1
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Garcia C, Charles M, Chollet B, Nadeau A, Serpin D, Quintric L, Pépin JF, Houssin M, Lupo C. Understanding the role of Francisella halioticida in mussel mortalities in France: an integrative approach. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:81-99. [PMID: 38661140 DOI: 10.3354/dao03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Since 2014, mass mortalities of mussels Mytilus spp. have occurred in production areas on the Atlantic coast of France. The aetiology of these outbreaks remained unknown until the bacterium Francisella halioticida was detected in some mussel mortality cases. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the association between F. halioticida and these mussel mortalities. Mussel batches (n = 45) from the Atlantic coast and English Channel were selected from archived individual samples (n = 863) collected either during or outside of mortality events between 2014 and 2017. All mussels were analysed by real-time PCR assays targeting F. halioticida; in addition, 185 were analysed using histological analysis and 178 by 16S rRNA metabarcoding. F. halioticida DNA was detected by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA metabarcoding in 282 and 34 mussels, respectively. Among these individuals, 82% (real-time PCR analysis) and 76% (16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis) were sampled during a mortality event. Histological analyses showed that moribund individuals had lesions mainly characterized by necrosis, haemocyte infiltration and granulomas. Risk factor analysis showed that mussel batches with more than 20% of PCR-positive individuals were more likely to have been sampled during a mortality event, and positive 16S rRNA metabarcoding batches increased the strength of the association with mortality by 11.6 times. The role of F. halioticida in mussel mortalities was determined by reviewing the available evidence. To this end, a causation criteria grid, tailored to marine diseases and molecular pathogen detection tools, allowed more evidence to be gathered on the causal role of this bacterium in mussel mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Bruno Chollet
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Aurélie Nadeau
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Delphine Serpin
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Laure Quintric
- Ifremer, IRSI, SEBIMER Service Bio-informatique d'Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Coralie Lupo
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
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2
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Bouras H, Quesnelle Y, Barozet A, Goux D, Blin JL, Savary M, Zatylny-Gaudin C, Houssin M. First isolation of Francisella halioticida strains from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Normandy, France. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 200:107950. [PMID: 37301277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortality events affecting the blue mussels Mytilus edulis have been observed in France since 2014. The DNA of the bacterium Francisella halioticida, reported as pathogen of giant abalone (Haliotis gigantea) and Yesso scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) has been detected recently in mussels from areas suffering mortalities. Isolation of this bacterium was attempted from individuals collected during mortality events. Identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time specific PCR and MALDI-ToF using spectra produced from the strain 8472-13A isolated from diseased Yesso scallop in Canada. Five isolates were identified as F. halioticida by real-time specific PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. MALDI-ToF allowed the direct identification of four isolates (FR22a,b,c,d) which had 100% identity on the 16S rRNA gene with the known strains. On the other hand, one isolate (FR21) was not recognized by MALDI-ToF and had 99.9% identity on the 16S rRNA gene. The FR22 isolates showed difficult growth and required media optimization, which was not the case with the FR21 isolate. For these reasons, it was hypothesized that two type strains are present on French coasts, named FR21 and FR22. The FR21 isolate was selected for phenotypic analysis (growth curve, biochemical characteristics, electron microscopy), phylogenetic analysis and an experimental challenge. This isolate showed distinct differences compared to published F. halioticida strains, both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Experimental infections of adult mussels led to 36% mortalities in 23 days following intramuscular injection with 3 × 107 CFU while a lower dose (3 × 103 CFU) did not lead to significant mortalities. In the context of this study, the strain FR21 was not virulent towards adult mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bouras
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France.
| | - Yann Quesnelle
- LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Alix Barozet
- LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CMAbio3 (Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie), SF EMerode, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6508 CRISMAT, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Louis Blin
- Synergie Mer et Littoral (SMEL), Zone Conchylicole, Blainville-sur-mer, France
| | - Manuel Savary
- Comité Régional de Conchyliculture (CRC) Normandie-Mer du Nord, 35 rue du littoral, 50560 Gouville-sur-Mer, France
| | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Maryline Houssin
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
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3
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Vibrio splendidus infection induces dysbiosis in the blue mussel and favors pathobiontic bacteria. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Michnowska A, Hart SFM, Smolarz K, Hallmann A, Metzger MJ. Horizontal transmission of disseminated neoplasia in the widespread clam
Macoma balthica
from the Southern Baltic Sea. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3128-3136. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Michnowska
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning Institute of Oceanography Faculty of Oceanography and Geography University of Gdańsk Piłsudskiego 46 81‐378 Gdynia
| | - Samuel F. M. Hart
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute 720 Broadway Seattle WA 98122 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Washington 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T‐466 Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning Institute of Oceanography Faculty of Oceanography and Geography University of Gdańsk Piłsudskiego 46 81‐378 Gdynia
| | - Anna Hallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Medical University of Gdańsk Dębinki 1 80‐211 Gdańsk
| | - Michael J. Metzger
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute 720 Broadway Seattle WA 98122 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Washington 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB T‐466 Seattle WA 98195 USA
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5
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Integration of Genotoxic Biomarkers in Environmental Biomonitoring Analysis Using a Multi-Biomarker Approach in Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030101. [PMID: 35324726 PMCID: PMC8950626 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Water is impacted by a variety of increasing pressures, such as contaminants, including genotoxic pollutants. The proposed multi-biomarker approach at a sub-individual level gives a complementary indicator to the chemical and ecological parameters of the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC). By integrating biomarkers of genotoxicity and erythrocyte necrosis in the sentinel fish species the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) through active biomonitoring of six stations of the Artois-Picardie watershed, north France, our work aimed to improve the already existing biomarker approach. Even if fish in all stations had high levels of DNA strand breaks, the multivariate analysis (PCA), followed by hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC), improved discrimination among stations by detecting an increase of nuclear DNA content variation (Etaing, St Rémy du Nord, Artres and Biache-St-Vaast) and erythrocyte necrosis (Etaing, St Rémy du Nord). The present work highlighted that the integration of these biomarkers of genotoxicity in a multi-biomarker approach is appropriate to expand physiological parameters which allow the targeting of new potential effects of contaminants.
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6
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Hammel M, Simon A, Arbiol C, Villalba A, Burioli EAV, Pépin JF, Lamy JB, Benabdelmouna A, Bernard I, Houssin M, Charrière G, Destoumieux-Garzon D, Welch J, Metzger MJ, Bierne N. Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:736-751. [PMID: 34192383 PMCID: PMC8716645 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transmissible cancers are parasitic malignant cell lineages that have acquired the ability to infect new hosts from the same species, or sometimes related species. First described in dogs and Tasmanian devils, transmissible cancers were later discovered in some marine bivalves affected by a leukaemia-like disease. In Mytilus mussels, two lineages of bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) have been described to date (MtrBTN1 and MtrBTN2), both of which emerged in a Mytilus trossulus founder individual. Here, we performed extensive screening of genetic chimerism, a hallmark of transmissible cancer, by genotyping 106 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 5,907 European Mytilus mussels. Genetic analysis allowed us to simultaneously obtain the genotype of hosts - Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis or hybrids - and the genotype of tumours of heavily infected individuals. In addition, a subset of 222 individuals were systematically genotyped and analysed by histology to screen for possible nontransmissible cancers. We detected MtrBTN2 at low prevalence in M. edulis, and also in M. galloprovincialis and hybrids although at a much lower prevalence. No MtrBTN1 or new BTN were found, but eight individuals with nontransmissible neoplasia were observed at a single polluted site on the same sampling date. We observed a diversity of MtrBTN2 genotypes that appeared more introgressed or more ancestral than MtrBTN1 and reference healthy M. trossulus individuals. The observed polymorphism is probably due to somatic null alleles caused by structural variations or point mutations in primer-binding sites leading to enhanced detection of the host alleles. Despite low prevalence, two sublineages divergent by 10% fixed somatic null alleles and one nonsynonymous mtCOI (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I) substitution are cospreading in the same geographical area, suggesting a complex diversification of MtrBTN2 since its emergence and host species shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurine Hammel
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier,
France,IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ Perpignan,
Via Domitia, France
| | - Alexis Simon
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier,
France
| | | | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas,
Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain,Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de
Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and
Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque
Country, Spain
| | - Erika AV Burioli
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ Perpignan,
Via Domitia, France,LABÉO, Caen, France
| | - Jean-François Pépin
- Laboratoire Environnement ressources des Pertuis
Charentais, IFREMER, La Tremblade, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Lamy
- Santé, Génétique, Microbiologie des
Mollusques, IFREMER, La Tremblade, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Welch
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge,
Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier,
France
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7
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Charles M, Villalba A, Meyer G, Trancart S, Lagy C, Bernard I, Houssin M. First detection of Francisella halioticida in mussels Mytilus spp. experiencing mortalities in France. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:203-208. [PMID: 32815528 DOI: 10.3354/dao03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This note describes the first detection of the bacteria Francisella halioticida in mussels Mytilus spp. from locations in Normandy and northern Brittany (France) experiencing high mussel mortalities, while it was not detected in the Bay of St Brieuc (northern Brittany), an area which was not affected by abnormal mussel mortality. The distribution of the bacteria in mussels seems to be restricted to inflammatory granulomas as observed in Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis from Canada and Japan. F. halioticida has been identified as being involved in mass (>80%) mortality of abalones Haliotis gigantea in Japan and high (up to 40%) mortality of Yesso scallops Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Canada as well as in lesions reducing marketability of Yesso scallops in Japan. The impact of this bacterium on the health of mussels needs to be investigated in future research, especially since the cause of high mussel mortalities that have been occurring in France for the past few years is still undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Charles
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, FRE BOREA, CNRS-2030, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex 4, France
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8
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Addis P, Angioni A, Pasquini V, Giglioli A, Andreotti V, Carboni S, Secci M. Flash flood simulation and valve behavior of Mytilus galloprovincialis measured with Hall sensors. Integr Zool 2020; 16:138-148. [PMID: 32644287 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mussels close their shell as a protective strategy and the quantification of this behavioral marker may represent an alarm signal when they are exposed to environmental stressors. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to recover and then the resilience or inertia of valve activity after a pulsing exposition to diverse levels of salinity (5, 10, 20, and 35 PSU as reference value). The trial simulated an event of drastic and sudden reduction of seawater salinity thus mimicking an event of flash flood from intense rain. Valve gaping and movements were measured in continuous cycle for 10 days using a customized magneto-electric device which uses Hall sensors. Results showed that under normal conditions of salinity (35 PSU), the general pattern of valve movements was a continuously open state with sporadic spikes indicating a closing motion. At salinity of 5, PSU mussels reacted by closing their valves, leading to a 77% mortality on the 4th day. At salinity of 10, PSU animals were observed with closed valves for the entire duration of the exposure and no mortality occurred, they showed a significant reduction in the valve activity once the reference value of salinity was re-established. In contrast, salinity of 20 PSU did not trigger a significant behavioral response. Interestingly, there no define rhythms of valve movements were recorded during salinity challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Addis
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Angioni
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Viviana Pasquini
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelica Giglioli
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Andreotti
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco Secci
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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9
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Charles M, Bernard I, Villalba A, Oden E, Burioli EA, Allain G, Trancart S, Bouchart V, Houssin M. High mortality of mussels in northern Brittany – Evaluation of the involvement of pathogens, pathological conditions and pollutants. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 170:107308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Yonemitsu MA, Giersch RM, Polo-Prieto M, Hammel M, Simon A, Cremonte F, Avilés FT, Merino-Véliz N, Burioli EAV, Muttray AF, Sherry J, Reinisch C, Baldwin SA, Goff SP, Houssin M, Arriagada G, Vázquez N, Bierne N, Metzger MJ. A single clonal lineage of transmissible cancer identified in two marine mussel species in South America and Europe. eLife 2019; 8:e47788. [PMID: 31686650 PMCID: PMC6831032 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible cancers, in which cancer cells themselves act as an infectious agent, have been identified in Tasmanian devils, dogs, and four bivalves. We investigated a disseminated neoplasia affecting geographically distant populations of two species of mussels (Mytilus chilensis in South America and M. edulis in Europe). Sequencing alleles from four loci (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) provided evidence of transmissible cancer in both species. Phylogenetic analysis of cancer-associated alleles and analysis of diagnostic SNPs showed that cancers in both species likely arose in a third species of mussel (M. trossulus), but these cancer cells are independent from the previously identified transmissible cancer in M. trossulus from Canada. Unexpectedly, cancers from M. chilensis and M. edulis are nearly identical, showing that the same cancer lineage affects both. Thus, a single transmissible cancer lineage has crossed into two new host species and has been transferred across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and between the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maurine Hammel
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS- EPHE-IRDMontpellierFrance
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS-Ifremer-UPVDMontpellierFrance
| | - Alexis Simon
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS- EPHE-IRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Florencia Cremonte
- Laboratorio de Parasitología (LAPA)Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET - CENPAT)Puerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Fernando T Avilés
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Nicolás Merino-Véliz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
| | | | | | - James Sherry
- Water Science & Technology DirectorateEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonCanada
| | - Carol Reinisch
- Water Science & Technology DirectorateEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonCanada
| | - Susan A Baldwin
- Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Stephen P Goff
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Maryline Houssin
- Research and DevelopmentLABÉO Frank DuncombeSaint-ContestFrance
- FRE BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, Université de Caen NormandieCaenFrance
| | - Gloria Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Nuria Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología (LAPA)Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET - CENPAT)Puerto MadrynArgentina
| | - Nicolas Bierne
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS- EPHE-IRDMontpellierFrance
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11
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Van Nguyen T, Alfaro AC. Applications of flow cytometry in molluscan immunology: Current status and trends. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:239-248. [PMID: 31491532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is routinely used in fundamental and applied research, clinical practice, and clinical trials. In the last three decades, this technique has also become a routine tool used in immunological studies of molluscs to analyse physical and chemical characteristics of haemocytes. Here, we briefly review the current implementation of FCM in the field of molluscan immunology. These applications cover a diverse range of practices from straightforward total cell counts and cell viability to characterize cell subpopulations, and further extend to analyses of DNA content, phagocytosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The challenges and prospects of FCM applications in immunological studies of molluscs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
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12
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Burioli EAV, Trancart S, Simon A, Bernard I, Charles M, Oden E, Bierne N, Houssin M. Implementation of various approaches to study the prevalence, incidence and progression of disseminated neoplasia in mussel stocks. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 168:107271. [PMID: 31629707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine mussel production is of substantial economic interest in numerous coastal areas worldwide, making crucial the study of pathologies that affect them. Disseminated neoplasia (DN) has recently been suggested to be linked to blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, mortality outbreaks observed in France since 2014, although the evidence remains indirect. In order to improve DN detection and monitoring, we compared the sensitivity of four diagnostic tools, namely haemocytology, histology, flow cytometry, and genetics. Haemocytological examination gave the best results in sensitivity and had the advantage of being non-invasive, allowing disease progression to be followed in affected mussels. Using this approach, we showed that DN progression is usually slow, and we provide evidence of remission events. We observed a high diversity of forms and mitotic features of neoplastic cells located in the vesicular connective tissue but rarely in the haemolymph. Circulating cells occur as four main types but are homogenous in morphology and DNA content within a single individual. Polyploidy proved very high, from 8 N to 18 N. Genetic analysis of haemolymph DNA showed that a Mytilus trossulus genetic signal was associated with almost all the DN cases here diagnosed by haemocytological examination, regardless of the DN type. This result corroborates DN is a transmissible cancer that first originated in a M. trossulus host and subsequently crossed into M. edulis. No pre-neoplastic conditions were detectable. The prevalence of the disease was quite low, which, together with the low morbidity observed in the lab, suggest DN is unlikely to be the direct cause of mortality outbreaks in France.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Trancart
- LABÉO, 1 Route de Rosel, 14280 St Contest, France
| | - A Simon
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS-EPHE-IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - I Bernard
- Eurêka Modélisation, 13 rue de Kermarquer, Lézardrieux, France
| | - M Charles
- LABÉO, 1 Route de Rosel, 14280 St Contest, France; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
| | - E Oden
- LABÉO, 1 Route de Rosel, 14280 St Contest, France
| | - N Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS-EPHE-IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - M Houssin
- LABÉO, 1 Route de Rosel, 14280 St Contest, France; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
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13
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Genomic abnormalities affecting mussels (Mytilus edulis-galloprovincialis) in France are related to ongoing neoplastic processes, evidenced by dual flow cytometry and cell monolayer analyses. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 157:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Riquet F, Simon A, Bierne N. Weird genotypes? Don't discard them, transmissible cancer could be an explanation. Evol Appl 2016; 10:140-145. [PMID: 28127390 PMCID: PMC5253422 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic chimerism is rarely considered in the analysis of population genetics data, because assumed to be an exceptionally rare, mostly benign, developmental accident. An unappreciated source of chimerism is transmissible cancer, when malignant cells have become independent parasites and can infect other individuals. Parasitic cancers were thought to be rare exceptions, only reported in dogs (Murgia et al., Cell, 2006, 126, 477; Rebbeck et al., Evolution, 2009, 63, 2340), Tasmanian devils (Pearse and Swift, Nature, 2006, 439, 549; Pye et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 113, 374), and soft-shell clams (Metzger et al., Cell, 2015, 161, 255). However, the recent simultaneous report of four new contagious leukemias in marine mollusks (Metzger et al., Nature, 2016, 534, 705) might change the rules. By doubling up the number of naturally occurring transmissible cancers, this discovery suggests they may essentially be missed because not sufficiently searched for, especially outside mammals. We encourage population geneticists to keep in mind infectious cancer when interpreting weird genotypes in their molecular data. It would then contribute in the investigation of how widespread contagious cancer could really be in the wild. We provide an example with our own data in Mytilus mussels, a commercially important shellfish. We identified genetic chimerism in a few mussels that suggests the possible occurrence at low prevalence in European M. edulis populations of a M. trossulus contagious cancer related to the one described by Metzger et al. (Nature, 2016, 534, 705) in populations of British Columbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentine Riquet
- Université de Montpellier Sète France; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution CNRS-UM-IRD Montpellier France
| | - Alexis Simon
- Université de Montpellier Sète France; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution CNRS-UM-IRD Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Bierne
- Université de Montpellier Sète France; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution CNRS-UM-IRD Montpellier France
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