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Xie Y, Wang M, Zhang L, Wu X, Yang X, Tobe SS. Synthesis and biological activity of FGLamide allatostatin analogs with Phe3residue modifications. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:600-6. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Harbord St. Toronto ON M5S 3G5 Canada
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide; Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co. Ltd.; Shenyang 110021 China
| | - Meizi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Stephen S. Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology; University of Toronto; 25 Harbord St. Toronto ON M5S 3G5 Canada
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Xie Y, Zhang L, Zhang C, Wu X, Deng X, Yang X, Tobe SS. Synthesis, biological activity, and conformational study of N-methylated allatostatin analogues inhibiting juvenile hormone biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2870-2876. [PMID: 25751662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An allatostatin (AST) neuropeptide mimic (H17) is a potential insect growth regulator, which inhibits the production of juvenile hormone (JH) by the corpora allata. To determine the effect of conformation of novel AST analogues and their ability to inhibit JH biosynthesis, eight insect AST analogues were synthesized using H17 as the lead compound by N-methylation scanning, which is a common strategy for improving the biological properties of peptides. A bioassay using JH production by corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata indicated that single N-methylation mimics (analogues 1-4) showed more activity than double N-methylation mimics (analogues 5-8). Especially, analogues 1 and 4 showed roughly equivalent activity to that of H17, with IC50 values of 5.17 × 10(-8) and 6.44 × 10(-8) M, respectively. Molecular modeling based on nuclear magnetic resonance data showed that the conformation of analogues 1 and 4 seems to be flexible, whereas analogues 2 and 3 showed a type IV β-turn. This flexible linear conformation was hypothesized to be a new important and indispensable structural element beneficial to the activity of AST mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- ‡Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
- §State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company, Limited, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Zhang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- ‡Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Xile Deng
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Yang
- †Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen S Tobe
- ‡Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
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Meng QW, Liu XP, Lü FG, Fu KY, Guo WC, Li GQ. Involvement of a putative allatostatin in regulation of juvenile hormone titer and the larval development in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Gene 2015; 554:105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Molecular cloning and characterization of three cDNAs encoding allatostatin-like neurosecretory peptides from Pandalopsis japonica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 163:334-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tarver MR, Coy MR, Scharf ME. Cyp15F1: a novel cytochrome P450 gene linked to juvenile hormone-dependent caste differention in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 80:92-108. [PMID: 22550027 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Termites are eusocial insects that jointly utilize juvenile hormone (JH), pheromones, and other semiochemicals to regulate caste differentiation and achieve caste homeostasis. Prior EST sequencing from the symbiont-free gut transcriptome of Reticulitermes flavipes unexpectedly revealed a number of unique cytochrome P450 (Cyp) transcripts, including fragments of a Cyp15 family gene (Cyp15F1) with homology to other insect Cyp15s that participate in JH biosynthesis. The present study investigated the role of Cyp15F1 in termite caste polyphenism and specifically tested the hypothesis that it plays a role in JH-dependent caste differentiation. After assembling the full-length Cyp15F1 cDNA sequence, we (i) determined its mRNA tissue expression profile, (ii) investigated mRNA expression changes in response to JH and the caste-regulatory primer pheromones γ-cadinene (CAD) and γ-cadinenal (ALD), and (iii) used RNA interference (RNAi) in combination with caste differentiation bioassays to investigate gene function at the phenotype level. Cyp15F1 has ubiquitous whole-body expression (including gut tissue); is rapidly and sustainably induced from 3 h to 48 h by JH, CAD, and ALD; and functions at least in part by facilitating JH-dependent soldier caste differentiation. These findings provide the second example of a termite caste regulatory gene identified through the use of RNAi, and significantly build upon our understanding of termite caste homeostatic mechanisms. These results also reinforce the concept of environmental caste determination in termites by revealing how primer pheromones, as socioenvironmental factors, can directly influence Cyp15 expression and caste differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Tarver
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Chan KK, Abel DS, Stay B. Fine structure of corpora allata of castes with different rates of juvenile hormone production in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2011; 40:26-38. [PMID: 20849977 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to describe corpora allata (CA) of several castes of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes that have different rates of juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis, with respect to differences in fine structure, volume, and intensity of allatostatin immunoreactivity in their innervation. The castes chosen are workers and their potential derivatives, apterous secondary reproductives and pre-soldiers (the precursors of soldiers). These castes, at the stages chosen, produce JH at low, high and intermediate rates respectively. Hormone production is positively correlated with volume and negatively correlated with intensity of allatostatin immunoreactivity in axons within the glands. Characteristics of fine structure that correlate with increased activity are increase in abundance and width of mitochondria, decrease in ability to fix and visualize smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These features have previously been described for CA of cockroaches and other insects. Glycogen in the CA of all of the castes studied, especially the large amounts in highly active glands of physogastric apterous reproductive females, is the most striking difference between the CA cells of R. flavipes and previously described CA of cockroaches, in which glycogen is absent throughout the reproductive cycles. This suggests that glycogen is an important source of energy for hormone production by termite CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen K Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abdel-latief M, Hoffmann KH. Neuropeptide regulators of the juvenile hormone biosynthesis (in vitro) in the beetle, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 74:135-146. [PMID: 20544805 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Tribolium castaneum encodes two allatostatin [AS type B; W(X)(6)Wamide and AS type C; PISCF-OH] and one allatotropin (AT) precursor, but no AS type A (FGLamide) (Tribolium Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2008: Nature 452:949-955). Here we studied the activity (in vitro) of peptides derived from these precursors on the synthesis/release of juvenile hormone (JH) III. The corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complexes of adult females of another tenebrionid beetle, the mealworm Tenebrio molitor, were used. Incubating the gland complexes in a medium containing Trica-AS B3 peptide, we showed that the peptide has allatostatic function in T. molitor. The activity of the type C AS depended on the age of the test animals and their intrinsic rate of JH III biosynthesis. The Trica-AS C peptide inhibited the JH release from CA of 3-day-old females with a high intrinsic rate of JH synthesis, but activated JH release from the CA of 7-day-old females with a lower intrinsic rate of JH production. The allatotropin peptide (Trica-AT) also activated the JH release from the CA of 7-day-old females in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Unexpectedly, a type A AS derived from the precursor of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Peram-AS A2b) inhibited the JH release from the CA of younger and older females in the concentration range of 10(-8) to 10(-4) M, and the effects were fully reversible in the absence of peptide. These data suggest a complex role of allatoactive neuropeptides in the regulation of JH III biosynthesis in beetles.
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Elliott KL, Chan KK, Stay B. Evidence for a Phe-Gly-Leu-amide-like allatostatin in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. Peptides 2010; 31:402-7. [PMID: 19793542 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The allatostatins (ASTs) with Phe-Gly-Leu-amide C-terminal sequence are multifunctional neuropeptides discovered as inhibitors of juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by corpora allata (CA) of cockroaches. Although these ASTs inhibit JH synthesis only in cockroaches, crickets, termites and locusts, isolation of peptides or of cDNA/genomic DNA or analysis of genomes indicates their occurrence in many orders of insects with the exception of coleopterans. The gene for these ASTs has not been found in the genome of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Family Tenebrionidae). Yet, in view of widespread occurrence of these peptides in insects, crustaceans and nematodes, they would be expected to occur in beetles. This study provides evidence for the presence of FGLa-like ASTs in the tenebrionid beetle, Tenebrio molitor, and scarabid beetle, Popillia japonica. Extract of brain from both beetles inhibited JH synthesis by cockroach CA dose dependently and reversibly. 20 brain equivalents of T. molitor and P. japonica extracts inhibited JH synthesis 64+/-5 and 65+/-0.6% respectively. Antibody against cockroach allatostatin (Diploptera punctata AST-7) used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reacted with brain extract of these beetles. Antibody against D. punctata AST-5 localized FGLa-like ASTs in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of T. molitor and P. japonica. In addition, pretreatment of T. molitor brain extract with anti-D. punctata AST-5 reduced the inhibition of JH synthesis and pretreatment of anti-D. punctata AST-5 with D. punctata AST-5 diminished the immunoreactivity of the antibody. Thus we predict that FGLa-like allatostatins will be found in beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 163 Jefferson Street, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Donohue KV, Khalil SMS, Ross E, Grozinger CM, Sonenshine DE, Michael Roe R. Neuropeptide signaling sequences identified by pyrosequencing of the American dog tick synganglion transcriptome during blood feeding and reproduction. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 40:79-90. [PMID: 20060044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of numerous pathogens that impact human and animal health. The tick central nervous system represents an understudied area in tick biology and no tick synganglion-specific transcriptome has been described to date. Here we characterize whole or partial cDNA sequences of fourteen putative neuropeptides (allatostatin, insulin-like peptide, ion-transport peptide, sulfakinin, bursicon alpha/beta, eclosion hormone, glycoprotein hormone alpha/beta, corazonin, four orcokinins) and five neuropeptide receptors (gonadotropin receptor, leucokinin-like receptor, sulfakinin receptor, calcitonin receptor, pyrokinin receptor) translated from cDNA synthesized from the synganglion of unfed, partially fed and replete female American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis. Their homology to the same neuropeptides in other taxa is discussed. Many of these neuropeptides such as an allatostatin, insulin-like peptide, eclosion hormone, bursicon alpha and beta and glycoprotein hormone alpha and beta have not been previously described in the Chelicerata. An insulin-receptor substrate protein was also found indicating that an insulin signaling network is present in ticks. A putative type-2 proprotein processing convertase was also sequenced that may be involved in cleavage at monobasic and dibasic endoproteolytic cleavage sites in prohormones. The possible physiological role of the proteins discovered in adult tick blood feeding and reproduction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V Donohue
- Department of Entomology, Campus Box 7647, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7647, USA
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Elliott KL, Hehman GL, Stay B. Isolation of the gene for the precursor of Phe-Gly-Leu-amide allatostatins in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Peptides 2009; 30:855-60. [PMID: 19428761 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Allatostatins (ASTs), with a C-terminal sequence Tyr/Phe-Xaa-Phe-Gly-Leu/Ile-amide, are multifunctional neuropeptides that were first discovered by their ability to inhibit juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by the corpora allata (CA) in cockroaches. These A-type ASTs have since been demonstrated to inhibit JH synthesis in crickets, termites and more recently locusts. The gene for the precursor of A-type ASTs has been identified in several species of cockroaches, in crickets and in locusts, but not yet in termites, although 5 AST peptides were isolated from the lower termite Reticulitermes flavipes that are identical to known cockroach ASTs. In this study, primers designed from AST amino acid sequences of cockroaches are used to identify the gene for the preproAST peptides in R. flavipes. In addition, the expression of the gene in brain tissues is demonstrated for egg-laying and non-egg-laying neotenic reproductives. The gene codes for 14 individual peptides and its sequence is closer to that of cockroaches and the cricket than to that of other insect orders in which these peptides do not act as allatostatins. Among the known cockroach AST genes, the termite AST gene is most similar to that of Periplaneta americana, a species belonging to the primitive family Blattidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Elliott KL, Chan KK, Teesch L, Clor O, Stay B. Identification of Phe-Gly-Leu-amide type allatostatin-7 in Reticulitermes flavipes: its localization in tissues and relation to juvenile hormone synthesis. Peptides 2009; 30:495-506. [PMID: 18652864 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The allatostatins (ASTs), with a Tyr/Phe-Xaa-Phe-Gly-Leu/Ile-amide C-terminus, are neuropeptides that occur in many orders of insects, but are known to inhibit juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by corpora allata (CA) only in cockroaches, crickets, and termites. 5 AST peptides with similar sequences to those of 6 species of cockroaches have been isolated and sequenced from extract of brain tissue of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. The amino acid sequence of a 6th peptide, R. flavipes AST-7, determined by LC-MS/MS following HPLC fractionation of brain extract, is S-P-S-S-G-N-Q-R-L-Y-G-F-G-L-NH(2). The 8 terminal amino acids are identical to AST-7 of the cockroach Diploptera punctata. R. flavipes and D. punctata AST-7s inhibited JH synthesis by CA of both species equally and their affinity for antibody against D. punctata AST-7 is similar. Immunoreactivity of termite tissue with this antibody indicates neuro- and myomodulatory activity of the peptide in addition to its demonstrated allatostatic function. The density of AST immunostaining in axons within the CA of R. flavipes and the rate of JH synthesis by similar glands were negatively correlated. This is evidence that when AST is abundant in the glands it is being released in vivo to limit JH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Dubuque Street, Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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