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Dillon FM, Panagos C, Gouveia G, Tayyari F, Chludil HD, Edison AS, Zavala JA. Changes in primary metabolite content may affect thrips feeding preference in soybean crops. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114014. [PMID: 38354875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Past research has characterized the induction of plant defenses in response to chewing insect damage. However, little is known about plant responses to piercing-sucking insects that feed on plant cell-contents like thrips (Caliothrips phaseoli). In this study, we used NMR spectroscopy to measure metabolite changes in response to six days of thrips damage from two field-grown soybean cultivars (cv.), known for their different susceptibility to Caliothrips phaseoli. We observed that thrips damage reduces sucrose concentration in both cultivars, while pinitol, the most abundant leaf soluble carbohydrate, is induced in cv. Charata but not in cv. Williams. Thrips did not show preference for leaves where sucrose or pinitol were externally added, at tested concentration. In addition, we also noted that cv. Charata was less naturally colonized and contained higher levels of trigonelline, tyrosine as well as several compounds that we have not yet identified. We have established that preference-feeding clues are not dependent on the plants major soluble carbohydrates but may depend on other types of compounds or leaf physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Dillon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; INBA/CONICET, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charalampos Panagos
- University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gonçalo Gouveia
- University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fariba Tayyari
- University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hugo D Chludil
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arthur S Edison
- University of Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; INBA/CONICET, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Barneto JA, Sardoy PM, Pagano EA, Zavala JA. Lipoxygenases regulate digestive enzyme inhibitor activities in developing seeds of field-grown soybean against the southern green stink bug ( Nezara viridula). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP22192. [PMID: 38220246 DOI: 10.1071/fp22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max ) is the world's most widely grown seed legume. One of the most important pests that decrease seed quality and reduce yield of soybean crops is the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula ). Insect damage triggers accumulation of defensive compounds such as protease inhibitors (PIs), isoflavonoids and reactive oxygen species, which are regulated by the lipoxygenase (LOX)-regulated jasmonic acid (JA) to stop insect feeding. This study identified and characterised the role of LOX isoforms in the modulation of chemical defences in seeds of field-grown soybean that decreased digestive enzyme activities of N. viridula after insect attack. Stink bugs attack increased LOX 1 and LOX 2 expression, and activities of LOX 1 and LOX 3 isoenzymes in developing soybean seeds. In addition, stink bug damage and methyl jasmonate application induced expression and activity of both cysteine PIs and trypsin PIs in developing soybean seeds, suggesting that herbivory induced JA in soybean seeds. High PI activity levels in attacked seeds decreased cysteine proteases and α-amylases activities in the gut of stink bugs that fed on field-grown soybean. We demonstrated that LOX isoforms of seeds are concomitantly induced with JA-regulated PIs by stink bugs attack, and these PIs inhibit the activity of insect digestive enzymes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the participation of LOX in modulating JA-regulated defences against stink bugs in seeds of field-grown soybean, and our results suggest that soybean PIs may inhibit α-amylase activity in the gut of N. viridula .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jésica A Barneto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Sardoy
- Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Pagano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Medina V, Rosso BE, Soria M, Gutkind GO, Pagano EA, Zavala JA. Feeding on soybean crops changed gut bacteria diversity of the southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) and reduced negative effects of some associated bacteria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4608-4617. [PMID: 35837785 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) is a mayor pest of soybean. However, the mechanism underlying stinkbug resistance to soybean defenses is yet ignored. Although gut bacteria could play an essential role in tolerating plant defenses, most studies testing questions related to insect-plant-bacteria interactions have been performed in laboratory condition. Here we performed experiments in laboratory and field conditions with N. viridula and its gut bacteria, studying gut lipid peroxidaxion levels and cysteine activity in infected and unifected nymphs, testing the hypothesis that feeding on field-grown soybean decreases bacterial abundance in stinkbugs. RESULTS Gut bacterial abundance and infection ratio were higher in N. viridula adults reared in laboratory than in those collected from soybean crops, suggesting that stinkbugs in field conditions may modulate gut bacterial colonization. Manipulating gut microbiota by infecting stinkbugs with Yokenella sp. showed that these bacteria abundance decreased in field conditions, and negatively affected stinkbugs performance and were more aggressive in laboratory rearing than in field conditions. Infected nymphs that fed on soybean pods had lower mortality, higher mass and shorter development period than those reared in the laboratory, and suggested that field conditions helped nymphs to recover from Yokenella sp. infection, despite of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased cysteine proteases activity in nymphs' guts. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that feeding on field-grown soybean reduced bacterial abundance and infection in guts of N. viridula and highlighted the importance to test functional activities or pathogenicity of microbes under realistic field conditions prior to establish conclusions on three trophic interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Medina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno E Rosso
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Microbiologia - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Soria
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Microbiologia - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel O Gutkind
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Pagano
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica - Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jacobi VG, Fernández PC, Zavala JA. The stink bug Dichelops furcatus: a new pest of corn that emerges from soybean stubble. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2113-2120. [PMID: 35102678 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, Argentine and Brazilian farmers have adopted no-tillage cultivation systems and multiple cropping, which have decreased the abundance of traditional pests, such as Nezara viridula, and favored the development of some stink bugs of secondary importance, like Dichelops furcatus, D. melacanthus and Euschistus heros. No-till farming leaves the soil undisturbed, to mitigate erosion, and sufficient crop residue on the field, which is used by D. furcatus as a shelter under unfavorable conditions, and as a shelter against insecticides. Moreover, implementing multiple cropping systems increases crop rotation from soybean to corn, and places overwintering adults of D. furcatus in contact with corn seedlings in spring. Attacks of this stink bug species produce deformation and abortion of corn seedlings, resulting in up to 50% corn yield reduction. The increasing abundance of D. furcatus intensifies the damage on developing pods and seeds of soybean, becoming a primary pest of soybean, and a new pest of corn. Here we summarize the current knowledge about D. furcatus, its biology, life cycle, and geographical distribution pattern in South America. Additionally, we describe the general causes and consequences of D. furcatus as a new pest of corn that emerges from crop stubble. Then, we provide an overview of the chemical control, natural enemies, and possible agronomical practices to improve sustainable crop production methods to control this pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gisela Jacobi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Carina Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Biomoléculas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alberto Zavala
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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