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Yu H, Yang CJ, Ou-Yang YY, Tong Y, Lan HY, Gan JM, Li SW, Bai DY, Huang GH. Enhanced virulence of genetically engineered Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus owing to accelerated viral DNA replication aided by inserted ascovirus genes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105382. [PMID: 37105642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering technology is an ideal method to improve insecticidal efficiency by combining the advantages of different pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, six ascovirus genes were introduced into the genomic DNA of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) to possibly transfer the intrinsically valuable insecticidal properties from ascovirus to baculovirus. The viral budded virus (BV) production and viral DNA replication ability of AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 were significantly stronger than that of AcMNPV-Egfp (used as the wild-type virus in this study), whereas AcMNPV-33 had reduced ones. AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 also exhibited excellent insecticidal efficiency in the in vivo bioassays: AcMNPV-111 showed a 24.1% decrease in the LT50 value and AcMNPV-165 exhibited a 56.3% decrease in the LD50 value compared with AcMNPV-Egfp against the 3rd instar of Spodoptera exigua larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the occlusion bodies (OBs) of AcMNPV-33, AcMNPV-111, and AcMNPV-165 were significantly increased compared to that of AcMNPV-Egfp. AcMNPV-111 and AcMNPV-165 had stable virulence against the 2nd to 4th instars tested larvae and higher OB yield than AcMNPV-Egfp in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that it is better to use 5 OBs/larva virus to infect the 2nd instar larvae to produce AcMNPV-111 and 50 OBs/larva virus to infect the 3rd instar larvae to produce AcMNPV-165. The results of this study obtained recombinant viruses with enhanced virulence and exhibited a diversity of ascovirus gene function based on the baculovirus platform, which provided a novel strategy for the improvement of baculovirus as a biological insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Chang-Jin Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua, Hunan 419200, PR China
| | - Yi-Yi Ou-Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Yue Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Hui-Yu Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Jia-Min Gan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Shi-Wei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Ding-Yi Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China.
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An Ascovirus Utilizes Different Types of Host Larval Regulated Cell Death Mechanisms To Produce and Release Vesicles. J Virol 2023; 97:e0156622. [PMID: 36533952 PMCID: PMC9888208 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01566-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascoviruses are insect-specific viruses that are thought to utilize the cellular apoptotic processes of host larvae to produce numerous virion-containing vesicles. In this study, we monitored the in vivo infection processes of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) to illustrate the regulated cell death (RCD) of host cells. Transmission electron microscopic observations did not reveal any morphological markers of apoptosis in the fat bodies or hemocytes of HvAV-3h-infected Helicoverpa armigera or Spodoptera exigua larvae. However, several hemocytes showed the morphological criteria for necrosis and/or pyroptosis. Further in vitro biochemical tests were performed to confirm the RCD type of host cells after infection with HvAV-3h. Different morphological characteristics were found between the early (prior to 24 hours post-infection, [hpi]) and later (48 to 120 hpi) stages in both HvAV-3h infected larval fat bodies and hemocytes. In the early stages, the virions could only be found in several adipohemocytes, and the fat bodies were cleaving their contained lipid inclusions into small lipid dots. In the later stage, both fat bodies and hemocytes were filled with numerous virions. According to the morphological characteristics of HvAV-3h infected larval fat bodies or hemocytes, the pathogenic characteristics and infection patterns of HvAV-3h in the host larvae were described, and the systematic pathogenic mode of ascovirus infection was refined in this study. This study details the complete infection process of ascoviruses, which provides insights into the relationship between a pathogenesis of an insect virus and the RCD of different host tissues at different stages of infection. IMPORTANCE Viruses and other pathogens can interrupt host cellular apoptosis to gain benefits, such as sufficient resources and a stable environment that enables them to complete their replication and assembly. It is unusual for viruses to code proteins with homology to caspases, which are commonly recognized as apoptosis regulators. Ascoviruses are insect viruses with special cytopathology, and they have been hypothesized to induce apoptosis in their host larvae via coding a caspase-like protein. This enables them to utilize the process of cellular apoptosis to facilitate vesicle formation and replication. However, our previous studies revealed different trends. The fat bodies and hemocytes of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h)-infected larvae did not show any morphological markers of apoptosis but did display necrosis and/or pyroptosis morphological characteristics. The pathogenic characteristics and infection patterns of HvAV-3h in the host larvae were described, which can help us understand the relationship between the pathogenesis of an insect virus and host RCD.
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Gasmi L, Sieminska E, Okuno S, Ohta R, Coutu C, Vatanparast M, Harris S, Baldwin D, Hegedus DD, Theilmann DA, Kida A, Kawabata M, Sagawa S, Takatsuka J, Tateishi K, Watanabe K, Inoue MN, Kunimi Y, Kim Y, Erlandson MA, Herrero S, Nakai M. Horizontally transmitted parasitoid killing factor shapes insect defense to parasitoids. Science 2021; 373:535-541. [PMID: 34326235 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interkingdom competition occurs between hymenopteran parasitoids and insect viruses sharing the same insect hosts. It has been assumed that parasitoid larvae die with the death of the infected host or as result of competition for host resources. Here we describe a gene family, parasitoid killing factor (pkf), that encodes proteins toxic to parasitoids of the Microgastrinae group and determines parasitism success. Pkfs are found in several entomopathogenic DNA virus families and in some lepidopteran genomes. We provide evidence of equivalent and specific toxicity against endoparasites for PKFs found in entomopoxvirus, ascovirus, baculovirus, and Lepidoptera through a mechanism that elicits apoptosis in the cells of susceptible parasitoids. This highlights the evolutionary arms race between parasitoids, viruses, and their insect hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Gasmi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Genetics and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Edyta Sieminska
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Shohei Okuno
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Arysta Life Science Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0832, Japan
| | - Rie Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Harris
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Doug Baldwin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - David A Theilmann
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, 4200 Highway #97 South, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Aki Kida
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Taitou, Tokyo 110-8782, Japan
| | - Mio Kawabata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shiori Sagawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Jun Takatsuka
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Ken Tateishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Watanabe
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 3-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Martin A Erlandson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Yu H, Li ZQ, He L, Ou-Yang YY, Li N, Huang GH. Response analysis of host Spodoptera exigua larvae to infection by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) via transcriptome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5367. [PMID: 29599494 PMCID: PMC5876357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3 h (HvAV-3h), a dsDNA insect virus, belonging to the family Ascoviridae, can infect caterpillars of several Noctuidae species by ovipositing parasitoid wasps. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the interactive responses of host larvae after infection by the ascovirus, a transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera exigua to HvAV-3h was conducted from 6 to 168 hours post infection (hpi). Approximately 101.64 Gb of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from infected and uninfected S. exigua larvae were used to perform a de novo transcriptome assembly, which generated approximately 62,258 S. exigua unigenes. Using differential gene expression analysis, it was determined that the majority of host transcripts were down-regulated beginning at 6 hpi and continuing throughout the infection period, although there was an increase in up-regulated unigene number during the 12 to 72 hpi stage. It is noteworthy that the most abundantly enriched pathways in KEGG annotation were Metabolism terms, indicating that the host larval metabolic mechanisms were highly influenced post HvAV-3h infection. In addition, the host cuticle protein encoding unigenes were highly down-regulated in most of the situations, suggesting that the host larval cuticle synthesis were inhibited by the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yi Ou-Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Ni Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China. .,College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.
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Imperfection works: Survival, transmission and persistence in the system of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h), Microplitis similis and Spodoptera exigua. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21296. [PMID: 26878829 PMCID: PMC4754712 DOI: 10.1038/srep21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascoviruses are insect-specific large DNA viruses that mainly infect noctuid larvae, and are transmitted by parasitoids in the fields. Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) has been recently isolated from Spodoptera exigua, without parasitoid vector identified previously. Here we report that Microplitis similis, a solitary endoparasitoid wasp, could transmit HvAV-3h between S. exigua larvae in the laboratory. When the female parasitoid wasp acquired the virus and served as a vector, the period of virion viability on the ovipositor was 4.1 ± 1.4 days. Infected host larvae were still acceptable for egg laying by parasitoids, and the parasitoids thereafter transmitted virus to healthy hosts. Virus acquisition occurred only from donor hosts between 3 and 9 days post infection. The peak of virus acquisition (80.9 ± 6.3%) was found when M. similis wasps oviposited in larvae that had been inoculated with the virus 7 days previously. When virus infection of the host took place during the life cycle of the parasitoid wasp, it caused 1- to 4-day-old immature parasitoids death in the host, whilst a small proportion of 5- to 6-day-old and the majority of 7-day-old parasitoids larvae survived from the virus-infected hosts. Viral contamination did not reduce the life span or fecundity of female M. similis.
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Li SJ, Wang X, Zhou ZS, Zhu J, Hu J, Zhao YP, Zhou GW, Huang GH. A comparison of growth and development of three major agricultural insect pests infected with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h). PLoS One 2013; 8:e85704. [PMID: 24386488 PMCID: PMC3875588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that are pathogenic to lepidopteran hosts, particularly noctuid larvae. Infection of a larva is characterized by retarded growth, reduced feeding and yellowish body color. In this paper, we reported the growth and development of three major agricultural noctuid insect pests, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), infected with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h). Using 10-fold serial dilutions (0 to 7) of HvAV-3h-containing hemolymph to infect S. litura larvae, we found no significant difference in larval mortalities from 0 to 10(3)-fold dilutions; however, significant differences were observed at 10(4)-fold dilution and above. Using a 10-fold dilution of HvAV-3h-containing hemolymph to infect H. armigera, S. exigua and S. litura larvae, we found that the growth and development were significantly affected. All infected larvae could not pupate; the survival times of treated H. armigera, S. litura and S. exigua larvae were significantly longer than untreated control larvae. Body weight showed significant difference between treated and untreated control group from day 1 after inoculation in H. armigera and S. exigua, but day 2 in S. litura. Additionally, food intake also showed significant difference between treated and untreated control group from day 2 after inoculation in H. armigera and S. litura, but day 3 in S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ji Li
- Institute of Virology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Oriental Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Virology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jue Hu
- Institute of Virology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Pei Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, Oriental Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gui-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Virology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Institute of Virology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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