expressed on PG cells. Consequently, DH is one of the key factors in larval diapause break which is triggered by JH in the bamboo borer, O. fuscidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphawan Suang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kiyoshi Hiruma
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yu Kaneko
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manaporn Manaboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Suang S, Manaboon M, Singtripop T, Hiruma K, Kaneko Y, Tiansawat P, Neumann P, Chantawannakul P. Larval diapause termination in the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174919. [PMID: 28369111 PMCID: PMC5378396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulate larval growth and molting. However, little is known about how this cooperative control is terminating larval diapause especially in the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we here measured the expression levels of genes which were affected by juvenile hormone analogue (JHA: S-methoprene) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in diapausing O. fuscidentalis larvae. Corresponding mRNA expression changes in the subesophageal ganglion (SG) and prothoracic gland (PG) were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The data showed similar response patterns of JH receptor gene (OfMet), diapause hormone gene (OfDH-PBAN), ecdysone receptor genes (OfEcR-A and OfEcR-B1) and ecdysone inducible genes (OfBr-C, OfE75A, OfE75B, OfE75C and OfHR3). JHA induced the expressions of OfMet and OfDH-PBAN in both SG and PG, whereas ecdysone receptor genes and ecdysone inducible genes were induced by JHA only in PG. For 20E treatment group, expressions of ecdysone receptor genes and ecdysone inducible genes in both SG and PG were increased by 20E injection. In addition, the in vitro experiments showed that OfMet and OfDH-PBAN were up-regulated by JHA alone, but ecdysone receptor genes and ecdysone inducible genes were up-regulated by JHA and 20E. However, OfMet and OfDH-PBAN in the SG was expressed faster than OfMet and OfDH-PBAN in the PG and the expression of ecdysone receptor genes and ecdysone inducible genes induced by JHA was much later than observed for 20E. These results indicate that JHA might stimulate the PG indirectly via factors (OfMet and OfDH-PBAN) in the SG, which might be a regulatory mechanism for larval diapause termination in O. fuscidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphawan Suang
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Manaporn Manaboon
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Singtripop
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kiyoshi Hiruma
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yu Kaneko
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Pimonrat Tiansawat
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peter Neumann
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Bee Protection Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Manaboon M, Yasanga T, Sakurai S, Singtripop T. Programmed cell death of larval tissues induced by juvenile hormone in the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1202-1208. [PMID: 22732232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role during animal development through the destruction of unneeded cells and tissues. In some insects, the prothoracic glands (PGs) and anterior silk glands (ASGs) are larval-specific tissues that are normally eliminated by PCD after pupation. Previous studies report that juvenile hormone analog (JHA) terminates the larval diapause of Omphisa fuscidentalis by increasing the hemolymph ecdysteroids that trigger PCD. Because JHA may indirectly induce the PCD of the PGs and ASGs of Omphisa diapausing larvae, the effects of JHA on the induction of PCD were determined. The application of 1μg JHA induced PCD in the PGs and ASGs of larvae identified as stage G0 (prior to pupation). The injection of 1μg 20E triggered the PCD of the ASGs when the larvae expressed a G0-G1 morphology, whereas PCD occurred in the PGs on day 1 post-injection. Histological studies revealed similar patterns of morphological changes during the PG and ASG PCD in the JHA- and 20E-treated larvae. Furthermore, to confirm that PCD was induced by a high ecdysteroid level that increases after JHA application, the expression profiles of EcR-A and EcR-B1 in the PGs and ASGs from the JHA-treated larvae were examined, and the results showed that the expression levels of EcR-A and EcR-B1 mRNA increased during the G0 stage. These results suggest that JHA may be involved in PCD by increasing the ecdysteroid titer, leading to termination of the larval diapause period in Omphisa fuscidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaporn Manaboon
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Jiang X, Huang S, Luo L. Juvenile hormone changes associated with diapause induction, maintenance, and termination in the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 77:134-144. [PMID: 21541990 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
At 22°C and under a long-day photoperiod of L:D 16:8, all the last fifth instar Loxostege sticticalis larvae undergo prepupal stage and pupate without diapause. Under a short-day photoperiod of L:D 12:12, in contrast, they all enter diapause with approximately 36 days diapause maintenance and then terminate diapause spontaneously, although only 44% of the larvae terminated diapause successfully. Changes in hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH I) titers of diapause-destined larvae across diapause induction, maintenance and termination were examined using HPLC, and were compared with those of non-diapause-destined larvae from the fifth instar through pupation. JH I titer of the earliest fifth instar diapause-destined larvae remained at a high level with a peak of 220.4 ng/ml, though it decreased continuously to a minimum of 69.0 ng/ml on day 5 in the fifth instar when the larvae stopped feeding to enter diapause. During the diapause maintenance, JH I titer of the mature larvae increased significantly and maintained a high level until day 31 in prepupae. JH I titer declined and fluctuated at low level from 5 days before pupation. In contrast, JH I titer of both the fifth instar non-diapause-destined larvae and prepupae remained and fluctuated at low level consistently, as well as decreased before pupation. These results indicate that diapause induction and maintenance in this species might be a consequence of high JH, whereas diapause termination can be attributed to low JH titer, which was in agreement with the hormonal regulation observed in many other larval-diapausing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Schiesari L, Kyriacou CP, Costa R. The hormonal and circadian basis for insect photoperiodic timing. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1450-60. [PMID: 21354417 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Daylength perception in temperate zones is a critical feature of insect life histories, and leads to developmental changes for resisting unfavourable seasons. The role of the neuroendocrine axis in the photoperiodic response of insects is discussed in relation to the key organs and molecules that are involved. We also discuss the controversial issue of the possible involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodicity. Drosophila melanogaster has a shallow photoperiodic response that leads to reproductive arrest in adults, yet the unrivalled molecular genetic toolkit available for this model insect should allow the systematic molecular and neurobiological dissection of this complex phenotype.
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Qiu Z, MacRae TH. A Molecular Overview of Diapause in Embryos of the Crustacean, Artemia franciscana. DORMANCY AND RESISTANCE IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12422-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tatun N, Singtripop T, Tungjitwitayakul J, Sakurai S. Regulation of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase activity and expression of the enzyme in the larval midgut of the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 38:788-95. [PMID: 18625402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Diapausing larvae of Omphisa fuscidentalis contain soluble and membrane-bound trehalase in the midgut. Soluble trehalase activity accounts for three-fourths of the total trehalase activity in midgut homogenates. The exposure of diapausing larvae to juvenile hormone analog (JHA) induced pupation, accompanied by an increase in soluble trehalase activity at the beginning of the prepupal period. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) increased the level of soluble trehalase activity 5 days postinjection in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, no increase in membrane-bound trehalase activity was observed under the same conditions. We cloned the cDNAs that encode the soluble and membrane-bound forms of trehalase in O. fuscidentalis trehalase-1 (OfTreh-1) and trehalase-2 (OfTreh-2), respectively. Treh-1 encodes a 581-aa protein while Treh-2 encodes a 648-aa protein with one putative transmembrane domain near the C-terminus. The mRNA expression level of Treh-1 was 27-fold higher than that of Treh-2 in diapausing larval midgut. Following the exposure of diapausing larvae to JHA, Treh-1 mRNA expression increased gradually until the prepupal period whereupon it increased dramatically; in contrast, the mRNA expression of Treh-2 remained at its initial level. Similarly, 20E upregulated Treh-1 expression but had no effect on Treh-2 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that an increase in the soluble trehalase activity at pupation is caused by upregulation of Treh-1 gene. Moreover, membrane-bound trehalase does not appear to be involved in the dynamic changes in the hemolymph trehalose concentration that occur during the larval-pupal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nujira Tatun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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