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Trzebny A, Liberska J, Slodkowicz-Kowalska A, Dabert M. Metabarcoding reveals low prevalence of microsporidian infections in castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:26. [PMID: 35033159 PMCID: PMC8760655 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsporidia is a large group of eukaryotic obligate intracellular spore-forming parasites, of which 17 species can cause microsporidiosis in humans. Most human-infecting microsporidians belong to the genera Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon. To date, only five microsporidian species, including Encephalitozoon-like, have been found in hard ticks (Ixodidae) using microscopic methods, but no sequence data are available for them. Furthermore, no widespread screening for microsporidian-infected ticks based on DNA analysis has been carried out to date. Thus, in this study, we applied a recently developed DNA metabarcoding method for efficient microsporidian DNA identification to assess the role of ticks as potential vectors of microsporidian species causing diseases in humans. METHODS In total, 1070 (493 juvenile and 577 adult) unfed host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks collected at urban parks in the city of Poznan, Poland, and 94 engorged tick females fed on dogs and cats were screened for microsporidian DNA. Microsporidians were detected by PCR amplification and sequencing of the hypervariable V5 region of 18S rRNA gene (18S profiling) using the microsporidian-specific primer set. Tick species were identified morphologically and confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the shortened fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mini-COI). RESULTS All collected ticks were unambiguously assigned to I. ricinus. Potentially zoonotic Encephalitozoon intestinalis was identified in three fed ticks (3.2%) collected from three different dogs. In eight unfed host-seeking ticks (0.8%), including three males (1.1%), two females (0.7%) and three nymphs (0.7%), the new microsporidian sequence representing a species belonging to the genus Endoreticulatus was identified. CONCLUSIONS The lack of zoonotic microsporidians in host-seeking ticks suggests that I. ricinus is not involved in transmission of human-infecting microsporidians. Moreover, a very low occurrence of the other microsporidian species in both fed and host-seeking ticks implies that mechanisms exist to defend ticks against infection with these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Trzebny
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Liberska
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Slodkowicz-Kowalska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine I, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Miroslawa Dabert
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Willis AR, Reinke AW. Factors That Determine Microsporidia Infection and Host Specificity. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 114:91-114. [PMID: 35544000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a large phylum of obligate intracellular parasites that infect an extremely diverse range of animals and protists. In this chapter, we review what is currently known about microsporidia host specificity and what factors influence microsporidia infection. Extensive sampling in nature from related hosts has provided insight into the host range of many microsporidia species. These field studies have been supported by experiments conducted in controlled laboratory environments which have helped to demonstrate host specificity. Together, these approaches have revealed that, while examples of generalist species exist, microsporidia specificity is often narrow, and species typically infect one or several closely related hosts. For microsporidia to successfully infect and complete their life cycle within a compatible host, several steps must occur, including spore germination, host cell invasion, and proliferation of the parasite within the host tissue. Many factors influence infection, including temperature, seasonality, nutrient availability, and the presence or absence of microbes, as well as the developmental stage, sex, and genetics of the host. Several studies have identified host genomic regions that influence resistance to microsporidia, and future work is likely to uncover molecular mechanisms of microsporidia host specificity in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Willis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Malysh JM, Chertkova EA, Tokarev YS. The microsporidium Nosema pyrausta as a potent microbial control agent of the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107675. [PMID: 34619133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The microsporidium Nosema pyrausta is an important mortality factor of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. The present study was aimed at N. pyrausta virulence testing to the beet webworm (BW), Loxostege sticticalis. This agricultural pest, L. sticticalis, was highly vulnerable to N. pyrausta. The parasite's spores were located in salivary glands, adipose tissue, and Malpighian tubules of the infected specimens. Infection was transmitted transovarially through at least 3 laboratory generations, in which BW fitness indices were lower than in the control, and moth emergence and fertility decreased prominently. Transovarial infection was most detrimental to female egg-laying ability, resulting in zero fertility in F3. When propagated in BW, the microsporidium tended to increase its virulence to L. sticticalis, as compared to the Ostrinia isolates. The parasite's ability to infect this host at low dosages and transmit vertically should guarantee its effective establishment and spread within BW populations. In conclusion, N. pyrausta is a promising agent against BW, which is a notorious polyphagous pest in Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Malysh
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, sh. Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Chertkova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Yuri S Tokarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, sh. Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
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Kononchuk AG, Martemyanov VV, Ignatieva AN, Belousova IA, Inoue MN, Tokarev YS. Susceptibility of the Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) to Nosema pyrausta (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050447. [PMID: 34068897 PMCID: PMC8156337 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microsporidia are widespread insect pathogens and a single species may infect different hosts. Nosema pyrausta from the corn borer was tested against the gypsy moth. Thirty days after larvae were fed with spores, infection was established in the salivary glands and fat body of pupae and prepupae. Up to 10% of insects became infected. The gypsy moth can be referred to as a resistant host of N. pyrausta. Abstract The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is a notorious forest defoliator, and various pathogens are known to act as natural regulators of its population density. As a widespread herbivore with a broad range of inhabited areas and host plants, it is potentially exposed to parasitic microorganisms from other insect hosts. In the present paper, we determined the susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta from the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Gypsy moth samples from two localities of Western Siberia were used. N. pyrausta developed infections in the salivary gland and adipose tissue of gypsy moth prepupae and pupae, forming spore masses after 30 days of alimentary exposure to the second instar larvae. Among the experimental groups, the infection levels ranged from 0 to 9.5%. Effects of a covert baculovirus infection, phenylthiourea pretreatment and feeding insects on an artificial diet versus natural foliage were not significant in terms of microsporidia prevalence levels. Thus, L. dispar showed a low level of susceptibility to a non-specific microsporidium. It can be referred to as a resistant model host and not an appropriate substitute host for laboratory propagation of the microsporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G. Kononchuk
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.G.K.); (A.N.I.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Martemyanov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (I.A.B.)
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy av. 31, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Street 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Ignatieva
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.G.K.); (A.N.I.)
| | - Irina A. Belousova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.M.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Maki N. Inoue
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 3 Chome-8-1 Harumicho, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan;
| | - Yuri S. Tokarev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo 3, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.G.K.); (A.N.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8123772923; Fax: +7-8124704110
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Wadi L, Reinke AW. Evolution of microsporidia: An extremely successful group of eukaryotic intracellular parasites. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008276. [PMID: 32053705 PMCID: PMC7017984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron W. Reinke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Donahue KL, Broadley HJ, Elkinton JS, Burand JP, Huang W, Andersen JC. Using the
SSU
,
ITS
, and Ribosomal
DNA
Operon Arrangement to Characterize Two Microsporidia Infecting Bruce Spanworm,
Operophtera bruceata
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 66:424-434. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn L. Donahue
- Biology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon New Hampshire 03756 USA
| | - Hannah J. Broadley
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Joseph S. Elkinton
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - John P. Burand
- Microbiology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Wei‐Fone Huang
- College of Bee Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Jeremy C. Andersen
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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Bacela-Spychalska K, Wróblewski P, Mamos T, Grabowski M, Rigaud T, Wattier R, Rewicz T, Konopacka A, Ovcharenko M. Europe-wide reassessment of Dictyocoela (Microsporidia) infecting native and invasive amphipods (Crustacea): molecular versus ultrastructural traits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8945. [PMID: 29895884 PMCID: PMC5997659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are common parasites infecting animals and protists. They are specifically common pathogens of amphipods (Crustacea, Malacostraca), with Dictyocoela spp. being particularly frequent and highly prevalent, exhibiting a range of phenotypic and ecological effects. Until now, seven species of Dictyocoela were defined, predominantly based on the genetic distance. However, neither the taxonomic status of this provisionally erected genus (based on eight novel sequences and one micrograph of the spore), nor its internal phylogenetic relationships have been clearly revealed. The formal description of the genus and of most of the putative species are still lacking. Here we aimed to fill this gap and performed both ultrastructural and molecular studies (based on SSU, ITS and partial LSU) using different species delimitation methods. As a consensus of these results and following conservative data interpretation, we propose to distinguish five species infecting gammarid hosts, and to keep the names introduced by the authors of the type sequences: Dictyocoela duebenum, D. muelleri, D. berillonum and D. roeselum. We provide full descriptions of these species. Moreover, thanks to our extensive sampling, we extend the known host and geographic range of these Microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bacela-Spychalska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wróblewski
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 51/55 Twarda Street, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Remi Wattier
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alicja Konopacka
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mykola Ovcharenko
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 51/55 Twarda Street, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian Academy High School, 22b Arciszewskiego Street, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
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8
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Pilarska D, Takov D, Hyliš M, Radek R, Fiala I, Solter L, Linde A. Natural occurrence of microsporidia infecting Lepidoptera in Bulgaria. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:858-869. [PMID: 29035867 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined 34 lepidopteran species belonging to 12 families to determine presence and prevalence of microsporidian pathogens. The insects were collected from May 2009 to July 2012 from 44 sites in Bulgaria. Nosema species were isolated from Archips xylosteana, Tortrix viridana, Operophtera brumata, Orthosia cerasi, and Orthosia cruda. Endoreticulatus sp. was isolated from Eilema complana. The prevalence of all isolates in their hosts was low and ranged from 1.0% to 5.3%. Phylogenetic analyses of the new isolates based on SSU rDNA are presented.
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9
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Meng XZ, Luo B, Tang XY, He Q, Xiong TR, Fang ZY, Pan G, Li T, Zhou ZY. Pathological analysis of silkworm infected by two microsporidia Nosema bombycis CQ1 and Vairimorpha necatrix BM. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 153:75-84. [PMID: 29258842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia Nosema bombycis CQ1 can be vertically transmitted in silkworm Bombyx mori but Vairimorpha necatrix BM cannot. Therefore, the pathological differences in silkworm infected with these two microsporidia required clarification. Here, we compared the virulence of N. bombycis CQ1 and V. necatrix BM against silkworm. The pathological characteristics in intestine, testis and ovary were surveyed using paraffin sections, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our data firstly showed that the virulence of V. necatrix BM was weaker than that of N. bombycis CQ1. Secondly, the typical symptom of V. necatrix BM infection is making xenomas, which are full of pathogens in different stages, at the posterior of intestine. However, no xenomas were formed surrounding intestines infected with N. bombycis CQ1. Thirdly, N. bombycis CQ1 can cluster spores near the trachea while infecting ovaries. It is worth noting that N. bombycis CQ1 infected epithelial cells and connective tissues of ovaries, while V. necatrix BM did not. Although silkworm ovaries can not be infected by V. necatrix BM in vivo, it can infect embryonic and ovarian cell lines in vitro. This study is the first report about comparing infection features of N. bombycis CQ1 and V. necatrix BM in silkworm tissues and it provided elaborate and visual information of pathological characteristics which can help to explain the different transmission strategies of these two microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Bo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Xiang-You Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Ting-Rong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
| | - Ze-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, PR China.
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10
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Pilarska DK, Radek R, Huang WF, Takov DI, Linde A, Solter LF. Review of the genus Endoreticulatus (Microsporidia, Encephalitozoonidae) with description of a new species isolated from the grasshopper Poecilimon thoracicus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and transfer of Microsporidium itiiti Malone to the genus. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 124:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang WF, Solter L, Aronstein K, Huang Z. Infectivity and virulence of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in commercially available North American honey bees. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 124:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Solter LF, Kyei-Poku GK, Johny S. Comment on “Invasive Harlequin Ladybird Carries Biological Weapons Against Native Competitors”. Science 2013; 341:1342. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1241600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leellen F. Solter
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - George K. Kyei-Poku
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Shajahan Johny
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
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