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Busuulwa A, Riley SS, Revynthi AM, Liburd OE, Lahiri S. Residual effect of commonly used insecticides on key predatory mites released for biocontrol in strawberry. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae220. [PMID: 39418124 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Florida is the second largest producer of strawberries in the United States. However, the production system faces numerous challenges, especially Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infestations. Management of this pest involves applying insecticides and use of predatory mites, particularly Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans, and Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae). Strawberry growers in Florida are concerned about the compatibility of the commercial formulations of insecticides used in strawberry pest management with predatory mites. This study assessed the residual effect of commercial insecticides used in strawberry production on the survival, feeding, and oviposition of the 3 predators. Using Munger cells, predators were exposed to commercial formulations of spinetoram, cyantraniliprole, azadirachtin + pyrethrin, Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps javanica, capsicum, garlic, and canola oil extracts, and water control. There was a gradual decline in the survival and feeding of predatory mites when exposed to all insecticides. Spinetoram had the highest impact on the survival and feeding of all predators compared to other insecticides, while C. javanica had the lowest impact. Cyantraniliprole and azadirachtin + pyrethrin significantly reduced predator survival after 72 h of exposure, whereas capsicum, garlic, and canola oil extracts caused a similar reduction after 96 h. All predators consumed low proportions of S. dorsalis across all treatments. Oviposition was low in all treatments, with no discernable variation among treatments. These results highlight the potential of using entomopathogenic fungi in conjunction with A. swirskii, N. cucumeris, and N. californicus for the management of S. dorsalis and T. urticae in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Busuulwa
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
| | - Simon S Riley
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra M Revynthi
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA
| | - Oscar E Liburd
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sriyanka Lahiri
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA
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Kheradmand K, Heidari M, Sedaratian-Jahromi A, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Havasi M. How does Neoseiulus californicus McGregor respond to sublethal doses of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hyp.: Cordycipitaceae)? BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39328185 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Prostigmata), is one of the most economically important mite species, mainly controlled by chemical acaricides. Natural enemies have been assessed as reliable alternatives for management of this phytophagous mite. In the current project, demographic characteristics of Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to sublethal concentrations (LC10 = 6.76 × 102, LC20 = 8.74 × 103 and LC30 = 55.38 × 103 conidia ml-1) of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. TV strain were investigated under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Our results indicated that when adult predators were exposed to LC20 and LC30 of B. bassiana, the oviposition period was significantly reduced compared with other treatments. Neoseiulus californicus fecundity was significantly greater in the control (37 eggs) than in LC30 (24 eggs). Life table analysis revealed that the net reproductive rate (R0) declined as the sublethal concentrations of B. bassiana increased. The most striking result to emerge from the data is that not only intrinsic (r); but also, finite rate of increase (λ) was not significantly affected by different concentrations of B. bassiana. Our findings revealed some potential interactions of B. bassiana and N. californicus during their combinations for managing T. urticae that may be helpful for optimising control of this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Kheradmand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Heidari
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Havasi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Hernández-Valencia V, Santillán-Galicia MT, Guzmán-Franco AW, Rodríguez-Leyva E, Santillán-Ortega C. Combined application of entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites for biological control of Tetranychus urticae on chrysanthemum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4199-4206. [PMID: 38597427 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on efficacy of fungal pathogens and predatory mites against Tetranychus urticae have been done on individual species in the laboratory. We evaluated fungi and predatory mites separately and together against glasshouse populations of T. urticae on chrysanthemum plants. First, effectiveness of the fungal pathogens Beauveria bassiana (Bb88) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma129) was compared; then, effectiveness of the predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus. Based on the results, N. californicus and isolate Ma129 were selected and evaluated in combination. In all experiments, treatment effects were assessed for eggs and motile stages of T. urticae. RESULTS The first experiment showed no significant effect of either fungal isolate on T. urticae populations, except on plants initially infested with 20 mites, where more eggs were found in the control compared to the fungal treatments. In the second experiment, both predatory mites were equally effective at reducing T. urticae populations compared with the control, regardless of initial T. urticae population density. The last experiment demonstrated that populations of T. urticae were reduced most when M. anisopliae (Ma129) and N. californicus were applied together, compared with the control and when each natural enemy was applied separately. CONCLUSIONS Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma129) and B. bassiana (Bb88) isolates did not have a significant effect on reducing T. urticae populations. Both predatory mites reduced T. urticae populations, regardless of T. urticae density. Combined application of M. anisopliae (Ma129) and N. californicus were more effective against T. urticae than the control or when each agent was applied separately. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Hernández-Valencia
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Ma Teresa Santillán-Galicia
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Ariel W Guzmán-Franco
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Esteban Rodríguez-Leyva
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Abou Jawdah Y, Ezzeddine N, Fardoun A, Kharroubi S, Sobh H, Atamian HS, Skinner M, Parker B. Biological Control of Three Major Cucumber and Pepper Pests: Whiteflies, Thrips, and Spider Mites, in High Plastic Tunnels Using Two Local Phytoseiid Mites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:889. [PMID: 38592899 PMCID: PMC10976136 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To enhance food security, food safety, and environmental health, a bio-based integrated pest management (BIPM) strategy was evaluated at two coastal locations in Lebanon as an alternative to toxic pesticide sprays in commercial high-arched plastic tunnels common in many countries. The evaluation occurred during two cucumber and pepper cropping seasons: spring and fall. At each site, two commercial tunnels were used; farmers' conventional practices were applied in one tunnel, while the BIPM approach was followed in the second tunnel. In the farmers' practices, a total of 14 sprays of insecticide/acaricide mixtures were applied during the spring growing season, and 6 sprays were applied during the fall. In the BIPM tunnels, hotspot releases of local strains of Amblyseius swirskii and Phytoseiulus persimilis were applied. By the end of the spring season, the number of whitefly nymphs (WFNs)/leaf and thrips/leaf in the pesticide treatment were 4.8 and 0.06, respectively, compared to 0.1 and 0.33, respectively, in the BIPM treatment. Similarly, at the end of the fall season, the WFNs reached 19.7/leaf in the pesticide control as compared to 1.2/leaf in the BIPM treatment, proving the efficacy of A. swirskii. Farmers using conventional acaricides during both cropping seasons failed to control Tetranychus urticae, the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM). However, hotspot releases of P. persimilis were successful in controlling TSSM. By the end of June, the number of TSSMs reached 7.8/leaf in the BIPM treatment compared to 53/leaf in the pesticide treatment. Likewise, in December, TSSM numbers reached 9/leaf in the BIPM treatment compared to 40/leaf in the pesticide treatment. Preliminary observations of pepper showed that both predatory mites (A. swirskii and P. persimilis) gave similar or better efficacy against the three pests. The two local predatory phytoseiid mites seem to be effective in controlling these three major pests and to be adapted to local environmental conditions. A rate of increase of 0.86 was observed for P. persimilis and 0.22 for A. swirskii, in June, when maximum temperatures were close to 40 °C. This also shows a compatibility between the two predators. In conclusion, our BIPM approach was efficient under a Mediterranean climate in arched plastic tunnels with relatively poor aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Abou Jawdah
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.E.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Nour Ezzeddine
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.E.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Aya Fardoun
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.E.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Hana Sobh
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon; (N.E.); (A.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Hagop S. Atamian
- Biological Sciences Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA;
| | - Margaret Skinner
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (M.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bruce Parker
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (M.S.); (B.P.)
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Liu JF, Zhang ZQ, Beggs JR, Wei XY. Influence of pathogenic fungi on the life history and predation rate of mites attacking a psyllid pest. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109585. [PMID: 31509930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The two biological control agents, predatory mite Amblydromalus limonicus Garman & McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), have the potential to independently suppress the invasive tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), in New Zealand. The integrated strategy of combining the release of predatory mites and EPF may further promote biocontrol of pests. To examine the compatibility of A. limonicus and B. bassiana, we tested the lethal effects of B. bassiana on A. limonicus females on B. cockerelli and calculated the sublethal concentrations of B. bassiana. The effects of sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30) of EPF on predatory mite females were assessed on the reproduction parameters of the parental generation (F0). We also evaluated the transgenerational effects of EPF on life table parameters and predation rates of the offspring generation (F1) that was fed on the psyllids. Our results showed that A. limonicus females were susceptible to B. bassiana and the LC50 was 2.2 × 105 conidia mL-1. Sublethal concentrations of EPF (LC30) significantly reduced the fecundity, longevity, oviposition period and predation rates of F0 predatory mite females. However, life table and predation rates of F1 predatory mites were not influenced by sublethal concentrations (LC30), except for the reduction of the preadult and total pre-oviposition period, and the predation rate of F1 males. Also, F1 population parameters including the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproduction rate (GRR), and net reproduction rate (R0) were not significantly influenced by sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30). This result suggests that the transgenerational effects of entomopathogenic fungi cannot be carried over to F1. In conclusion, the simultaneous application of both biological control agents does have the potential to control TPP at appropriate intervals during the crop season. Further evaluation in the field will be needed to confirm the viability of this approach to control TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jacqueline R Beggs
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiao-Ying Wei
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Spores of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma lignorum as a bioinsecticide for the control of Atta cephalotes. Biol Res 2019; 52:51. [PMID: 31530279 PMCID: PMC6749709 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The leafcutter ant (Atta cephalotes) is associated with losses in the agricultural sector, due to its defoliating activity; for its control, biological, mechanical and chemical methods have been developed, the latter associated with adverse effects on human and environmental health. This research validated in the field for the control of the leafcutter ant (A. cephalotes) using a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma lignorum spores. Methods The effectiveness from the combination of spores of B. bassiana and T. lignorum with an initial concentration of 2 × 109 spores/ml, in the following proportions of B. bassiana and T. lignorum, A (1:1), of each fungus. It was evaluated within the university campus, comparing it with two commercial formulations, Mycotrol (B. bassiana) and Mycobac (T. lignorum). Additionally, this formulation was evaluated in 49 nests distributed 16 in 14 locations in Colombia. The formulation application was carried out by direct application, using a pump at a speed of 10 ml/m2. The effectiveness was estimated from the reduction of the flow of ants, evaluating the statistically significant differences using the ANOVA and Tukey-test. Results Effective control of 90% of the nests was observed in the field phase in 60 days, except in nests with areas > 50 m2 that were located in regions with high rainfall (annual average precipitation above 7000 mm), such as Buenaventura. Conclusions In this work, it was demonstrated that the combination of B. bassiana and T. lignorum spores represent a viable alternative for the control of the leafcutter ant, in which the effectiveness is related to several factors, including the size of the nest and the rainfall in the area.
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Zhang XN, Guo JJ, Zou X, Jin DC. Pathogenic differences of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cateniannulata to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) and its predator Euseius nicholsi (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 75:69-84. [PMID: 29611070 PMCID: PMC5895693 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Isaria cateniannulata and Euseius nicholsi are two important biological control agents currently being used in many areas of China to control a variety of pests. In order to determine the possibility of a concomitant application with the two agents in a biocontrol program involving the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, we quantified the pathogenicity of a strain of I. cateniannulata (08XS-1) against females of both T. urticae and E. nicholsi. We observed the infection process using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to distinguish differences in fungal performance. The female mites were infected by I. cateniannulata at 2 × 107 conidia/ml. The mortality of T. urticae was 100% when treated with submerged conidia and 92% when treated with aerial conidia (spray), and that of E. nicholsi was 4.2 and 6.7%, correspondingly. Following infection with aerial or submerged conidia, mated E. nicholsi females displayed no significant differences between treatments and control, indicating the fungus had no obvious effect on their vitality and fertility. This demonstrates that I. cateniannulata is safe to E. nicholsi when used to control T. urticae. The two types of propagules of I. cateniannulata are readily produced by common culture, and the submerged conidia, because of their substantially higher mortality, are preferable to the aerial conidia. Our results indicate that I. cateniannulata and E. nicholsi are viable candidates to be concomitantly applied in the biocontrol programs of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550005 Guizhou, China
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550005 Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550005 Guizhou, China.
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Wu S, Xing Z, Sun W, Xu X, Meng R, Lei Z. Effects of Beauveria bassiana on predation and behavior of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:51-56. [PMID: 29453965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Determination of intraguild interactions between entomopathogens and predators is important when attempting to use a combination of these two natural enemy groups for biological control of their shared arthropod pest species. This study assessed the effects of Beauveria bassiana on the predation and associated behavior of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, against Tetranychus urticae. The functional response tests showed that P. persimilis exhibited a Holling type II response on the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, when treated with either a B. bassiana or Tween-80 suspension. There were no significant differences between the treatments in the number of T. urticae consumed. The laboratory choice test indicated that P. persimilis displayed a significant avoidance response to B. bassiana on bean leaves immediately following spray application. They also spent significantly longer time in self-grooming behavior on leaf disks sprayed with fungal conidia than on discs treated with Tween-80. There were no significant differences in the predation rates on T. urticae eggs between the different treatments. The potted plant investigations indicated that P. persimilis showed significant aversion behavior to the initial fungal spray, but gradually dispersed over the entire bean plants. Observations using scanning electron microscopy revealed that fungal conidia were attached to the body of P. persimilis after mounting the leaf disk treated with B. bassiana, which would account for its varied behavioral responses. Our study suggests that fungal spray did not affect the predation capability of P. persimilis and poses a negligible risk to their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhenlong Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Weinan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, PR China
| | - Xuenong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ruixia Meng
- College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010019, PR China
| | - Zhongren Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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