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Lu ZJ, Xia T, Zhang C, He Q, Zhong H, Fu SC, Yuan XF, Liu XQ, Liu YX, Chen W, Yi L, Yu HZ. Characterization of an RR-2 cuticle protein DcCP8 and its potential application based on SPc nanoparticle-wrapped dsRNA in Diaphorina citri. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39092895 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insect cuticle consists of chitin fibers and a protein matrix, which plays an important role in protecting the body from invasion of various pathogens and prevents water loss. Periodic synthesis and degradation of the cuticle is required for the growth and development of insects. Key genes involved in cuticle formation have long been considered a potential target for pest control. RESULTS In this study, a member of the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular protein 8 (DcCP8) was identified from the Diaphorina citri genome database. Immunofluorescence analysis suggested that DcCP8 was mainly located in the Diaphorina citri exocuticle and can be induced to up-regulate 12 h following 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment. Silencing of DcCP8 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly disrupted the metamorphosis to the adult stage, and improved the permeability of the cuticle. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the synthesis of the exocuticle was impressed after silencing of DcCP8. Furthermore, the recombinant DcCP8 protein exhibited chitin-binding properties in vitro, down-regulation of DcCP8 significantly inhibited expression levels of chitin metabolism-related genes. Additionally, a sprayable RNAi method targeting DcCP8 based on star polycation (SPc) nanoparticles-wrapped double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) significantly increased Diaphorina citri mortality. Transcriptome sequencing further confirmed that genes associated with the endocytic pathway and immune response were up-regulated in Diaphorina citri after SPc treatment. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that DcCP8 is critical for the formation of Diaphorina citri exocuticles, and lays a foundation for Diaphorina citri control based on large-scale dsRNA nanoparticles. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tao Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shang-Cheng Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Long Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pest and Disease Control of Featured Horticultural Plants, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Thakre N, Carver M, Paredes-Montero JR, Mondal M, Hu J, Saberi E, Ponvert N, Qureshi JA, Brown JK. UV-LASER adjuvant-surfactant-facilitated delivery of mobile dsRNA to tomato plant vasculature and evidence of biological activity by gene knockdown in the potato psyllid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2141-2153. [PMID: 38146104 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) biopesticides are of interest for the abatement of insect vectors of pathogenic bacteria such as 'Candidatus Liberibacter', which infects both its psyllid and plant hosts. Silencing of genes essential for psyllids, or for Liberibacter, is anticipated to lead to mortality or impeded bacterial multiplication. Foliar delivery is preferred for biopesticide application; however, the cuticle impedes dsRNA penetration into the vasculature. Here, conditions were established for wounding tomato leaves using ultraviolet light amplification by stimulated emissions of radiation (UV-LASER) to promote dsRNA penetration into leaves and vasculature. RESULTS UV-LASER treatment with application of select adjuvants/surfactants resulted in vascular delivery of 100-, 300- and 600-bp dsRNAs that, in general, were correlated with size. The 100-bp dsRNA required no pretreatment, whereas 300- and 600-bp dsRNAs entered the vasculature after UV-LASER treatment only and UV-LASER adjuvant/surfactant treatment, respectively. Of six adjuvant/surfactants evaluated, plant-derived oil combined with an anionic organosilicon compound performed most optimally. Localization of dsRNAs in the tomato vasculature was documented using fluorometry and fluorescence confocal microscopy. The biological activity of in planta-delivered dsRNA (200-250 bp) was determined by feeding third-instar psyllids on tomato leaves post UV-LASER adjuvant/surfactant treatment, with or without psyllid cdc42- and gelsolin dsRNAs. Gene knockdown was quantified by quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) amplification. At 10 days post the ingestion-access period, knockdown of cdc42 and gelsolin expression was 61% and 56%, respectively, indicating that the dsRNAs delivered to the tomato vasculature were mobile and biologically active. CONCLUSION Results indicated that UV-LASER adjuvant/surfactant treatments facilitated the delivery of mobile, biologically active dsRNA molecules to the plant vasculature. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Thakre
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan Carver
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jorge R Paredes-Montero
- Biology Department, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Mosharrof Mondal
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiahuai Hu
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Esmaeil Saberi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ponvert
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, USA
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Saberi E, Mondal M, Paredes-Montero JR, Nawaz K, Brown JK, Qureshi JA. Optimal dsRNA Concentration for RNA Interference in Asian Citrus Psyllid. INSECTS 2024; 15:58. [PMID: 38249064 PMCID: PMC10816725 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is a citrus pest and insect vector of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus", the causal agent of citrus greening disease. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) biopesticides that trigger RNA interference (RNAi) offer an alternative to traditional insecticides. Standardized laboratory screening of dsRNA requires establishing the minimal effective concentration(s) that result in effective RNAi "penetrance" and trigger RNAi, resulting in one or more measurable phenotypes, herein, significant gene knockdown and the potential for mortality. In this study, knockdown was evaluated for a range of dsRNA concentrations of three ACP candidate genes, clathrin heavy chain (CHC), vacuolar ATPase subunit A (vATPase-A), and sucrose non-fermenting protein 7 (Snf7). Gene knockdown was quantified for ACP teneral adults and 3rd instar nymphs allowed a 48 h ingestion-access period (IAP) on 10, 50,100, 200, and 500 ng/µL dsRNA dissolved in 20% sucrose followed by a 5-day post-IAP on orange jasmine shoots. Significant gene knockdown (p < 0.05) in ACP third instar nymphs and adults ranged from 12-34% and 18-39%, 5 days post-IAP on dsRNA at 10-500 and 100-500 ng/µL, respectively. The threshold concentration beyond which no significant gene knockdown and adult mortality was observed post-48 h IAP and 10-day IAP, respectively, was determined as 200 ng/µL, a concentration indicative of optimal RNAi penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Saberi
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA;
| | - Mosharrof Mondal
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.M.); (K.N.)
- RNAissance Ag, LLC, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jorge R. Paredes-Montero
- Biology Department, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI 48710, USA;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
| | - Kiran Nawaz
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.M.); (K.N.)
- RNAissance Ag, LLC, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (M.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Jawwad A. Qureshi
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA;
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Zhang JB, Zou XJ, Zhang Q, Wang AY, Amir MB, Du YM, Liu XQ, Chen W, Lu ZJ, Yu HZ. Quantitative ubiquitylome crosstalk with proteome analysis revealed cytoskeleton proteins influence CLas pathogen infection in Diaphorina citri. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123411. [PMID: 36706880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, is caused by Candidatus Liberbacter asiaticus (CLas) and transmitted by Diaphorina citri. Previous studies reported that CLas infection significantly influences the structure of the D. citri cytoskeleton. However, the mechanisms through which CLas manipulates cytoskeleton-related proteins remain unclear. In this study, we performed quantitative ubiquitylome crosstalk with the proteome to reveal the roles of cytoskeleton-related proteins during the infection of D. citri by CLas. Western blotting revealed a significant difference in ubiquitination levels between the CLas-free and CLas-infected groups. According to ubiquitylome and 4D label-free proteome analysis, 343 quantified lysine ubiquitination (Kub) sites and 666 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in CLas-infected groups compared with CLas-free groups. A total of 53 sites in 51 DEPs were upregulated, while 290 sites in 192 DEPs were downregulated. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis indicated that 18 DEPs and 21 lysine ubiquitinated proteins were associated with the cytoskeleton, showing an obvious interaction. Ubiquitination of D. citri tropomyosin was confirmed by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and LC-MS/MS. RNAi-mediated knockdown of tropomyosin significantly increased CLas bacterial content in D. citri. In summary, we provided the most comprehensive lysine ubiquitinome analysis of the D. citri response to CLas infection, thus furthering our understanding of the role of the ubiquitination of cytoskeleton proteins in CLas infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Ai-Yun Wang
- Fruit Bureau of Xinfeng County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Amir
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yi-Min Du
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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5
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Guo CF, Qiu JH, Hu YW, Xu PP, Deng YQ, Tian L, Wei YY, Sang W, Liu YT, Qiu BL. Silencing of V-ATPase-E gene causes midgut apoptosis of Diaphorina citri and affects its acquisition of Huanglongbing pathogen. INSECT SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 36346663 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is among the most important pests of citrus. It is the main vector of the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which causes severe losses in citrus crops. Control of D. citri is therefore of paramount importance to reduce the spread of HLB. In this regard, using RNA interference (RNAi) to silence target genes is a useful strategy to control psyllids. In this study, using RNAi, we examined the biological functions of the V-ATPase subunit E (V-ATP-E) gene of D. citri, including its effect on acquisition of CLas. The amino acid sequence of V-ATP-E from D. citri had high homology with proteins from other insects. V-ATP-E was expressed at all D. citri life stages analyzed, and the expression level in mature adults was higher than that of teneral adults. Silencing of V-ATP-E resulted in a significant increase in mortality, reduced body weight, and induced cell apoptosis of the D. citri midgut. The reduced expression of V-ATP-E was indicated to inhibit CLas passing through the midgut and into the hemolymph, leading to a majority of CLas being confined to the midgut. In addition, double-stranded RNA of D. citri V-ATP-E was safe to non-target parasitic wasps. These results suggest that V-ATP-E is an effective RNAi target that can be used in D. citri control to block CLas infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Fei Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hong Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Modern Biological Seed Industry, MARA, National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Ping Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qi Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Tian
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yun Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Sang
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Modern Biological Seed Industry, MARA, National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Yu H, Yi L, Lu Z. Silencing of Chitin-Binding Protein with PYPV-Rich Domain Impairs Cuticle and Wing Development in the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040353. [PMID: 35447795 PMCID: PMC9027310 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Molting is extremely important for insect growth and development, which is accompanied the degradation of old cuticle and synthesis of new cuticle. Chitin and proteins, as major components of insect cuticle, maintain the rigidity of the exoskeleton. The functions of chitin-binding proteins have not, to date, been characterized in Diaphorina citri. In the current study, we identified a cuticle protein (DcCP64) according to chitin column purification and LC-MS/MS analysis. Silencing of DcCP64 induced an abnormal phenotype and increased the permeability of the abdomen and wings. Additionally, the mortality and malformation rate significantly increased, and the molting rate decreased after inhibition of DcCP64. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that up-regulated DEGs were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, whereas down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways. Our results provide a basis for further functional research on DcCP64 in D. citri. Abstract Chitin is a major component of the arthropod exoskeleton, always working together with chitin-binding proteins to maintain the functions of extracellular structures. In the present study, we identified a cuticle protein 64 from Diaphorina citri using a chitin-binding assay. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DcCP64 contained eight conserved PYPV motifs but lacked a Rebers–Riddiford (R–R) consensus and other chitin-binding domains. RT-qPCR analysis suggested that DcCP64 had the highest expression level in the wing and fifth-instar nymph stage. Knockdown of DcCP64 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a malformed-wing phenotype, higher mortality and decreased molting rate. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis revealed that 1244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 580 DEGs were down-regulated, compared with dsDcCP64 groups and dsGFP groups. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that up-regulated DEGs were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, whereas down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in the MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways. Moreover, inhibition of DcCP64 significantly affected the cuticle surface, and increased the permeability of the abdomen and wings. Further chitin- and cellulose-binding assay confirmed the chitin-binding properties of recombinant DcCP64 in vitro. These results indicate that DcCP64 might play an important role in the cuticle and wing development of D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Long Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-0797-8397738 (L.Y. & Z.L.)
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-0797-8397738 (L.Y. & Z.L.)
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yu HZ. Functional analysis of a peptidoglycan recognition protein involved in the immune response in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21858. [PMID: 35289433 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (GRPs) are family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which can recognize the peptidoglycan and trigger the innate immune system against the microorganisms in insects. In this study, we identified a GRP-LB from Spodoptera litura genome database and named SlGRP-LB, which contained a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 639 bp, encoding a protein of 212 amino acids with a signal peptide and GRP domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that the SlGRP-LB has a close relationship with Helicoverpa armigera GRP-LB (HaGRP-LB). Tissue expression analysis revealed that SlGRP-LB had a high expression level in the fat body. The expression levels of SlGRP-LB were significantly upregulated in the hemolymph, fat body, and midgut from 3 to 12 h after injection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while the expression levels were not downregulated at 24 h postinfection. Knockdown of SlGRP-LB expression by RNA interference reduced the expression of antibacterial peptide-related genes in the fat body and midgut, while their expression levels were upregulated in the hemolymph. In addition, the recombinant SlGRP-LB was expressed by using E. coli expression system, and it exhibited binding activity to E. coli. Taken together, the data suggest that S. litura GRP-LB might play a crucial role in regulating immune response in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yu HZ, Xie YX, Wang J, Wang Y, Du YM, Wang HG, Zhong BL, Zhu B, Yu XD, Lu ZJ. Integrated transcriptome sequencing and RNA interference reveals molecular changes in Diaphorina citri after exposure to validamycin. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1690-1707. [PMID: 33118290 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Validamycin has been widely used as a specific competitive inhibitor of trehalase. In our previous research, validamycin significantly inhibited trehalase activity and chitin synthesis in Diaphorina citri, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. However, the mechanism of validamycin's action on D. citri remains unclear. Here, using a comparative transcriptome analysis, 464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in D. citri were identified after validamycin treatment. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in "small molecule process", "structural molecule activity" and "transition metal ion binding". DEGs involved in chitin metabolism, cuticle synthesis and insecticide detoxification were validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The RNA interference of D. citri chitinase-like protein ENO3 and D. citri cuticle protein 7 genes significantly affected D. citri molting. Moreover, the recombinant chitinase-like protein ENO3 exhibited a chitin-binding property, and an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. This study provides a first insight into the molecular changes in D. citri after exposure to validamycin and identifies two effective RNA interference targets for D. citri control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Xin Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Min Du
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - He-Gui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ba-Lian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiu-Dao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
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Bento FMM, Darolt JC, Merlin BL, Penã L, Wulff NA, Cônsoli FL. The molecular interplay of the establishment of an infection - gene expression of Diaphorina citri gut and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:677. [PMID: 34544390 PMCID: PMC8454146 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is one the causative agents of greening disease in citrus, an unccurable, devastating disease of citrus worldwide. CLas is vectored by Diaphorina citri, and the understanding of the molecular interplay between vector and pathogen will provide additional basis for the development and implementation of successful management strategies. We focused in the molecular interplay occurring in the gut of the vector, a major barrier for CLas invasion and colonization. RESULTS We investigated the differential expression of vector and CLas genes by analyzing a de novo reference metatranscriptome of the gut of adult psyllids fed of CLas-infected and healthy citrus plants for 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 days. CLas regulates the immune response of the vector affecting the production of reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen, and the production of antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, CLas overexpressed peroxiredoxin, probably in a protective manner. The major transcript involved in immune expression was related to melanization, a CLIP-domain serine protease we believe participates in the wounding of epithelial cells damaged during infection, which is supported by the down-regulation of pangolin. We also detected that CLas modulates the gut peristalsis of psyllids through the down-regulation of titin, reducing the elimination of CLas with faeces. The up-regulation of the neuromodulator arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase implies CLas also interferes with the double brain-gut communication circuitry of the vector. CLas colonizes the gut by expressing two Type IVb pilin flp genes and several chaperones that can also function as adhesins. We hypothesized biofilm formation occurs by the expression of the cold shock protein of CLas. CONCLUSIONS The thorough detailed analysis of the transcritome of Ca. L. asiaticus and of D. citri at different time points of their interaction in the gut tissues of the host led to the identification of several host genes targeted for regulation by L. asiaticus, but also bacterial genes coding for potential effector proteins. The identified targets and effector proteins are potential targets for the development of new management strategies directed to interfere with the successful utilization of the psyllid vector by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Moura Manoel Bento
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Josiane Cecília Darolt
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Leandro Penã
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nelson Arno Wulff
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
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10
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Hosseinzadeh S, Higgins SA, Ramsey J, Howe K, Griggs M, Castrillo L, Heck M. Proteomic Polyphenism in Color Morphotypes of Diaphorina citri, Insect Vector of Citrus Greening Disease. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2851-2866. [PMID: 33890474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri is a vector of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), associated with citrus greening disease. D. citri exhibit at least two color morphotypes, blue and non-blue, the latter including gray and yellow morphs. Blue morphs have a greater capacity for long-distance flight and transmit CLas less efficiently as compared to non-blue morphs. Differences in physiology and immunity between color morphs of the insect vector may influence disease epidemiology and biological control strategies. We evaluated the effect of CLas infection on color morph and sex-specific proteomic profiles of D. citri. Immunity-associated proteins were more abundant in blue morphs as compared to non-blue morphs but were upregulated at a higher magnitude in response to CLas infection in non-blue insects. To test for differences in color morph immunity, we measured two phenotypes: (1) survival of D. citri when challenged with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and (2) microbial load of the surface and internal microbial communities. Non-blue color morphs showed higher mortality at four doses of B. bassinana, but no differences in microbial load were observed. Thus, color morph polyphenism is associated with two distinct proteomic immunity phenotypes in D. citri that may impact transmission of CLas and resistance to B. bassiana under some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseinzadeh
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Steven A Higgins
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John Ramsey
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin Howe
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael Griggs
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Louela Castrillo
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michelle Heck
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Jaiswal D, Sidharthan VK, Sharma SK, Rai R, Choudhary N, Ghosh A, Baranwal VK. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus manipulates the expression of vitellogenin, cytoskeleton, and endocytotic pathway-related genes to become circulative in its vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 33520575 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus greening disease or huanglongbing (HLB) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) limits citrus production worldwide. CLas is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a persistent-propagative manner. Understanding the molecular interaction between CLas and ACP and interrupting the interrelationship can provide an alternative to insecticides for managing citrus greening disease. Transcriptome analysis of ACP in response to CLas showed differential expression of 3911 genes (2196 upregulated, and 1715 downregulated) including the key genes of ACP involved in cytoskeleton synthesis and nutrition-related proteins, such as vitellogenins, extensin, laminin, tropomyosin, troponin C, and flightin. Majority of the differentially expressed genes were categorized under molecular functions followed by cellular components and biological processes. KEGG pathway analysis showed differential regulation of carbohydrate, nucleotide, and energy metabolic pathways, the endocytotic pathway, and the defense-related pathways. Differential regulation of genes associated with the key pathways might favour CLas to become systemic and propagate in its insect vector. The study provides an understanding of genes involved in circulation of CLas in ACP. The candidate genes involved in key physiological processes and CLas transmission by ACP would be potential targets for sustainable management of ACP and CLas. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02641-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Jaiswal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - V Kavi Sidharthan
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | - Richa Rai
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Nandlal Choudhary
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Virendra Kumar Baranwal
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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12
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Yu HZ, Li NY, Zeng XD, Song JC, Yu XD, Su HN, Chen CX, Yi L, Lu ZJ. Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030171. [PMID: 32156093 PMCID: PMC7143376 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an important transmission vector of the citrus greening disease Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The D. citri midgut exhibits an important tissue barrier against CLas infection. However, the molecular mechanism of the midgut response to CLas infection has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we identified 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut upon CLas infection, by comparative transcriptome analyses, including 499 upregulated DEGs and 279 downregulated DEGs. Functional annotation analysis showed that these DEGs were associated with ubiquitination, the immune response, the ribosome, endocytosis, the cytoskeleton and insecticide resistance. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were primarily involved in endocytosis and the ribosome. A total of fourteen DEG functions were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This study will contribute to our understanding of the molecular interaction between CLas and D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ning-Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jian-Chun Song
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xiu-Dao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hua-Nan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | | | - Long Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (H.-Z.Y.); (N.-Y.L.); (X.-D.Z.); (J.-C.S.); (X.-D.Y.); (H.-N.S.); (L.Y.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Silencing of the Chitin Synthase Gene Is Lethal to the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153734. [PMID: 31370145 PMCID: PMC6696430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin synthase is a critical enzyme that catalyzes N-acetylglucosamine to form chitin, which plays an important role in the growth and development of insects. In this study, we identified a chitin synthase gene (CHS) with a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 3180 bp from the genome database of Diaphorina citri, encoding a protein of 1059 amino acid residues with the appropriate signature motifs (EDR and QRRRW). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis suggested that D. citri CHS (DcCHS) was expressed throughout all developmental stages and all tissues. DcCHS had the highest expression level in the integument and fifth-instar nymph stage. Furthermore, the effects of diflubenzuron (DFB) on D. citri mortality and DcCHS expression level were investigated using fifth-instar nymph through leaf dip bioassay, and the results revealed that the nymph exposed to DFB had the highest mortality compared with control group (Triton-100). Silencing of DcCHS by RNA interference resulted in malformed phenotypes and increased mortality with decreased molting rate. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) also revealed corresponding ultrastructural defects. Our results suggest that DcCHS might play an important role in the development of D. citri and can be used as a potential target for psyllid control.
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