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Su Z, Liu G, Li C, Liu X, Guo Q, Wang P, Dong L, Lu X, Zhao W, Zhang X, Qu Y, Zhang J, Mo S, Li S, Ma P. Establishment and application of quantitative detection of Bacillus velezensis HMB26553, a biocontrol agent against cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300412. [PMID: 38375560 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A highly sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was developed for detection and quantification of Bacillus velezensis HMB26553 in cotton rhizosphere. The study aimed to develop a quantitative detection method for the strain HMB26553, and explore the relationship between its colonization of the cotton rhizosphere and its control effect. The whole genome sequence of strain HMB26553 was obtained by genome sequencing and a unique specific sequence pB-gene0026 on plasmid plaBV2 was identified by using high-throughput alignment against NCBI. Plasmid plaBV2 could be stably genetically inherited. Based on this sequence, specific primers for amplifying 106 bp and a minor groove binder (MGB) TaqMan probe for enhancing sensitivity were designed. The copy number of plaBV2 in strain HMB26553, which was 2, was confirmed by internal reference primers and the MGB TaqMan probe based on housekeeping gene gyrB. The established detection technique based on these primers and probes had high specificity and sensitivity compared to traditional plate counting method, with a detection limit of 1.5 copy genome. Using this method, the study discovered a likely correlation between the quantity of colonization in cotton rhizosphere and efficacy against cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia after seed soaking and irrigation with strain HMB26553. Thus, this method provides scientific support for the rational application of strain HMB26553 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhe Su
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Gaoge Liu
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Cong Li
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Qinggang Guo
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuyun Lu
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanghang Qu
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Shaojing Mo
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Shezeng Li
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Baoding, China
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Schuster C, Baró Robaina Y, Ben Gharsa H, Bobushova S, Manfrino RG, Gutierrez AC, Lopez Lastra CC, Doolotkeldieva T, Leclerque A. Species Discrimination within the Metarhizium PARB Clade: Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer (rIGS)-Based Diagnostic PCR and Single Marker Taxonomy. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:996. [PMID: 37888252 PMCID: PMC10607842 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato forms a species complex, comprising a tight cluster made up of four species, namely M. anisopliae sensu stricto, M. pinghaense, M. robertsii and M. brunneum. Unambiguous species delineation within this "PARB clade" that enables both the taxonomic assignment of new isolates and the identification of potentially new species is highly solicited. (2) Methods: Species-discriminating primer pairs targeting the ribosomal intergenic spacer (rIGS) sequence were designed and a diagnostic PCR protocol established. A partial rIGS sequence, referred to as rIGS-ID800, was introduced as a molecular taxonomic marker for PARB species delineation. (3) Results: PARB species from a validation strain set not implied in primer design were clearly discriminated using the diagnostic PCR protocol developed. Using rIGS-ID800 as a single sequence taxonomic marker gave rise to a higher resolution and statistically better supported delineation of PARB clade species. (4) Conclusions: Reliable species discrimination within the Metarhizium PARB clade is possible through both sequencing-independent diagnostic PCR and sequencing-dependent single marker comparison, both based on the rIGS marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schuster
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
| | - Yamilé Baró Robaina
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
- Plant Health Research Institute (INISAV), 110 Str. 514, Havana 11600, Cuba
| | - Haifa Ben Gharsa
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
| | - Saikal Bobushova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 56 Chyngyz Aitmatov Avenue, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Romina Guadalupe Manfrino
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
- Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UNLP-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alejandra C. Gutierrez
- Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UNLP-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Claudia C. Lopez Lastra
- Centro de Estudios Parasitólogicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UNLP-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Tinatin Doolotkeldieva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 56 Chyngyz Aitmatov Avenue, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andreas Leclerque
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUDa), Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (Y.B.R.)
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Posada-Vergara C, Vidal S, Rostás M. Local Competition and Enhanced Defense: How Metarhizium brunneum Inhibits Verticillium longisporum in Oilseed Rape Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:796. [PMID: 37623567 PMCID: PMC10455689 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium brunneum is a soil-borne fungal entomopathogen that can be associated with plant roots. Previous studies have demonstrated that root colonization by beneficial fungi can directly affect soil-borne pathogens through competition and antibiosis and can activate a systemic response in plants, resulting in a primed state for a faster and/or stronger response to stressors. However, the mechanisms by which Metarhizium inoculation ameliorates symptoms caused by plant pathogens are not well known. This study evaluated the ability of M. brunneum to protect oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants against the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium longisporum and investigated whether the observed effects are a result of direct interaction and/or plant-mediated effects. In vitro and greenhouse experiments were conducted to measure fungal colonization of the rhizosphere and plant tissues, and targeted gene expression analysis was used to evaluate the plant response. The results show that M. brunneum delayed pathogen colonization of plant root tissues, resulting in decreased disease symptoms. Direct competition and antibiosis were found to be part of the mechanisms, as M. brunneum growth was stimulated by the pathogen and inhibited the in vitro growth of V. longisporum. Additionally, M. brunneum changed the plant response to the pathogen by locally activating key defense hormones in the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways. Using a split-root setup, it was demonstrated that there is a plant-mediated effect, as improved plant growth and decreased disease symptoms were observed when M. brunneum was in the systemic compartment. Moreover, a stronger systemic induction of the gene PR1 suggested a priming effect, involving the SA pathway. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of M. brunneum against soil-borne pathogens in oilseed rape plants, highlighting the potential of this fungal entomopathogen as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Posada-Vergara
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstr 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
| | | | - Michael Rostás
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstr 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
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Zhang ZY, Feng Y, Tong SQ, Ding CY, Tao G, Han YF. Morphological and phylogenetic characterisation of two new soil-borne fungal taxa belonging to Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota). MycoKeys 2023; 98:113-132. [PMID: 37324546 PMCID: PMC10267719 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal taxa belonging to the Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are widely distributed and include diverse saprophytic, symbiotic and pathogenic species that are associated with soils, insects, plants, fungi and invertebrates. In this study, we identified two new fungal taxa belonging to the family Clavicipitaceae that were isolated from soils collected in China. Morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses showed that the two species belong to Pochonia (Pochoniasinensissp. nov.) and a new genus for which we propose Paraneoaraneomycesgen. nov. in Clavicipitaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yao Feng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Shuo-Qiu Tong
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Chen-Yu Ding
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Gang Tao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yan-Feng Han
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Hernández I, Sant C, Martínez R, Almazán M, Caminal M, Quero V, El-Adak M, Casanova A, Garrido-Jurado I, Yousef-Yousef M, Quesada-Moraga E, Lara JM, Fernández C. Persistence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in the Soil Is Affected by Formulation Type as Shown by Strain-Specific DNA Markers. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020229. [PMID: 36836343 PMCID: PMC9966207 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Metarhizium has an increasingly important role in the development of Integrated Pest Control against Tephritid fruit flies in aerial sprays targeting adults and soil treatments targeting preimaginals. Indeed, the soil is considered the main habitat and reservoir of Metarhizium spp., which may be a plant-beneficial microorganism due to its lifestyle as an endophyte and/or rhizosphere-competent fungus. This key role of Metarhizium spp. for eco-sustainable agriculture highlights the priority of developing proper monitoring tools not only to follow the presence of the fungus in the soil and to correlate it with its performance against Tephritid preimaginals but also for risk assessment studies for patenting and registering biocontrol strains. The present study aimed at understanding the population dynamics of M. brunneum strain EAMb 09/01-Su, which is a candidate strain for olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) preimaginal control in the soil, when applied to the soil at the field using different formulations and propagules. For this, strain-specific DNA markers were developed and used to track the levels of EAMb 09/01-Su in the soil of 4 field trials. The fungus persists over 250 days in the soil, and the levels of the fungus remained higher when applied as an oil-dispersion formulation than when applied as a wettable powder or encapsulated microsclerotia. Peak concentrations of EAMb 09/01-Su depend on the exogenous input and weakly on environmental conditions. These results will help us to optimize the application patterns and perform accurate risk assessments during further development of this and other entomopathogenic fungus-based bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Hernández
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-938182891
| | - Clara Sant
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Raquel Martínez
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Marta Almazán
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Marta Caminal
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Víctor Quero
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Mohammed El-Adak
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - Albert Casanova
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Manuel Lara
- Futureco Bioscience, Avda. Del Cadí 19-23, 08799 Olèrdola, Spain
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Ponchon M, Reineke A, Massot M, Bidochka MJ, Thiéry D, Papura D. Three Methods Assessing the Association of the Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii with Non-Grafted Grapevine Vitis vinifera. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122437. [PMID: 36557691 PMCID: PMC9787814 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the association of endophytic insect pathogenic fungi (EIPF) with plants is an important step in order to understand their ecology before using them in biological control programs. Since several methods are available, it is challenging to identify the most appropriate for such investigations. Here, we used two strains of Metarhizium robertsii: EF3.5(2) native to the French vineyard environment and ARSEF-2575-GFP a laboratory strain expressing a green fluorescent protein, to compare their potential of association with non-grafted grapevine Vitis vinifera. Three methods were used to evaluate the kinetics of rhizosphere and grapevine endospheric colonization: (i) Droplet Digital (ddPCR), a sensitive molecular method of M. robertsii DNA quantification in different plant parts, (ii) culture-based method to detect the live fungal propagules from plant tissues that grew on the medium, (iii) confocal imaging to observe roots segments. Both strains showed evidence of establishment in the rhizosphere of grapevines according to the culture-based and ddPCR methods, with a significantly higher establishment of strain EF3.5(2) (40% positive plants and quantified median of exp(4.61) c/μL) compared to strain ARSEF-2575-GFP (13% positive plants and quantified median of exp(2.25) c/μL) at 96-98 days post-inoculation. A low incidence of association of both strains in the grapevine root endosphere was found with no significant differences between strains and evaluation methods (15% positive plants inoculated with strain EF3.5(2) and 5% with strain ARSEF-2575-GFP according to culture-based method). ddPCR should be used more extensively to investigate the association between plants and EIPF but always accompanied with at least one method such as culture-based method or confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Ponchon
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, UMR SAVE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Annette Reineke
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Marie Massot
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - Michael J. Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, UMR SAVE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-557-122-618
| | - Daciana Papura
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, UMR SAVE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Root Colonization by Fungal Entomopathogen Systemically Primes Belowground Plant Defense against Cabbage Root Fly. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090969. [PMID: 36135694 PMCID: PMC9505207 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi infect insects via spores but also live inside plant tissues as endophytes. Frequently, colonization by entomopathogens provides plants with increased resistance against insects, but the mechanisms are little understood. This study investigated direct, local, and systemic root-mediated interactions between isolates of the fungus Metarhizium brunneum and larvae of the cabbage root fly (CRF) Delia radicum attacking Brassica napus plants. All fungal isolates infected CRF when conidia were present in the soil, leading to 43–93% mortality. Locally, root-associated M. brunneum isolates reduced herbivore damage by 10–20% and in three out of five isolates caused significant insect mortality due to plant-mediated and/or direct effects. A split-root experiment with isolate Gd12 also demonstrated systemic plant resistance with significantly reduced root collar damage by CRF. LC-MS analyses showed that fungal root colonization did not induce changes in phytohormones, while herbivory increased jasmonic acid (JA) and glucosinolate concentrations. Proteinase inhibitor gene expression was also increased. Fungal colonization, however, primed herbivore-induced JA and the expression of the JA-responsive plant defensin 1.2 (PDF1.2) gene. We conclude that root-associated M. brunneum benefits plant health through multiple mechanisms, such as the direct infection of insects, as well as the local and systemic priming of the JA pathway.
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Bueno-Pallero FÁ, Blanco-Pérez R, Vicente-Díez I, Rodríguez Martín JA, Dionísio L, Campos-Herrera R. Patterns of Occurrence and Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Algarve (Portugal) Using Different Isolation Methods. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060352. [PMID: 32512919 PMCID: PMC7348715 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are distributed in natural and agricultural soils worldwide. To investigate EPF occurrence in different botanical habitats and soil-ecoregions, we surveyed 50 georeferenced localities in the spring of 2016 across the Algarve region (South Portugal). Additionally, we compared three EPF isolation methods: insect baiting in untreated or pre-dried-soil and soil dilution plating on a selective medium. We hypothesized that forest habitats (oak and pine semi-natural areas) and the acidic soil ecoregion may favor EPF occurrence. Overall, EPF species were present in 68% of sites, widely distributed throughout the Algarve. The use of selective media resulted in higher recovery of EPF than did either soil-baiting method. Contrary to our hypothesis, neither vegetation type nor ecoregion appeared to influence EPF occurrence. Traditional and molecular methods confirmed the presence of five EPF species. Beauveria bassiana (34% of sites), was the most frequently detected EPF, using pre-dried soil baiting and soil dilution methods. However, baiting untreated soil recovered Fusarium solani more frequently (26% of sites), demonstrating the utility of using multiple isolation methods. We also found Fusarium oxysporum, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium anisopliae in 14%, 8% and 2% of the sites, respectively. Three abiotic variables (pH, soil organic matter and Mg) explained 96% of the variability of the entomopathogen community (EPF and entomopathogenic nematodes) in a canonical correspondence analysis, confirming the congruence of the soil properties that drive the assemblage of both entomopathogens. This study expands the knowledge of EPF distribution in natural and cultivated Mediterranean habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero
- UDIT MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Pólo, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.Á.B.-P.); (L.D.)
| | - Rubén Blanco-Pérez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (R.B.-P.); (I.V.-D.)
| | - Ignacio Vicente-Díez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (R.B.-P.); (I.V.-D.)
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez Martín
- Departamento de Medioambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Ctra. de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lídia Dionísio
- UDIT MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Pólo, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.Á.B.-P.); (L.D.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (R.B.-P.); (I.V.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941-894980
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Mayerhofer J, Lutz A, Dennert F, Rehner SA, Kepler RM, Widmer F, Enkerli J. A species-specific multiplexed PCR amplicon assay for distinguishing between Metarhizium anisopliae, M. brunneum, M. pingshaense and M. robertsii. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 161:23-28. [PMID: 30641044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The fungal species Metarhizium pingshaense, M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, and M. brunneum, a monophyletic group informally referred to as the PARB species complex, are well known facultative entomopathogens, including many commercialized strains used for biological pest control. Accurate and expedient species identification of Metarhizium isolates represents an important first step when addressing ecological as well as application-related questions involving these fungi. To this end, a species-specific multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for identification and discrimination among Metarhizium PARB complex species, based on unique sequence signature differences within the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer (rIGS) and nuclear intergenic spacer regions MzFG546 and MzIGS2. Species-specificities of the four primer pairs were assessed following a three-step approach including: (1) in silico verification of sequence signatures by BLASTN searches against publically available genome and amplicon sequence data, (2) corroboration of assay specificity and robustness by performing test PCR amplifications against a taxonomically curated reference strain collection of 68 Metarhizium strains representing 12 species, and (3) testing against a field collection of 19 unknown Metarhizium isolates from soil of a Swiss meadow. The specificity of these four primer pairs provide an efficient means to detect and discriminate PARB species in studies targeting ecological aspects of indigenous isolates, as well as efficacy, persistence and potential non-target effects of applied biocontrol strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andy Lutz
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Dennert
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephen A Rehner
- Systematic Mycology and Nematology Genomic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Ryan M Kepler
- Systematic Mycology and Nematology Genomic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Franco Widmer
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Enkerli
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Barelli L, Moreira CC, Bidochka MJ. Initial stages of endophytic colonization by Metarhizium involves rhizoplane colonization. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:1531-1540. [PMID: 30311875 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here we assessed the time course of rhizoplane colonization by the endophytic insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. We describe a method of quantifying root colonization of bean plants by M. robertsii using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results of this method were compared to the standard plate count method using colony-forming units (c.f.u.). Both the c.f.u. and qPCR methods were used to monitor the time-course of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) colonization by a strain of M. robertsii that expresses the green fluorescent protein (ARSEF 2575-GFP) for colony verification. There was a strong correlation between the results of the c.f.u. and qPCR methods, indicating that both methods are well suited for the determination of colonization of P. vulgaris roots by M. robertsii. Primers for a catalase gene (cat) amplified DNA from M. robertsii, M. brunneum and M. guizhouense. Primers for a nitrogen response-regulator (nrr) additionally detected M. acridum and M. flavoviride, whereas Metarhizium perilipin-like protein (mpl) primers were specific to M. robertsii alone. However, cat was the only target that specifically amplified Metarhizium in experiments utilizing non-sterile soil. Endophytic colonization of P. vulgaris at 60 days post-inoculation with M. robertsii was detected from surface-sterilized roots with more sensitivity using our qPCR technique over the c.f.u. method. Our results suggest that there is a prolonged period of rhizoplane colonization by Metarhizium with transient, low-level endophytic colonization of the root system of P. vulgaris that persists for the entirety of the plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Barelli
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Camila C Moreira
- 2Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Michael J Bidochka
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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11
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Metarhizium brunneum – An enzootic wireworm disease and evidence for its suppression by bacterial symbionts. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Schneider S, Tajrin T, Lundström JO, Hendriksen NB, Melin P, Sundh I. Do Multi-year Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for Control of Mosquito Larvae Affect the Abundance of B. cereus Group Populations in Riparian Wetland Soils? MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:901-909. [PMID: 28600590 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is a soil-borne bacterium affiliated to the Bacillus cereus group (Bcg) and has been used in biocontrol products against nematoceran larvae for several decades. However, knowledge is limited on whether long-term Bti application can affect the structure of indigenous communities of Bcg and the overall abundance of Bti. Using species- and group-specific quantitative PCR assays, we measured the Bcg- and Bti-abundances in riparian wetlands in the River Dalälven floodplains of central Sweden. On five occasions during one vegetative season, soil samples were collected in alder swamps and wet meadows which had been treated with Bti for mosquito larvae control during the preceding 11 years, as well as in untreated control sites and well-drained forests in the same area. The average abundance of Bcg in alder swamps was around three times higher than in wet meadows. Across all sites and habitats, the Bti treatments had no effect on the Bcg-abundance, whereas the Bti-abundance was significantly higher in the treated than in the control sites. However, for individual sampling sites, abundances of Bti and Bcg were not correlated with the number of Bti applications, indicating that added Bti possibly influenced the total population of Bti in the short term but had only a limited effect in the longer term. The findings of this study increase the understanding of the ecology of Bti applications for mosquito control, which can facilitate environmental risk assessment in connection with approval of microbiological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Tania Tajrin
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan O Lundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish Biological Mosquito Control Project, Nedre Dalälvens Utvecklings AB, Gysinge, Sweden
| | - Niels B Hendriksen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Ingvar Sundh
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Dunlap CA, Mascarin GM, Romagnoli EM, Jackson MA. Rapid discrimination of Isaria javanica and Isaria poprawskii from Isaria spp. using high resolution DNA melting assays. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:88-93. [PMID: 28939380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluates the potential of using high resolution DNA melting assays to discriminate species in the genus Isaria. The study utilizes a previously identified 103 base pair PCR amplicon, which was reported to be selective for Isaria fumosorosea. Our study finds the amplicon selective for Isaria javanica and Isaria poprawskii when assayed against all members of the genus. In addition, the high resolution melting profile of this amplicon can be used to discriminate between I. javanica, I. poprawskii and a 1:1 mixture of the two species. The practical application of this technique was confirmed using a bioassay on whitefly nymphs (Bemisia tabaci biotype B) inoculated with I. javanica, I. poprawskii or a 1:1 mixture of the two species. This assay provides a simple assay to identify these two species of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Gabriel M Mascarin
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA; Embrapa Rice and Beans, Rodovia GO-462, Km 12, Zona Rural, C.P. 179, 75375-000 Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Emiliana M Romagnoli
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Mark A Jackson
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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14
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Garrido-Jurado I, Fernández-Bravo M, Campos C, Quesada-Moraga E. Diversity of entomopathogenic Hypocreales in soil and phylloplanes of five Mediterranean cropping systems. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 130:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Specific diversity of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria and Metarhizium in Mexican agricultural soils. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 119:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Fournier E, Gladieux P, Giraud T. The 'Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde fungus': noble rot versus gray mold symptoms of Botrytis cinerea on grapes. Evol Appl 2013; 6:960-9. [PMID: 24062804 PMCID: PMC3779096 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cryptic species have recently been discovered in fungi, especially in fungal plant pathogens. Cryptic fungal species co-occurring in sympatry may occupy slightly different ecological niches, for example infecting the same crop plant but specialized on different organs or having different phenologies. Identifying cryptic species in fungal pathogens of crops and determining their ecological specialization are therefore crucial for disease management. Here, we addressed this question in the ascomycete Botrytis cinerea, the agent of gray mold on a wide range of plants. On grape, B. cinerea causes severe damage but is also responsible for noble rot used for processing sweet wines. We used microsatellite genotyping and clustering methods to elucidate whether isolates sampled on gray mold versus noble rot symptoms in three French regions belong to genetically differentiated populations. The inferred population structure matched geography rather than the type of symptom. Noble rot symptoms therefore do not seem to be caused by a specific B. cinerea population but instead seem to depend essentially on microclimatic conditions, which has applied consequences for the production of sweet wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fournier
- Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, INRA-CIRAD-SupAgro Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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