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Sun X, Song G, Hu Z, Zhang W, Luo N, Gao H. An electrochemical immunosensor based on hybrid self-assembled monolayers for rapid detection of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108080. [PMID: 38432354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is highly contagious and poses a serious threat to sericulture production. Because there are currently no effective treatments for BmNPV, a rapid and simple detection method is urgently needed. This paper describes an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of BmNPV. The immunosensor was fabricated by covalently immobilizing anti-BmNPV, a biorecognition element, onto the surface of the working gold electrode via 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)/β-mercaptoethanol (ME) hybrid self-assembled monolayers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the electrochemical performance and morphology of the immunosensor, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the developed immunosensor exhibited a linear response to BmNPV polyhedrin in the range of 1 × 102-1 × 108 fg/mL, with a low detection limit of 14.54 fg/mL. The immunosensor also exhibited remarkable repeatability, reproducibility, specificity, accuracy, and regeneration. Normal silkworm blood was mixed with BmNPV polyhedrin and analyzed quantitatively using this sensor, and the recovery was 92.31 %-100.61 %. Additionally, the sensor was used to analyze silkworm blood samples at different time points after BmNPV infection, and an obvious antigen signal was detected at 12 h post infection. Although this result agreed with that provided by the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, the electroanalysis method established in this study was simpler, shorter in detection period, and lower in material cost. Furthermore, this innovative electrochemical immunosensor, developed for the ultra-sensitive and rapid detection of BmNPV, can be used for the early detection of virus-infected silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Guizhen Song
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zengjuan Hu
- Qingdao Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ning Luo
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Huiju Gao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Gul I, Li J, Yu H, Dong M, Cui H. The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040895. [PMID: 37107653 PMCID: PMC10137924 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Numerous circRNAs are known to play important biological roles by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) or protein inhibitors ('sponges'), by regulating the function of proteins, or by being translated themselves. CircRNAs have distinct cellular functions due to structural and production differences from mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of characterizing circRNAs and their targets in a variety of insect species in order to fully understand how they contribute to the immune responses of these insects. Here, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis of circRNAs, regulation of their abundance, and biological roles, such as serving as templates for translation and in the regulation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating immune responses to various microbial pathogens. Furthermore, we describe the functions of circRNAs encoded by microbial pathogens that play in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Isma Gul
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mengyao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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Abstract
Many parasites manipulate host behaviour to enhance their transmission. Baculoviruses induce enhanced locomotory activity (ELA) combined with subsequent climbing behaviour in lepidopteran larvae, which facilitates viral dispersal. However, the mechanisms underlying host manipulation system are largely unknown. Previously, larval locomotion during ELA was summarized as the distance travelled for a few minutes at several time points, which are unlikely to characterize ELA precisely, as ELA typically persists for several hours. In this study, we modified a recently developed method using time-lapse recording to characterize locomotion of Bombyx mori larvae infected with B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) for 24 h at 3 s resolution. Our data showed that the locomotion of the mock-infected larvae was restricted to a small area, whereas the BmNPV-infected larvae exhibited a large locomotory area. These results indicate that BmNPV dysregulates the locomotory pattern of host larvae. Furthermore, both the mock- and BmNPV-infected larvae showed periodic cycles of movement and stationary behaviour with a similar frequency, suggesting the physiological mechanisms that induce locomotion are unaffected by BmNPV infection. In contrast, the BmNPV-infected larvae exhibited fast and long-lasting locomotion compared with mock-infected larvae, which indicates that locomotory speed and duration are manipulated by BmNPV.
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