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Yu B, Zheng R, Bian M, Liu T, Lu K, Bao J, Pan G, Zhou Z, Li C. A monoclonal antibody targeting spore wall protein 1 inhibits the proliferation of Nosema bombycis in Bombyx mori. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0068123. [PMID: 37811955 PMCID: PMC10714992 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00681-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There are a few reports on the resistance of microsporidia, including Nosema bombycis. Here, the alkali-soluble germination proteins of N. bombycis were used as immunogens to prepare a monoclonal antibody, and its single-chain variable fragments effectively blocked microsporidia infection. Our study has provided novel strategies for microsporidiosis control and demonstrated a useful method for the potential treatment of other microsporidia diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maofei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Wang C, Yu B, Meng X, Xia D, Pei B, Tang X, Zhang G, Wei J, Long M, Chen J, Bao J, Li C, Pan G, Zhou Z, Li T. Microsporidian Nosema bombycis hijacks host vitellogenin and restructures ovariole cells for transovarial transmission. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011859. [PMID: 38060601 PMCID: PMC10729982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites that infect almost all animals, causing serious human diseases and major economic losses to the farming industry. Nosema bombycis is a typical microsporidium that infects multiple lepidopteran insects via fecal-oral and transovarial transmission (TOT); however, the underlying TOT processes and mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we characterized the TOT process and identified key factors enabling N. bombycis to invade the ovariole and oocyte of silkworm Bombyx mori. We found that the parasites commenced with TOT at the early pupal stage when ovarioles penetrated the ovary wall and were exposed to the hemolymph. Subsequently, the parasites in hemolymph and hemolymph cells firstly infiltrated the ovariole sheath, from where they invaded the oocyte via two routes: (I) infecting follicular cells, thereby penetrating oocytes after proliferation, and (II) infecting nurse cells, thus entering oocytes following replication. In follicle and nurse cells, the parasites restructured and built large vacuoles to deliver themselves into the oocyte. In the whole process, the parasites were coated with B. mori vitellogenin (BmVg) on their surfaces. To investigate the BmVg effects on TOT, we suppressed its expression and found a dramatic decrease of pathogen load in both ovarioles and eggs, suggesting that BmVg plays a crucial role in the TOT. Thereby, we identified the BmVg domains and parasite spore wall proteins (SWPs) mediating the interaction, and demonstrated that the von Willebrand domain (VWD) interacted with SWP12, SWP26 and SWP30, and the unknown function domain (DUF1943) bound with the SWP30. When disrupting these interactions, we found significant reductions of the pathogen load in both ovarioles and eggs, suggesting that the interplays between BmVg and SWPs were vital for the TOT. In conclusion, our study has elucidated key aspects about the microsporidian TOT and revealed the key factors for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guizheng Zhang
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Ma Z, Wang Y, Huang Z, Cheng S, Xu J, Zhou Z. Isolation of protein-free chitin spore coats of Nosema ceranae and its application to screen the interactive spore wall proteins. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2727-2733. [PMID: 33646339 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nosema ceranae is the pathogen of nosemosis in the honey bee, which can bring great economic loss to apiculture. Chitin acts as a major component of the endospore of microsporidia and plays an essential role to form the bridges across the endospore. Here, Chitin Spore Coats (CSCs) of N. ceranae were successfully extracted by optimized hot alkaline treatment. SDS-PAGE and Calcofluor White Stain (CWS) staining indicated that the obtained CSCs were protein-free and the transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that CSCs performed the intact and loose chitin spore coats. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence analysis (IFA) demonstrated that CSCs could interact with three spore wall proteins (rNcSWP7, rNcSWP8, and rNcSWP12). Our method was effective to extract CSCs of N. ceranae and this could be very useful for screening spore wall proteins involved in endospore composition, which could be helpful to uncover the biological structure and pathogenesis of microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zachary Huang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shang Cheng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Jinshan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insect, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Zheng S, Huang Y, Chen J, Wei J, Pan G, Li C, Zhou Z. A specific molecular label for identifying mature Nosema bombycis spores. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 170:107322. [PMID: 31901433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a fascinating phylum of obligate intracellular pathogens with unique infection processes and complicated life cycles. Microsporidian life cycles can be divided roughly into intracellular and extracellular stages. Currently, research on their life cycles were mainly explored by morphology because there are few molecular markers available with which to distinguish the different life stages. In this study, we generated H20, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to label mature spores of Nosema bombycis. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the target protein of H20, which is highly stable and was barely affected by alkali and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatments, was located on the mature spore surface. Western blot analysis showed that spore wall protein 26 (SWP26) was the likely target of H20. This MAb can specifically identify mature spores in a complex biological sample based on immunological detection of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yukang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Yang D, Pan L, Chen Z, Du H, Luo B, Luo J, Pan G. The roles of microsporidia spore wall proteins in the spore wall formation and polar tube anchorage to spore wall during development and infection processes. Exp Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29522765 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are highly specialized obligate intracellular, spore forming divergent fungi with a wide variety host range that includes most vertebrates and invertebrates. The resistant spores are surrounded by a rigid cell wall which consists of three layers: the electron-lucent chitin and protein inner endospore, the outer-electron-dense and mainly proteinaceous exospore and plasma membrane. Interestingly, microsporidia owns a special invasion organelle, called polar tube, coiled within the interior of the spore wall and attached to anchoring disk at the anterior end of spore. Spore wall and polar tube are the major apparatuses for mature spores adhering and infecting to the host cells. In this review, we summarize the research advances in spore wall proteins (SWPs) related to spore adherence and infection, and SWPs and deproteinated chitin spore coats (DCSCs) interaction associated with SWPs deposit processes and spore wall assembly. Furthermore, we highlight the SWPs-polar tube proteins (PTPs) interaction correlated to polar tube orderly orientation, arrangement and anchorage to anchoring disk. Based on results obtained, it is helpful to improve understanding of the spore wall assembly and polar tube orderly arrangement mechanisms and molecular pathogenesis of microsporidia infection. Also, such information will provide a basis for developing effective control strategies against microporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Yang
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lixia Pan
- Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huihui Du
- Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou province, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Forestry and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao J, Gao J, Zheng T, Yang Z, Chai Y, Chen S, Yuan R, Xu W. Highly sensitive electrochemical assay for Nosema bombycis gene DNA PTP1 via conformational switch of DNA nanostructures regulated by H + from LAMP. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:186-192. [PMID: 29427924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The portable and rapid detection of biomolecules via pH meters to monitor the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) from biological reactions (e.g. loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP) has attracted research interest. However, this assay strategy suffered from inherent drawback of low sensitivity, resulting in great limitations in practical applications. Herein, a novel electrochemical biosensor was constructed for highly sensitive detection of Nosema bombycis gene DNA (PTP1) through transducing chemical stimuli H+ from PTP1-based LAMP into electrochemical output signal of electroactive ferrocene (Fc). With use of target PTP1 as the template, the H+ from LAMP induced the conformational switch of pH-responsive DNA nanostructures (DNA NSs, Fc-Sp@Ts) that was assembled by the hybridization of Fc-labeled signal probe (Fc-Sp) with DNA-based receptor (Ts). Due to the folding of Ts into stable triplex structure at decreased pH, the configuration change of Fc-Sp@Ts led to the releasing of Fc-Sp, which was subsequently immobilized in the electrode interface through the hybridization with the capture probe modified with -SH (SH-Cp), generating amplified electrochemical signal from Fc. The developed biosensor for PTP1 exhibited a reliable linear range of 1 fg µL-1 to 50 ng µL-1 with the limit of detection of 0.31 fg µL-1. Thus, by the regulation of H+ from LAMP reaction on DNA NSs allostery, this novel and simple transduction scheme would be interesting and promising to open up a novel analytical route for sensitive monitoring of different target DNAs in related disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhehan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Wenju Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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7
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Meng XZ, Luo B, Tang XY, He Q, Xiong TR, Fang ZY, Pan G, Li T, Zhou ZY. Pathological analysis of silkworm infected by two microsporidia Nosema bombycis CQ1 and Vairimorpha necatrix BM. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 153:75-84. [PMID: 29258842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia Nosema bombycis CQ1 can be vertically transmitted in silkworm Bombyx mori but Vairimorpha necatrix BM cannot. Therefore, the pathological differences in silkworm infected with these two microsporidia required clarification. Here, we compared the virulence of N. bombycis CQ1 and V. necatrix BM against silkworm. The pathological characteristics in intestine, testis and ovary were surveyed using paraffin sections, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our data firstly showed that the virulence of V. necatrix BM was weaker than that of N. bombycis CQ1. Secondly, the typical symptom of V. necatrix BM infection is making xenomas, which are full of pathogens in different stages, at the posterior of intestine. However, no xenomas were formed surrounding intestines infected with N. bombycis CQ1. Thirdly, N. bombycis CQ1 can cluster spores near the trachea while infecting ovaries. It is worth noting that N. bombycis CQ1 infected epithelial cells and connective tissues of ovaries, while V. necatrix BM did not. Although silkworm ovaries can not be infected by V. necatrix BM in vivo, it can infect embryonic and ovarian cell lines in vitro. This study is the first report about comparing infection features of N. bombycis CQ1 and V. necatrix BM in silkworm tissues and it provided elaborate and visual information of pathological characteristics which can help to explain the different transmission strategies of these two microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Bo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Xiang-You Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Ting-Rong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
| | - Ze-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, PR China.
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Liu F, Ma Q, Dang X, Wang Y, Song Y, Meng X, Bao J, Chen J, Pan G, Zhou Z. Identification of a new subtilisin-like protease NbSLP2 interacting with cytoskeletal protein septin in Microsporidia Nosema bombycis. J Invertebr Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Liu H, Chen B, Hu S, Liang X, Lu X, Shao Y. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Germination of Nosema bombycis Spores under Extremely Alkaline Conditions. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1459. [PMID: 27708628 PMCID: PMC5030232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular pathogen of the silkworm Bombyx mori, causing the epidemic disease Pebrine and extensive economic losses in sericulture. Although N. bombycis forms spores with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures, ingested spores germinate immediately under the extremely alkaline host gut condition (Lepidoptera gut pH > 10.5), which is a key developmental turning point from dormant state to infected state. However, to date this process remains poorly understood due to the complexity of the animal digestive tract and the lack of genetic tools for microsporidia. Here we show, using an in vitro spore germination model, how the proteome of N. bombycis changes during germination, analyse specific metabolic pathways employed in detail, and validate key functional proteins in vivo in silkworms. By a label-free quantitative proteomics approach that is directly based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) data, a total of 1136 proteins were identified with high confidence, with 127 proteins being significantly changed in comparison to non-germinated spores. Among them, structural proteins including polar tube protein 1 and 3 and spore wall protein (SWP) 4 and 30 were found to be significantly down-regulated, but SWP9 significantly up-regulated. Some nucleases like polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase and flap endonucleases 1, together with a panel of hydrolases involved in protein degradation and RNA cleavage were overrepresented too upon germination, which implied that they might play important roles during spore germination. The differentially regulated trends of these genes were validated, respectively, by quantitative RT-PCR and 3 proteins of interest were confirmed by Western blotting analyses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the pathway analysis showed that abundant up- and down-regulations appear involved in the glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, purine, and pyrimidine metabolism, suggesting preparations of energy generation and substance synthesis for the following invasion and proliferation inside the host. This report, to our knowledge, provides the first proteomic landscape of N. bombycis spores, and also a stepping stone on the way to further study of the unique infection mode of this economically important pathogen and other microsporidia in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Bosheng Chen
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Sirui Hu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xili Liang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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Wang Q, Gan X, Zang R, Chai Y, Yuan Y, Yuan R. An amplified electrochemical proximity immunoassay for the total protein of Nosema bombycis based on the catalytic activity of Fe3O4NPs towards methylene blue. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:382-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Xie S, Yuan Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Tracing Phosphate Ions Generated during Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Electrochemical Detection of Nosema bombycis Genomic DNA PTP1. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10268-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunbi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm
Genome Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yali Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm
Genome Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm
Genome Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm
Genome Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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Han B, Zhou K, Li Z, Sun B, Ni Q, Meng X, Pan G, Li C, Long M, Li T, Zhou C, Li W, Zhou Z. Characterization of the First Fungal Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 19 Chitinase (NbchiA) from Nosema bombycis (Nb). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2015; 63:37-45. [PMID: 26108336 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14), as one kind of glycosyl hydrolase, hydrolyze the β-(1,4) linkages of chitin. According to the sequence similarity, chitinases can be divided into glycoside hydrolase family 18 and family 19. Here, a chitinase from Nosema bombycis (NbchiA) was cloned and purified by metal affinity chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. Sequence analysis indicated that NbchiA belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 19 class IV chitinase. The optimal pH and temperature of NbchiA are 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. This purified chitinase showed high activity toward soluble substrates such as ethylene glycol chitin and soluble chitosan. The degradation of chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)(2-5) detected by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that NbchiA hydrolyzed mainly the second glycosidic linkage from the reducing end of (GlcNAc)(3-5). On the basis of structure-based multiple-sequence alignment, Glu51 and Glu60 are believed to be the key catalytic residues. The site-directed mutation analysis revealed that the enzymatic activity was decreased upon mutation of Glu60, whereas mutation of Glu51 totally abolished the enzymatic activity. This is the first report of a GH19 chitinase in fungi and in Microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Congzhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Weifang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
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Interaction and assembly of two novel proteins in the spore wall of the microsporidian species Nosema bombycis and their roles in adherence to and infection of host cells. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1715-31. [PMID: 25605761 DOI: 10.1128/iai.03155-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites with rigid spore walls that protect against various environmental pressures. Despite an extensive description of the spore wall, little is known regarding the mechanism by which it is deposited or the role it plays in cell adhesion and infection. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of two novel spore wall proteins, SWP7 and SWP9, in the microsporidian species Nosema bombycis. SWP7 and SWP9 are mainly localized to the exospore and endospore of mature spores and the cytoplasm of sporonts, respectively. In addition, a portion of SWP9 is targeted to the spore wall of sporoblasts earlier than SWP7 is. Both SWP7 and SWP9 are specifically colocalized to the spore wall in mature spores. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation, far-Western blotting, unreduced SDS-PAGE, and yeast two-hybrid data demonstrated that SWP7 interacted with SWP9. The chitin binding assay showed that, within the total spore protein, SWP9 and SWP7 can bind to the deproteinated chitin spore coats (DCSCs) of N. bombycis. However, binding of the recombinant protein rSWP7-His to the DCSCs is dependent on the combination of rSWP9-glutathione S-transferase (GST) with the DCSCs. Finally, rSWP9-GST, anti-SWP9, and anti-SWP7 antibodies decreased spore adhesion and infection of the host cell. In conclusion, SWP7 and SWP9 may have important structural capacities and play significant roles in modulating host cell adherence and infection in vitro. A possible major function of SWP9 is as a scaffolding protein that supports other proteins (such as SWP7) that form the integrated spore wall of N. bombycis.
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Early responses of silkworm midgut to microsporidium infection – A Digital Gene Expression analysis. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 124:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Xie H, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Chai Y, Yuan Y, Yuan R. Fe3O4NPs mediated nonenzymatic electrochemical immunosensor for the total protein of Nosema bombycis detection without addition of substrate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7132-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work described an immunosensor for total protein of Nosema bombycis detection based on Fe3O4NPs as catalyst toward methylene blue with the aid of Fe3O4NPs–DNA dendrimers for signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Yali Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
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Li Z, Hao Y, Wang L, Xiang H, Zhou Z. Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analyses of the kinomes in four pathogenic microsporidia species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115890. [PMID: 25549259 PMCID: PMC4280135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia have attracted considerable attention because they infect a wide range of hosts, from invertebrates to vertebrates, and cause serious human diseases and major economic losses in the livestock industry. There are no prospective drugs to counteract this pathogen. Eukaryotic protein kinases (ePKs) play a central role in regulating many essential cellular processes and are therefore potential drug targets. In this study, a comprehensive summary and comparative analysis of the protein kinases in four microsporidia–Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Nosema bombycis and Nosema ceranae–was performed. The results show that there are 34 ePKs and 4 atypical protein kinases (aPKs) in E. bieneusi, 29 ePKs and 6 aPKs in E. cuniculi, 41 ePKs and 5 aPKs in N. bombycis, and 27 ePKs and 4 aPKs in N. ceranae. These data support the previous conclusion that the microsporidian kinome is the smallest eukaryotic kinome. Microsporidian kinomes contain only serine-threonine kinases and do not contain receptor-like and tyrosine kinases. Many of the kinases related to nutrient and energy signaling and the stress response have been lost in microsporidian kinomes. However, cell cycle-, development- and growth-related kinases, which are important to parasites, are well conserved. This reduction of the microsporidian kinome is in good agreement with genome compaction, but kinome density is negatively correlated with proteome size. Furthermore, the protein kinases in each microsporidian genome are under strong purifying selection pressure. No remarkable differences in kinase family classification, domain features, gain and/or loss, and selective pressure were observed in these four species. Although microsporidia adapt to different host types, the coevolution of microsporidia and their hosts was not clearly reflected in the protein kinases. Overall, this study enriches and updates the microsporidian protein kinase database and may provide valuable information and candidate targets for the design of treatments for pathogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Characterization of a novel spore wall protein NbSWP16 with proline-rich tandem repeats from Nosema bombycis (microsporidia). Parasitology 2014; 142:534-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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