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Luo SS, Chen XL, Wang AJ, Liu QY, Peng M, Yang CL, Yin CC, Zhu WL, Zeng DG, Zhang B, Zhao YZ, Wang HL. Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in Penaeus vannamei and identification of two ABC genes involved in immune defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129984. [PMID: 38342260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have crucial roles in various biological processes such as growth, development and immune defense in eukaryotes. However, the roles of ABC transporters in the immune system of crustaceans remain elusive. In this study, 38 ABC genes were systematically identified and characterized in Penaeus vannamei. Bioinformation analysis revealed that PvABC genes were categorized into ABC A-H eight subfamilies with 17 full-transporters, 11 half transporters and 10 soluble proteins, and multiple immunity-related cis-elements were found in gene promoter regions. Expression analysis showed that most PvABC genes were widely and highly expressed in immune-related tissues and responded to the stimulation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To investigate whether PvABC genes mediated innate immunity, PvABCC5, PvABCF1 and PvABCB4 were selected for dsRNA interference experiment. Knockdown of PvABCF1 and PvABCC5 not PvABCB4 increased the cumulative mortality of P. vannamei and bacterial loads in hepatopancreas after infection with V. parahaemolyticus. Further analysis showed that the PvABCF1 and PvABCC5 knockdown decreased expression levels of NF-κB pathway genes and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Collectively, these findings indicated that PvABCF1 and PvABCC5 might restrict V. parahaemolyticus challenge by positively regulating NF-κB pathway and then promoting the expression of AMPs, which would contribute to overall understand the function of ABC genes in innate immunity of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Luo
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Li Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China; China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Exploitation and Utilization of Aquactic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ai-Jin Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing-Yun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Min Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chun-Ling Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yin
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei-Lin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Di-Gang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China; China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Exploitation and Utilization of Aquactic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Huan-Ling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Duan Y, Nan Y, Yang Y, Xing Y. Toxic effects of three variants of microcystins on the intestinal histology, physiological and metabolic response of Litopenaeus vannamei. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106809. [PMID: 38183775 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are harmful substances to the health of cultured shrimp, and there are many variants of MCs. Intestinal is the immune and metabolic center of the shrimp, and is also the target organ for MCs toxicity. In this study, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile were separately exposed to 1 μg/L of three MCs variants (LR, YR, RR) for 72 h respectively, and the changes of intestinal morphology, physiological response and metabolic function were analyzed. The results showed the three MCs variants stress caused intestinal mucosal damage and disordered the homeostasis of antimicrobial genes (ALF and Lys) expression. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (Nrf2 and GPx) and apoptosis factors (CytC and Casp-3) were increased, but that of detoxification gene (CYP450) was decreased. Furthermore, the intestinal metabolic pattern was also influenced by stresses, among which MC-LR induced more differential metabolites than that of MC-YR and MC-RR. The function of purine metabolism was highly influenced by the stress of three MCs variants, followed by amino acid metabolism, but there were differences in the types of amino acids. The metabolites citric acid, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, spermine, UMP, and indole contributed to the metabolic pathway network. Nineteen stress-related metabolites were identified as candidates for subsequent screening of potential biomarkers. These results revealed the toxic effects of three MCs variants on the intestinal physiological and metabolic homeostasis of the shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, PR China.
| | - Yuxiu Nan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yukai Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, PR China
| | - Yifu Xing
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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3
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Cao X, Jiang G, Cheng J, Wan X, Meng Q, Shen H. A comparative transcriptome analysis of how shrimp endure and adapt to long-term symbiosis with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109088. [PMID: 37778737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a prevalent microsporidian pathogen responsible for hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in Litopenaeus vannamei. This infection not only leads to slowed growth in shrimp abut aslo inflicts substantial economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. However, the molecular mechanisms by which EHP influences the host during various infection stages remain unclear. This study employed comparative transcriptomics to examine the effects of EHP infection on Litopenaeus vannamei between early and late stage of infection groups. Utilizing transcriptomic approaches, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with notable biological significance through the COG, GO, KEGG, GSEA, and Mufzz time-series methodologies. The results reveal that EHP infection considerably influences host gene expression, with marked differences between early and late infection across distinct timeframes. Key processes such as detoxification, cell apoptosis, and lipid metabolism are pivotal during host-parasite interactions. Hexokinase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase emerge as key factors enabling invasion and sustained effects. Cytochrome P450 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase could facilitate infection progression. EHP significantly impacts growth, especially through ecdysteroids and 17β-estradiol dehydrogenase. By delineating stage-specific effects, we gain insights into interaction between EHP and Litopenaeus vannamei, showing how intracellular pathogens reprogram host defenses into mechanisms enabling long-term persistence. This study provides a deeper understanding of host-pathogen dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between detoxification, metabolism, immunity, apoptosis and growth regulation over the course of long-term symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Zhang
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Xiaowei Cao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China.
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Arumugam U, Sudarsanan GB, Karuppannan AK, Palaniappan S. Metagenomic Studies Reveal the Evidence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Other Probiotic Bacteria in the Gut of Healthy and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)-Infected Farmed Penaeus vannamei. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10165-4. [PMID: 37749431 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) is the most widely cultured shrimp globally. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite, infects P. vannamei and causes severe growth retardation, subsequent production, and economic losses in the shrimp culture. The influence of EHP infection in the shrimp gut microbiota is poorly studied, and this would be an interesting area to investigate since the gut microbiome of shrimp influences a number of key host processes such as digestion and immunity. In this study, a metagenomic approach was followed to compare the overall species richness of the gut microbiota of EHP-infected and healthy P. vannamei. Bacterial genomic DNA from the healthy and EHP-infected gut sample were profiled for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, targeting the V3-V4 conserved region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), an approximation of definitive taxonomic identity, were identified based on the sequence similarity within the sample reads and clustered together using a cut-off of 97% identity using UCLUST. The OTUs were then used for the computation of alpha diversity and beta diversity for each sample. EHP-infected gut sample showed lower bacterial abundance throughout the family, class, order, genus, and species levels when compared to healthy gut sample. This study shows that the shrimp gut microbiota is sensitive and exhibits a high level of plasticity during a microsporidian infection like EHP. Furthermore, Akkermansia muciniphila, a novel probiotic bacterium, has been reported in the shrimp gut for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Arumugam
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Babu Sudarsanan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbu Kumar Karuppannan
- Bioinformatics Center, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery, Chennai, 600007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subash Palaniappan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang C, Li PF, Hu DG, Wang H. Effect of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal microbiota and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus of Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108790. [PMID: 37169113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) feeding on intestinal microorganisms and protection against infection by Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) in Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei). We set up two groups, CG30 (fed normal feed) and CB30 (fed feed supplemented with C. butyricum), for the 30d C. butyricum feeding test, and four groups, CG (CG30 group injected with PBS), CB (CB30 group injected with PBS), VACG (CG30 group injected with V. alginolyticus), and VACB (CB30 group injected with V. alginolyticus), for the 24h infection test. The protective effect of C. butyricum against acute V. alginolyticus infection in P. vannamei was explained in terms of survival, histopathology, changes in enzyme activity, transcriptome analysis, and immune-related genes. We found that feeding C. butyricum significantly altered intestinal microbial populations' abundance and significantly reduced Vibrio spp. In the V. alginolyticus stress test, C. butyricum improved the survival rate and alleviated pathological changes in hepatopancreatic tissues, alleviated the reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity caused by infection, and increased the lysozyme content in P. vannamei. VACB group compared with the VACG group, 1730 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2029 down-regulated DEGs were screened. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that dietary supplementation with C. butyricum suppressed the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) transcription factors and the downregulation of prophenoloxidase (proPO), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) induced by V. alginolyticus infection. In conclusion, feed supplementation with C. butyricum changed P. vannamei's population ratio of intestinal microorganisms. Moreover, C. butyricum has the potential to act as an inhibitor of V. alginolyticus infection and enhance the resistance of P. vannamei to V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Department of Horticulture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation, Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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6
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Sukonthamarn P, Nanakorn Z, Junprung W, Supungul P, Tassanakajon A. Role of hemocytin from Litopenaeus vannamei in immune response against microsporidian, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108710. [PMID: 37004896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hemocytin, a multidomain hemostasis-related protein, is a homologous protein of hemolectin in Drosophila melanogaster and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in humans. The vWF type D (VWD) domain in hemocytin is thought to be a major mediator of hemocyte aggregation and the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation system. Here, we report for the first time the role of hemocytin from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvHCT) against Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), the pathogenic microsporidian causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei). The LvHCT gene contains 58,366 base pairs consisting of 84 exons encoding for 4267 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvHCT was clustered with crustacean hemocytins. Gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that LvHCT in hemocytes was significantly upregulated at 9 and 11 days post-EHP cohabitation, which was consistent with EHP copy numbers in the infected shrimp. To further investigate the biological function of LvHCT in EHP infection, a recombinant protein containing an LvHCT-specific VWD domain (rLvVWD) was expressed in Escherichia coli. In vitro agglutination assays showed that rLvVWD was functionally representative of LvHCT and induced aggregation of pathogens, including Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, fungi, and EHP spore. LvHCT suppression resulted in higher EHP copy numbers and proliferation due to the lack of hemocytin-mediated EHP spore aggregation in LvHCT-silenced shrimp. Moreover, immune-related genes in the proPO-activating cascade and Toll, IMD and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were upregulated to eliminate the over-controlled EHP in LvHCT-silenced shrimp. Furthermore, the impaired phenoloxidase activity due to LvLGBP suppression was recovered after rLvVWD injection, suggesting that LvHCT may be directly involved in phenoloxidase activation. In conclusion, a novel LvHCT is involved in shrimp immunity against EHP via EHP spore aggregation and possible activation of the proPO-activating cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Sukonthamarn
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Zittipong Nanakorn
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wisarut Junprung
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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7
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Dou Y, Zhang L, Shen H, Zhang S, Cao X, Qiao Y, Jiang G, Cheng J, Wan X, Fan X, Li H, Wang L, Shi W, Qin Y, Sun X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of non-germinated and germinated spores of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in vitro. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 197:107900. [PMID: 36806462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), an obligate intracellular parasite classified as microsporidia, is an emerging pathogen with a significant impact on the global shrimp aquaculture industry. The understanding of how microsporidia germinate has been a key factor in exploring its infection process. However, the germination process of EHP was rarely reported. To gain insight into the germination process, we conducted a high-throughput sequencing analysis of purified EHP spores that had undergone in vitro germination treatment. This analysis revealed 137 differentially expressed genes, with 84 up-regulated and 53 down-regulated genes. While the functions of some of the genes remain unknown, this study provides important data on the transcriptomic changes before and after EHP germination, which can aid in further studies on the EHP infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Dou
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | | | - Hui Shen
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China.
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xianping Fan
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Libao Wang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Cao Z, Gao Y, Xu J, Yang N, Li T, Chang L, Si L, Yan D. Transcriptome analysis of the hepatopancreas in Penaeus vannamei under experimental infection with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108605. [PMID: 36758659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a specialized intracellular parasite that mainly resides in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, causing significant growth retardation in shrimp. In this study, Penaeus vannamei was infected with EHP through an artificial challenge experiment, and the different genes and pathways in the hepatopancreas between EHP-infected and healthy shrimp were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that a total of 240 significantly differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 99 up-regulated genes and 141 down-regulated genes. Immune-related genes such as Astakine, lysozyme, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and macrophage mannose receptor 1-like (MMR) were up-regulated, and the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2), lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA), and adiponectin receptor protein (AdipoR) were also increased. However, several genes were down-regulated in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), trypsin-1, and delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (ALDH18A1). The results suggested that EHP infection of shrimps could significantly activate the immune system, but the energy and material metabolism processes were disturbed. This study identified a substantial number of genes and pathways associated with EHP infection, providing a valuable resource for revealing the molecular mechanism of growth retardation in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Linrui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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9
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Sang W, Liu J, Xing Y, Feng C, Hu Q, Lang Y, Li X, Bao J, Jiang H. Transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas of Chinese grass shrimp, Palaemonetes sinensis, infected by Enterocytospora artemiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108557. [PMID: 36669602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the microsporidian, Enterocytospora artemiae, has caused serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry of Palaemonetes sinensis. The hepatopancreas is the main digestive and immune organ of P. sinensis, and the main site of E. artemiae infection. We used next-generation sequencing to determine the effects of E. artemiae parasitism on the hepatopancreas of P. sinensis at the transcriptome level. The hepatopancreas of P. sinensis was parasitized by E. artemiae, and 881 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, of which 643 were upregulated and 238 were downregulated. These DEGs are mainly involved in DNA replication, transcription, translation, immunity, and metabolism. Among them, the cellular processes of DNA replication, transcription and translation are significantly strengthened, which may be related to the use of host ATP and nucleic acid by E. artemiae to achieve proliferation and damage to host cells to enhance DNA replication and repair. Moreover, to defend against E. artemiae, some immune genes related to antioxidation, such as glutathione metabolism, seleno compound metabolism, and cytochrome p450 2L1, were significantly upregulated, but simultaneously, tumor necrosis factor, NF-κB inhibitor α, and other immune-related genes were significantly down regulated, indicating that the parasitism of E. artemiae led to a significant decline in the immune defense ability of P. sinensis. From the perspective of metabolism, the metabolism-related DEGs of retinol, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, were significantly downregulated, resulting in insufficient nutrient absorption and decreased energy supply of the P. sinensis, which in turn affected their growth. The differential genes and pathways identified in this study can provide a reference basis to further elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of P. sinensis infected with E. artemiae and the prevention and control of microsporidia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Sang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuenan Xing
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingbiao Hu
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxi Lang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Down-Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Hepatopancreas of Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei upon Light and Heavy Infection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei: A Comparative Proteomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911574. [PMID: 36232879 PMCID: PMC9570011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is the pathogen of hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in shrimp. The diseased shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exhibits a slow growth syndrome, which causes severe economic losses. Herein, 4D label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to analyze the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei with a light (EHPptp2 < 103 copies/50 ng hpDNA, L group) and heavy (EHPptp2 > 104 copies/50 ng hpDNA, H group) load of EHP to better understand the pathogenesis of HPM. Exactly 786 (L group) and 1056 (H group) differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) versus the EHP-free (C group) control were mainly clustered to lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy production processing. Compared with the L group, the H group exhibited down-regulation significantly in lipid metabolism, especially in the elongation and degradation of fatty acid, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, metabolism of α-linolenic acid, sphingolipid, and glycerolipid, as well as juvenile hormone (JH) degradation. Expression pattern analysis showed that the degree of infection was positively correlated with metabolic change. About 479 EHP proteins were detected in infected shrimps, including 95 predicted transporters. These findings suggest that EHP infection induced the consumption of storage lipids and the entire down-regulation of lipid metabolism and the coupling energy production, in addition to the hormone metabolism disorder. These were ultimately responsible for the stunted growth.
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