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Beltrí R, Monteiro HR, Toubarro D, Simões N, Garriga A. Biocontrol potential of six Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains isolated in the Azores Archipelago. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e43. [PMID: 38800903 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are closely associated with Popillia japonica and potentially used as their biological control agents, although field results proved inconsistent and evoked a continual pursuit of native EPNs more adapted to the environment. Therefore, we surveyed the Azorean Archipelago to isolate new strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and to evaluate their virulence against the model organism Galleria mellonella under laboratory conditions. Six strains were obtained from pasture and coastal environments and both nematode and symbiont bacteria were molecularly identified. The bioassays revealed that Az172, Az186, and Az171 presented high virulence across the determination of a lethal dose (LD50) and short exposure time experiments with a comparable performance to Az29. After 72 hours, these virulent strains presented a mean determination of a lethal dose of 11 infective juveniles cm-2, a lethal time (LT50) of 34 hours, and achieved 40% mortality after an initial exposure time of only 60 minutes. Az170 exhibited an intermediate performance, whereas Az179 and Az180 were classified as low virulent strains. However, both strains presented the highest reproductive potential with means of 1700 infective juveniles/mg of larvae. The bioassays of the native EPNs obtained revealed that these strains hold the potential to be used in biological control initiatives targeting P. japonica because of their high virulence and locally adapted to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beltrí
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - H R Monteiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - D Toubarro
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - N Simões
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A Garriga
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Tunholi VM, do Carmo Sperandio N, Tunholi-Alves VM, Altoé LSC, do Couto-Chambarelli MCM, Amaral LS, de Oliveira Monteiro CM, Martins IVF. Alterations in the metabolism of Pseudosuccinea columella (Mollusca: Gastropoda) caused by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 256:111599. [PMID: 38000496 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The gastropod Pseudosuccinea columella participates in the dissemination of Fasciola hepatica in the environment, acting as the main intermediate host of this parasite in Brazil. The present study sought to elucidate the possible pathogenic effects of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on P. columella, by evaluating the influence of infection on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as the concentrations of total protein, uric acid, and urea in the snail's hemolymph. For this, the snails were exposed to EPNs for 24 and 48 h, and for each exposure time, 20 snails were dissected after 7, 14 and 21 days for hemolymph collection. The primary findings suggest a significant proteolysis alongside elevated levels of uric acid and urea in P. columella infected individuals. These findings reveal that H. bacteriophora HP88 infection induced serious changes in the snail's metabolism, triggering important deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Tunholi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Natânia do Carmo Sperandio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, ES, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Menezes Tunholi-Alves
- Universidade Estácio de Sá. Bolsista do Programa Pesquisa e Produtividade da (UNESA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorena Souza Castro Altoé
- Grupo de Biologia Computacional e de Sistemas, Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Carvalho Machado do Couto-Chambarelli
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal (DPA), Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ludimila Santos Amaral
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, ES, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio Márcio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabella Vilhena Freire Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Alegre, ES, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
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Li G, Liu P, Zhao J, Su L, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Zhao Y, Yang X. Correlation of microbiomes in "plant-insect-soil" ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1088532. [PMID: 36793880 PMCID: PMC9922863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1088532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traditional chemical control methods pose a damaging effect on farmland ecology, and their long-term use has led to the development of pest resistance. Methods Here, we analyzed the correlations and differences in the microbiome present in the plant and soil of sugarcane cultivars exhibiting different insect resistance to investigate the role played by microbiome in crop insect resistance. We evaluated the microbiome of stems, topsoil, rhizosphere soil, and striped borers obtained from infested stems, as well as soil chemical parameters. Results and Discussion Results showed that microbiome diversity was higher in stems of insect-resistant plants, and contrast, lower in the soil of resistant plants, with fungi being more pronounced than bacteria. The microbiome in plant stems was almost entirely derived from the soil. The microbiome of insect-susceptible plants and surrounding soil tended to change towards that of insect-resistant plants after insect damage. Insects' microbiome was mainly derived from plant stems and partly from the soil. Available potassium showed an extremely significant correlation with soil microbiome. This study validated the role played by the microbiome ecology of plant-soil-insect system in insect resistance and provided a pre-theoretical basis for crop resistance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liangyinan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Yang Zhao,
| | - Xiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Xiping Yang,
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Santos Amaral L, Tunholi-Alves VM, Castro LS, Tunholi VM, Gaudêncio F, Monteiro CDO, Couto-Chambarelli MCMD, Pinheiro J, Freire-Martins IV. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), isolate HP88, induces reproductive and physiological alterations in Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda: Planorbidae): an alternative for biological control of schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106396. [PMID: 35283103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) that is mutually associated with Photorhabdus luminescens, utilized globally for biological control of numerous organisms. Freshwater snails of the species Biomphalaria glabrata have been incriminated as the main intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil, but virtually nothing is known about the susceptibility of these gastropod to EPNs. Information in this respect is relevant for control of these intermediate hosts, and thus of the helminthiases they transmit. This paper for the first time reports the susceptibility of B. glabrata to infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora (isolate HP88) under laboratory conditions. For that purpose, six groups were formed: three Control groups (not exposed) and three Treated groups, in which the snails were exposed to 300 juveniles infecting the nematode over three weeks. The entire experiment was conducted in triplicate, using a total of 270 snails. Significant physiological alterations in B. glabrata were observed in response to the infection by H. bacteriophora HP88, characterized by decreased levels of hemolymphatic glucose as well as reduced contents of glycogen stored in the host's digestive gland. In parallel, the hemolymphatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased in the infected snails, indicating that the infection induces breakdown of carbohydrate homeostasis in B. glabrata. Additionally, all the reproductive parameters analyzed were reduced as a consequence of the infection. The results indicate the occurrence of the phenomenon of parasitic castration in the B. glabrata/H. bacteriophora HP88 interface, probably due to the depletion of galactogen in the parasitized organism. Although the infection did not cause lethality in the population of infected snails, H. bacteriophora HP88 compromised the reproductive performance of B. glabrata, suggesting its applicability in programs for biological control of this planorbid.
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Monteiro GG, Paulo HH, Nascimento DD, Pelegrini G, Lacerda LM, Chacon-Orozco J, Leite LG, Polanczyk RA. Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria, under laboratory conditions, aiming controlling Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on sugarcane. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e253780. [PMID: 35137847 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane crops Saccharum spp. (Poales: Poaceae) produces different derivatives to the world: sugar, ethanol and bioenergy. Despite the application of pesticides, insect pests still cause economic losses, among these the pink sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) causing direct and indirect damage to the plant. This study assess the virulence of three entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species and their symbiont bacteria against the pink sugarcane mealybug, under laboratory conditions. Fourteen treatments represented by control (distilled water), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (HB EN01) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema rarum (Doucet, 1986) (PAM25) and Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955 (All) (Rhabditida: Steinermatidae) at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect, and the standard chemical product, thiamethoxam, were assayed. In a second experiment, the bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens (Thomas and Poinar, 1979), Xenorhabdus szentirmaii Lengyel, 2005 and Xenorhabdus nematophila (Poinar and Thomas, 1965) (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) at 3.0 x 109 cells/ml were assessed for each treatment. Ten replications were stablished, each one counting ten females/mealybugs inside a 10 cm Petri dish, amounting 100 individuals/treatment. All treatments were kept under stable conditions (25±1 ºC, H 70±10%, in the dark). All nematodes species infected S. sacchari. Steinerma rarum (PAM25) provided the highest mortality against the pink sugarcane mealybug (79.25%), followed by H. bacteriophora (HB EN01) (58.25%) and S. carpocapsae (All) (42.50%) (P<0.001). The mortality rate caused by X. szentirmaii, P. luminescens and X. nematophila were 40, 45 and 20%, respectively. Steinerma rarum (PAM25) has conditions to be a potential agent to be incorporate into the integrated pest management in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Monteiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - H H Paulo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - D D Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - G Pelegrini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - L M Lacerda
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | | | - L G Leite
- Instituto Biológico, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - R A Polanczyk
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Horta AB, Damascena AP, Carvalho VRDE, Ribeiro MF, Castro BMC, Wilcken CF, Zanuncio JC, Wilcken SRS. Steinernema diaprepesi Nguyen & Duncan (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190943. [PMID: 34586311 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) can control pests due to their mutual association with bacteria. The use of these biological control agents is increasing worldwide due to advances in research about its control efficiency, range of action and mass production. The identification of EPNs adapted to specific environmental and climatic conditions is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management (IPM) programs. The objective is to report, for the first time, the occurrence of the Steinernema diaprepesi in Brazil. Steel mesh traps with Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were buried in red latosol cultivated with Eucalyptus. Infective juveniles (IJs) were isolated from dead larvae and multiplied in healthy ones of this host to confirm its pathogenicity and to start a laboratory population from the strain found in the field. The DNA of the IJs was extracted and amplified using PCR technique with the universal primers D2A and D3B. The detection of S. diaprepesi is the first report of this nematode in Brazil, increasing the knowledge about its distribution in the world and the diversity of EPNs that must be considered as agents of biological pest control in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Horta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alixelhe P Damascena
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R DE Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo F Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M C Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Avenida P.H. Holfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos F Wilcken
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Avenida P.H. Holfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia R S Wilcken
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts. Integrating approaches based on evolutionary biology, population genetics and ecology can quantify the contribution of nematode fauna to fundamental soil functions. These include carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, pest control and disease transmission. In conclusion, different facets of nematode diversity such as trophic groups, life history traits, variability in body size and/or taxa identities in combination with DNA-based techniques are needed in order to disclose nematode–soil–ecosystem functioning relationships. Further experimental studies are required to define locally adapted and sustainable management practices, through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions.
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Liu WT, Chen TL, Hou RF, Chen CC, Tu WC. The Invasion and Encapsulation of the Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema abbasi, in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae. INSECTS 2020; 11:E832. [PMID: 33255905 PMCID: PMC7760258 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is of crucial concern to the public and veterinary health because of its vector role in transmission of several mosquito-borne diseases. Over the past decades, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used to control important agricultural insect pests and are considered to be effective against mosquitoes as well. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mosquitocidal effects of Steinernema abbasi to Ae. albopictus and the encapsulation processes of invading nematodes in the mosquito host. In this study, we found that S. abbasi was pathogenic to 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Ae. albopictus by entering the hemocoel of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae mainly through mouth and gastric caecum or by penetrating pupae through the intersegmental membrane or trumpet. The mosquito larvae infected with a single nematode caused a high mortality. Although EPNs in the hemocoel of mosquitoes were melanized and encapsulated, most Ae. albopictus larvae failed to survive after infection with S. abbasi. Overall, we demonstrated that S. abbasi is pathogenic to Ae. albopictus larvae, suggesting that this S. abbasi isolate has potential as a biocontrol agent for managing this vector mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Liu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (T.-L.C.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Tien-Lai Chen
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (T.-L.C.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Roger F. Hou
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (T.-L.C.); (R.F.H.)
| | - Cheng-Chen Chen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Wu-Chun Tu
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-T.L.); (T.-L.C.); (R.F.H.)
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Castruita-Esparza G, Bueno-Pallero FÁ, Blanco-Pérez R, Dionísio L, Aquino-Bolaños T, Campos-Herrera R. Activity of Steinernema colombiense in plant-based oils. J Nematol 2020; 52:1-12. [PMID: 32722903 PMCID: PMC8015295 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are excellent biological control agents. Although traditionally EPN application targeted belowground insects, their aboveground use can be supported if combined with adjuvants. We hypothesized that EPN infective juveniles (IJs) could be combined with plant-based oils as adjuvants, without decreasing their efficacy against insect larvae under various scenarios. Specifically, our objectives were to evaluate the activity of Steinernema colombiense (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) when mixed with two plant-based oils (coconut and olive oils) and maintained at different temperatures and times, or combined with entomopathogenic fungi. First, we evaluated how these oils affected IJ survival and virulence against last instar Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae when maintained at five different temperatures (4, 8, 14, 20, and 24°C) and five incubation times (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days), using water as control treatment. Second, we evaluated virulence when combined with these two oils as well as with water (control) and combined with the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). Infective juvenile survival was higher in coconut than olive oil and water mixtures up to 7 days at 4°C. Conversely, olive oil supported higher larval mortality than coconut oil at 4 to 20°C and 14 days. Similarly, the number of days needed to kill insect larvae increased at extreme temperatures (4 and 24°C) after 14 days. Finally, the EPN + EPF combination showed an additive effect compared to EPN and EPF single treatments. Our findings indicate that our plant-based oil mixtures maintain viable IJs at moderate temperatures and up to 7 to 14 days, and can be used in single EPN mixtures or combined with EPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Castruita-Esparza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR-IPN-OAXACA) , Hornos 1003 Colonia Nochebuena , Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán , Oaxaca, CP 71230 , México
| | - Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero
- UDIT MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture , Environment and Development , Pólo , Universidade do Algarve , Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 , Faro , Portugal
| | - Rubén Blanco-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) , Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC , Universidad de La Rioja , Ctra Burgos Km 6 Salida 13 Lo-20 , 26007, Logroño , Spain
| | - Lídia Dionísio
- UDIT MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture , Environment and Development , Pólo , Universidade do Algarve , Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 , Faro , Portugal
| | - Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR-IPN-OAXACA) , Hornos 1003 Colonia Nochebuena , Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán , Oaxaca, CP 71230 , México
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) , Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC , Universidad de La Rioja , Ctra Burgos Km 6 Salida 13 Lo-20 , 26007, Logroño , Spain
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10
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Neira-Monsalve E, Wilches-Ramírez NC, Terán W, del Pilar Márquez M, Mosquera-Espinosa AT, Sáenz-Aponte A. Isolation, identification, and pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae and its bacterial symbiont in Cauca-Colombia. J Nematol 2020; 52:e2020-89. [PMID: 33829195 PMCID: PMC8015356 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, identification of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN’s) native species is of great importance for pest management programs. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify EPNs and their bacterial symbiont in the department of Cauca-Colombia and then evaluate the susceptibility of two Hass avocado (Persea americana) pests to the EPNs isolated. EPNs were isolated from soil samples by the insect baiting technique. Their bacterial symbiont was isolated from hemolymph of infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Both organisms were molecularly identified. Morphological, and biochemical characterization was done for the bacteria. Susceptibility of Epitrix cucumeris and Pandeleteius cinereus adults was evaluated by individually exposing adults to 50 infective juveniles. EPNs were allegedly detected at two sampled sites (natural forest and coffee cultivation) in 5.8% of the samples analyzed. However, only natural forest EPN’s could be isolated and multiplied. The isolate was identified as Steinernema carpocapsae BPS and its bacterial symbiont as Xenorhabus nematophila BPS. Adults of both pests were susceptible to S. carpocapsae indicating this EPN potential for its management. The results of this study constitute the first record of S. carpocapsae in Colombia and the susceptibility of P. cinereus to this EPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Neira-Monsalve
- Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá , Colombia
| | | | - Wilson Terán
- Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - María del Pilar Márquez
- Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá , Colombia
| | | | - Adriana Sáenz-Aponte
- Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá , Colombia
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11
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Fuenmayor Y, Portillo E, Bastidas B, Guerra M, San-Blas E. Infection parameters of Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) in different stages of Hibiscus pink mealybug. J Nematol 2020; 52:1-7. [PMID: 32692021 PMCID: PMC8015310 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive pest of an enormous variety of crops and has become a concern in many parts of the world. Early attempts to control M. hirsutus with chemical insecticides and cultural methods have failed due to the cryptic habit of the insect. We assessed the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis amazonensis as a biological agent against different insect stages. Comparing different concentrations of the nematode, insect females were very susceptible, with more than 90% of the insects killed. In second and third nymphal stages mortality rates varied from 20 to 60% depending on the nematode concentration. The first nymphal stage as much less susceptible to nematodes due to their small size. The number of nematodes capable of invading the insect host did not vary between the different concentrations. However, the LC50 for females (35.2 IJ/insect), second and third nymphal stages (83.9 IJ/insect) demonstrated that H. amazonensis should be considered as a potential biocontrol agent of the pink hibiscus mealybug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Fuenmayor
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Edgar Portillo
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Brynelly Bastidas
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mayamarú Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar , Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ernesto San-Blas
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Km 11 Carretera Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela ; Independent Researcher, Gran Avenida 6001, Santiago, Chile
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