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Alberto-Silva AC, Garcia JS, Mota EM, Martins FG, Pinheiro J, Mello-Silva CC. Reproductive alterations of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) and exposed to Euphorbia milii var. hislopii latex. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e259628. [PMID: 36000690 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural phytochemical latex of Euphorbia milii var. hislopii is one of the most promising natural molluscicides for the control of Biomphalaria glabrata, and has been widely studied under laboratory conditions for selective control of schistosomiasis transmission. However, the effect of this product on B. glabrata infected by other helminths had not yet been investigated. The present study reports evaluation of the effect of E. milii var. hislopii latex on the survival and reproductive activity of B. glabrata infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. For this purpose, the following groups were formed: control (C), exposed (E), infected (I) and infected and exposed for different time intervals (1 day - I+E-1D, 7 days - I+E-7D, 14 days - I+E-14D, 21 days - I+E-21D and 28 days - I+E-28D). The experimental infection was performed with L1 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposure to 0.08 mg/L (LC50) of E. milii latex for a period of 24 hours. We analyzed the effects of E. milii latex on the survival of snails during four weeks, reproductive parameters and possible histophysiopathological changes in the gonad and albumen gland of the snails. Regarding survival, there was reduction of more than 50% in the groups exposed to latex (E and I + E) compared to the control group. As for the number of ovigerous masses, eggs, and average number of hatched snails, significant increases were observed in the I+E-1D group at the 4th week compared to the control group and the other weeks in the same group. Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae were observed in the gonad and albumen gland from day 21 and 28 of infection in groups I and I+E, respectively, with granuloma-like formation. At these observation periods and in these groups, an increase in galactogen was observed in the albumen gland, which influenced egg laying, suggesting the existence of a fecundity compensation mechanism phenomenon. It was possible to conclude that both stressors - A. cantonensis infection and exposure to E. milii latex - directly influenced the survival and reproductive parameters of B. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Alberto-Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J S Garcia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E M Mota
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Patologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F G Martins
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - J Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - C C Mello-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Bonfim TCS, Martins FG, Tunholi-Alves VM, Santos MAJ, Brandolini SVPB, Pinheiro J. Evaluation of the reproductive profile of Subulina octona (Gastropoda, Subulinidae) experimentally infected by Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea, Eucotylidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:999-1006. [PMID: 33053135 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.233046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Snails infected by trematodes may increase or decrease their reproductive activity in response to the presence of infection. Our aim was to verify the reproductive alterations in Subulina octona after infection by Paratanaisia bragai. The infected snails were individually exposed for 24 hours to 20 parasite eggs and four groups were formed (10, 20, 30 and 40 d.p.i.- days after infection), along with control groups. Every 10 days, the number of eggs in the reproductive tract, number of eggs hatched, galactogen content and histopathological changes were evaluated. The reproductive in the control and infected snails presented an alternating pattern, where periods of high production of eggs and newly hatched were followed by periods of low production. However, in relation to the amount of galactogen, both control and infected groups followed the same pattern of variation. In the histology, we observed the presence of male and female gametes with marked reduction in the number of oocytes. The results indicate that the intra-snail development of the parasite affects the reproductive biology of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C S Bonfim
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - F G Martins
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - V M Tunholi-Alves
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - M A J Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - S V P B Brandolini
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - J Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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3
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Larissa Bitencourt Vidal M, Garcia Oliveira A, Menezes Tunholi V, Henrique da Silva Y, do Carmo Sperândio N, Carvalho Machado do Couto Chambarelli M, Menezes Tunholi-Alves V, Pinheiro J, Vilhena Freire Martins I. Physiological alterations in Pseudosuccinea columella (Mollusca: Gastropoda) after infection by Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107676. [PMID: 34634285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The snail Pseudosuccinea columella participates in the distribution of Fasciola hepatica in the environment by acting as its intermediate host. Therefore, the control of this lymnaeid is one of the ways to prevent hepatic fascioliasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of P. columella to infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis baujardi in laboratory conditions, as well as to investigate aspects related to the biochemistry and histopathology of snails exposed or not to the EPNs during three weeks. The EPN exposure induced significant reductions in the concentrations of glucose, total proteins and glycogen (gonad-digestive gland complex) in the snails during the onset of the infection, with the levels being restored as the infection progresses. These alterations were accompanied by increased hemolymph activities of aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the concentrations of uric acid after the first and second weeks of the experiment. The histopathological analyses of the exposed snails revealed cell necrosis at the end of the first week, tissue inflammatory reactions one and two weeks after exposure, and degeneration three weeks afterward in comparison with the unexposed snails. Finally, scanning electronic microscopy revealed proliferation of fibrous connective tissue three weeks after exposure. The results indicate that P. columella is susceptible to H. baujardi. The exposure favored the establishment of a negative energy balance, increased the activity of enzymes related to tissue damages and promoted accumulation of nitrogen compounds in the host snails. Additionally, was observed in P. columella exposed to the EPNs, significant tissue lesions, and demonstrated the strong pathogenic potential of H. baujardi, indicating its possible application for biological control of this snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Larissa Bitencourt Vidal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - André Garcia Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ygor Henrique da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Natânia do Carmo Sperândio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinheiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Vilhena Freire Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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Rodrigues JGM, Lira MGS, Nogueira RA, Gomes GCC, Licá ICL, Viegas-Melo D, Teles-Reis A, Miranda GS, Silva-Souza N. Effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate for the breeding of Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e55. [PMID: 32756825 PMCID: PMC7458072 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient snail production is essential for the proper maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle in the laboratory. In order to improve the breeding of Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions, this study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of a handmade shell-based substrate on the physiological performance of B. glabrata. The shells used to make the substrate were cleaned, sterilized and macerated until a powder was obtained (yield of 92.3%). B. glabrata specimens were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: negative control group (NCG) exposed to a clay-only substrate; a positive control group (PCG) containing clay, oyster flour and calcium carbonate; and the test group (TG) with the shell-based substrate and clay. B. glabrata bred in the test group showed improved growth, sexual maturity, fertility, mortality rate, and shell morphology when compared to the NCG, and similar to the PCG. Therefore, the shell-based substrate proved to be efficient and has a low cost for the breeding of B. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Sampaio Lira
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ranielly Araújo Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Gleycka Cristine Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Irlla Correia Lima Licá
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Patologia, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Davi Viegas-Melo
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teles-Reis
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Silva Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Departamento de Educação, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Nêuton Silva-Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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5
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Bonfim TCDS, Martins FG, Tunholi-Alves VM, Lima MG, Mota EM, Maldonado A, Pinheiro J, Garcia J. Evaluation of changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 exposed to experimental coinfection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) and Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda). J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 170:107314. [PMID: 31866115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between intermediate snail hosts and helminths can cause metabolic changes in the former. The snails use their reserves for maintenance of their vital processes, by activating the internal defense system and repairing tissue damage, while also supplying necessary energy for the parasites' development. Our aims were to evaluate the lactate dehydrogenase activity and the glucose concentration in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally coinfected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Echinostoma paraensei. Besides these aspects, the glycogen content in the digestive gland complex and cephalopedal mass along with histochemical changes in parasitized snails were analyzed. The snails were divided in group A (infected by 1200 L1 of A. cantonensis), group E (infected by 20 E. paraensei miracidia), group A + E (co-infected with A. cantonensis first and after a week by E. paraensei), group E + A (co-infected with E. paraensei first and then by A. cantonensis) and control group (not infected). During four weeks after exposure, samples were collected for biochemical and histochemical analyses. In the infected snails, glucose levels and glycogen content in the digestive gland complex and cephalopedal mass were significantly lower, in contrast with an increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity. These results indicate that the intense energy demand resulting from the presence of parasites causes the host snail to accelerate the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates to obtain energy, in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. Both parasites were observed in histochemical analysis to cause tissue damages in the snails. So, although the snails were able to sustain the coinfection, several metabolic and tissue changes occurred, mainly in those infected with E. paraensei and then with A. cantonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Cristina Dos Santos Bonfim
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Florence Gonçalves Martins
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Curso de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gomes Lima
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ester Maria Mota
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-300 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jairo Pinheiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465-km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juberlan Garcia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Cristina dos Santos Bonfim T, Tunholi-Alves VM, Martins FG, Mota EM, Maldonado A, Pinheiro J, Garcia JS. Biological and histological changes in reproductive patterns of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally co-infected by Echinostoma paraensei and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 195:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Tunholi VM, Lorenzoni PO, da Silva YH, Tunholi-Alves VM, Boeloni JN, da Silva MA, Monteiro CO, Prata MCA, Pinheiro J, Martins IVF. Molluscicidal potential of Heterorhabditis baujardi (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), strain LPP7, on Lymnaea columella (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): An alternative for biological control of fasciolosis. Acta Trop 2017; 173:23-29. [PMID: 28545895 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidated for the first time, under laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of Lymnaea columella to infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7. Exposure to the nematodes induced an average mortality rate of 66.66% in the population of L. columella, with the highest values attained from the second week after exposure onward. In addition, all the reproductive parameters analyzed (total number of eggs, number of egg masses, number of eggs laid/snail, embryo hatching rate and content of galactogen stored in the albumen gland) changed as a result of the infection. The results indicate the occurrence of the phenomenon of parasitic castration in L. columella infected by H. baujardi LPP7, probably through depletion of energy reserves such as galactogen, necessary to meet the intense metabolic demands of the nematode's larval stages. Finally, histopathological analysis demonstrated an intense process of cell disorganization, characterized by the occurrence of granulomatous inflammatory reactions in tissues of exposed snails, induced by the spoliative action of the bacteria/nematode. The results suggest the use of H. baujardi LPP7 as an alternative for biological control of the population of this intermediate host, and thus of the diseases in whose epidemiological chain it participates, especially fasciolosis, in line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - P O Lorenzoni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Ygor Henrique da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jankerle Neves Boeloni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Caio Oliveira Monteiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil
| | - M C A Prata
- Laboratório de Parasitologia da Unidade de Pesquisa da Embrapa Gado de Leite (Embrapa CNPGL), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - J Pinheiro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Vilhena Freire Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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8
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Evaluation of the mitochondrial system in the gonad-digestive gland complex of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Gastropoda) after infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 136:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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The development of Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) in the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822). J Helminthol 2016; 89:755-9. [PMID: 26442708 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus vasorum is a parasitic nematode that infects the heart and pulmonary artery and its branches of domestic and wild canids. The parasite can use several species of terrestrial and aquatic molluscs as intermediate hosts, although susceptibility varies. Pomacea canaliculata is a mollusc found in lakes, swamps and rivers in South America. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility, parasite growth, oviposition and larval development of 282 P. canaliculata infected with 500 A. vasorum first-instar larvae (L1). From day 5 post-infection (pi) to day 30 pi, seven specimens per day were sacrificed to recover the larval instars. We compared 50 egg masses from infected and uninfected molluscs to determine the number of eggs per clutch, the hatching rate and the growth of the molluscs. The percentage of recovered larvae ranged from 39.17% to 67.5%. First-stage larvae (L1) were found until day 19 pi, second-stage larvae (L2) were found from days 11 to 25 pi, and third-stage larvae (L3) were recovered only after day 19 pi. Infected snails exhibited the most eggs during spawning, although the rate of hatching and shell size were lower in the infected snails compared with controls. This is the first report of an experimental infection of P. canaliculata with A. vasorum, and the results confirm the non-specificity of the nematode in relation to the intermediate host and indicate the importance of epidemiological surveys of this parasite and mollusc.
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10
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Faro MJ, Perazzini M, Corrêa LDR, Mello-Silva CC, Pinheiro J, Mota EM, de Souza S, de Andrade Z, Júnior AM. Biological, biochemical and histopathological features related to parasitic castration of Biomphalaria glabrata infected by Schistosoma mansoni. Exp Parasitol 2013; 134:228-34. [PMID: 23541880 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic castration in the snail-trematode relationship can be understood as any change in the reproductive function of the snail that is due to interference by the developing larvae inside the snail that leads to the reduction or complete disruption of egg-laying activity. This study was designed to observe the parasitic castration of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni during both the pre-patent and patent periods. The effect of infection on snail fecundity and fertility, growth rate and survival was studied during the 62 days following miracidia exposure. An integrated approach was employed that used biochemical and histological tools over the same period. To study the effect of infection on reproduction, we individually exposed 30 snails to 5 miracidia each and tracked their fertility and fecundity. For our histopathological studies, 50 snails were exposed to 20 miracidia each, and for our histochemical studies, 50 snails were exposed to 5 miracidia each. An equal number of uninfected snails were used as a control for each group. The B. glabrata exposed to the BH strain of S. mansoni showed 50% positivity for cercarial shedding. Both the experimental and control groups showed 100% survival. The pre-patent period lasted until 39 days after exposure to miracidia. Exposed snails that showed cercarial shedding exhibited higher growth rates than either exposed snails that did not demonstrate cercarial shedding or uninfected controls. Exposed snails without cercarial shedding and uninfected controls showed no differences in the reproductive parameters evaluated during the patent period; snails experiencing cercarial shedding showed a reduction in fecundity and fertility. These snails began to lay eggs only after the 50th day post miracidia exposure. The haemolymph glucose levels showed an oscillating pattern that decreased during periods of greater mobilisation of energy by the larvae and was accompanied by a depletion of glycogen in the cephalopodal mass and digestive gland. Histopathological examination at 55 days showed that the ovotestis was highly atrophied. There was almost complete disappearance of germ cells, and the supporting stroma formed a nearly empty net. At day 45, the infected digestive gland showed a high cylindrical epithelium with little preserved cytoplasm. The contents of the secretory granules of the albumen gland of infected animals stained with Alcian blue (AB), pH 1.0, indicating the presence of sulphated carbohydrates. Thus, parasitic castration in the B. glabrata-S. mansoni model may be regulated directly and indirectly by the developmental stage of the trematode and the biochemical and histopathological alterations during the patent period of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Julia Faro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tunholi VM, Tunholi-Alves VM, Lustrino D, Castro RN, Sant'Ana LD, Garcia JS, Maldonado A, dos Santos MAJ, de Lurdes de Azevedo Rodrigues M, Pinheiro J. Aerobic to anaerobic transition in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) infected with different miracidial doses of Echinostoma paraensei (Lie and Basch, 1967) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Exp Parasitol 2013; 133:403-10. [PMID: 23376444 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The glucose content in the hemolymph and glycogen content in the digestive gland-gonad complex (DGG) and cephalopedal mass of Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to different parasite doses (5 and 50 miracidia) of Echinostoma paraensei as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) analyses were also performed to determine the concentrations of four organic acids (oxalic, succinic, pyruvic and lactic) present in the hemolymph of infected and uninfected snails, to better understand the effect of infection on the host's energetic/oxidative metabolism. The snails were dissected 1-4 weeks after infection to collect the hemolymph and separate the tissues. There was alteration in the glycemia of the snails at both parasite doses, with a significant increase of glycemia from of the third week after infection in comparison to the control group. Changes were also observed in the lactate dehydrogenase activity, with increased activity as the infection progressed. In parallel, there was a decrease in the glycogen content in the storage tissues, with a markedly greater reduction in the digestive gland-gonad complex (larval development site) in comparison with the cephalopedal mass. Additionally, the infection by both miracidial doses resulted in an increase of oxalic and lactic acid levels, as well as in a decline of piruvic and succinic acid levels in B. glabrata, thus explaining the reduction of the oxidative decarboxylation rate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and acceleration of the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in the snails, through lactic fermentation, which is essential to ensure energy supply and success of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Changes in the calcium metabolism of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. J Helminthol 2013; 88:160-5. [PMID: 23290340 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x12000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Levels of calcium in the haemolymph and reserves in the shell of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis were determined for the first time. At the same time, histochemical analyses of the digestive gland of infected and uninfected snails were performed to better understand the possible changes in metabolism of calcium in these organisms. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks of infection, the snails were dissected for collection of haemolymph and separation of tissues. The highest calcium concentrations in the haemolymph were found 2 weeks after infection, with a 39.61% increase in relation to the respective control group. However, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of this ion in the haemolymph of infected snails after 1 week of infection in relation to the uninfected specimens. In parallel, intense hypocalcification was shown in the shell of infected snails 1 and 2 weeks after infection, differing significantly in relation to the respective control groups. Morphological changes in the digestive gland of infected snails were also observed, confirming the role of this ion as an important element in the parasite encapsulation process.
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Tunholi-Alves VM, Tunholi VM, Lustrino D, Amaral LS, Thiengo SC, Pinheiro J. Changes in the reproductive biology of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 108:220-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tunholi VM, Lustrino D, Tunholi-Alves VM, Garcia JS, Mello-Silva CCC, Maldonado A, Rodrigues MDLDA, Pinheiro J. Influence of Echinostoma paraensei (Lie and Basch, 1967) infection on the calcium content in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:266-9. [PMID: 21820434 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga Estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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Lipid levels in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biochemical profile of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) after infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitol Res 2011; 109:885-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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