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BB D, Holla R, Unnikrishnan B, Achappa B, Poovattil R, Sharma A, Simmy S, Prateek S. Clinical and seasonal pattern of dengue in a tertiary care hospital of South West India. F1000Res 2024; 12:817. [PMID: 38623379 PMCID: PMC11016885 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126845.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is an emerging global viral disease with an increase 30-fold in incidence in the past fifty years. In the past decade it was restricted to only few a states of South and Northern India but in the recent past it has affected almost all the states in India. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical profile, trends and outcome of dengue cases. Methods This retrospective record based cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary hospital, Mangaluru in Southern India. The study population included all dengue positive cases diagnosed either by IgM Capture ELISA or Dengue Non-structural Protein NS1 antigen over a period of five years. Information from pre-recorded case sheets were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results from the analysis have been expressed in percentages, means and graphs. Results The study included 401 dengue cases. Most cases were in the age range of 20-40 years with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Overall seropositivity rate was 23.94% with High IgM prevalence. Monthly distribution showed a maximum cases were in the months of June and July and minimum were in January and February. Among the study participants, 91.5% of patients recovered completely and 1.7% of patients had died. 6.8% of patients were discharged against medical advice. Conclusions Dengue continues to be major public health problem in this part of the globe affecting mainly the working age group. Low seropositivity with High IgM prevelance makes dengue an important differential for febrile illness of vague nature and invokes the need for robust public health response to curb the hyper-endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan BB
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Achappa
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Robin Poovattil
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashir Sharma
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shawna Simmy
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suryansh Prateek
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Indu PS, Anish TS, Chintha S, Libu GK, Tony L, Siju NS, Sreekumar E, Santhoshkumar A, Aravind R, Saradadevi KL, Sunija S, Johnson J, Anupriya MG, Mathew T, Reena KJ, Meenakshy V, Namitha P, Kumar NP, Kumari R, Mohamed AJ, Nagpal B, Sarkar S, Sadanandan R, Velayudhan R. The burden of dengue and force of infection among children in Kerala, India; seroprevalence estimates from Government of Kerala-WHO Dengue study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 22:100337. [PMID: 38482148 PMCID: PMC10934323 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Dengue shows high geographic heterogeneity within and across endemic countries. In the context of increasing burden and predicted outbreaks due to climate change, understanding the heterogeneity will enable us to develop region specific targeted interventions, including vaccination. World Health Organisation (WHO) suggests standard methodologies to study the burden and heterogeneity at national and subnational levels. Regional studies with robust and standard methodology to capture heterogeneity are scarce. We estimated the seroprevalence of dengue in children aged 9-12 years and the force of infection in Kerala, India, from where Zika cases also have been reported recently. Methods We conducted a school-based cross-sectional survey in 38 clusters; selected by stratified random sampling, representing rural, urban, high burden and low-burden administrative units. Validation of Indirect IgG ELISA was done by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT90) using the local isolates of all four serotypes. Force of infection (FOI) was estimated using the WHO-FOI calculator. We conducted a follow-up survey among a subsample of seronegative children, to estimate the rate of sero-conversion. Results Among 5236 children tested, 1521 were positive for anti-dengue IgG antibody. The overall seroprevalence in the state was 29% (95% CI 24.1-33.9). The validity corrected seroprevalence was 30.9% in the overall sample, 46.9% in Thiruvananthapuram, 26.9% in Kozhikkode and 24.9% in Kollam. Age-specific seroprevalence increased with age; 25.7% at 9 years, 29.5% at 10 years, 30.9% at 11 years and 33.9% at 12 years. Seroprevalence varied widely across clusters (16.1%-71.4%). The estimated force of infection was 3.3/100 person-years and the seroconversion rate was 4.8/100 person-years. 90% of children who tested positive were not aware of dengue infection. All the four serotypes were identified in PRNT and 40% of positive samples had antibodies against multiple serotypes. Interpretation The study validates the WHO methodology for dengue serosurveys and confirms its feasibility in a community setting. The overall seroprevalence in the 9-12 year age group is low to moderate in Kerala; there are regional variations; high burden and low burden clusters co-exist in the same districts. The actual burden of dengue exceeds the reported numbers. Heterogeneity in prevalence, the high proportion of inapparent dengue and the hyperendemic situation suggest the need for region-specific and targeted interventions, including vaccination. Funding World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pillaveetil Sathyadas Indu
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Thekkumkara Surendran Anish
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Sujatha Chintha
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Gnanaseelan Kanakamma Libu
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Lawrence Tony
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Nalinakshan Sudha Siju
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Institute of Advanced Virology (IAV), Bio 360 Life Sciences Park, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Asokan Santhoshkumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | - Reghukumar Aravind
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Premaletha Namitha
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raman Velayudhan
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Dutta O, Prasanth A, Kumari A, Akanksha K, Deeba F, Salam N. Burden of dengue, leishmaniasis and lymphatic filariasis in India and its states from 1990-2019: Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2019). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292723. [PMID: 37851660 PMCID: PMC10584127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases such as dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, constitute significant sources of illness, disability, and mortality among the poor and vulnerable in many countries around the world, including India. Based on the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2019, we analyse the burden of dengue, leishmaniasis, and lymphatic filariasis, in India from 1990 to 2019. Over this period, there was a reduction in the burden of lymphatic filariasis and leishmaniasis. Notably, dengue emerged as the most common vector-borne disease, exhibiting high fatality rate above 15 years of age and the highest DALY within 15-49 age group. Additionally, dengue cases surged substantially between 1990 and 2019. Leishmaniasis related mortality and DALY declined in the year 2019 compared to the year 1990, with high mortality and DALY in the 0-49-year-old age group. For lymphatic filariasis, DALY was more pronounce among those in the 15-49-year age group, which underwent reduction in 2019. Males had a higher burden in other vector-borne diseases than females, although females had a slightly elevated dengue burden. These findings highlight the evolving epidemiological trends related to vector-borne diseases in India, over the last three decades and underline the critical significance of sustained efforts for the elimination and control of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprokash Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Ajay Prasanth
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Ashu Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Kumari Akanksha
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Farah Deeba
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasir Salam
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Barrera-Illanes AN, Micieli MV, Ibáñez-Shimabukuro M, Santini MS, Martins AJ, Ons S. First report on knockdown resistance mutations in wild populations of Aedes aegypti from Argentina determined by a novel multiplex high-resolution melting polymerase chain reaction method. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:222. [PMID: 37415215 PMCID: PMC10324241 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an urban vector of dengue and other arboviruses. During epidemics of these viruses, pyrethroid insecticides are used for the control of adult mosquitoes. The worldwide resistance of Ae. aegypti to these insecticides is a cause of failure of vector control campaigns. The primary target of pyrethroids is the voltage-gated sodium channel. Point mutations in the gene coding for this channel, called knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, are associated with pyrethroid resistance. Two kdr mutations, V1016I and F1534C, have increased in frequency in natural populations of Ae. aegypti in the Americas during the last decade. Their association with pyrethroid resistance has been largely demonstrated in field populations throughout the Americas, and in in vitro assays. Diagnostics for kdr polymorphism allow early detection of the spread of insecticide resistance, which is critical for timely decisions on vector management. Given the importance of resistance management, high-throughput methods for kdr genotyping are valuable tools as they can be used for resistance monitoring programs. These methods should be cost-effective, to allow regional-scale surveys. Despite the extensive presence of Ae. aegypti and incidence of dengue in Argentina, the presence, abundance, and distribution of kdr mutations in populations of this mosquito have yet to be reported for the country. METHODS Aedes aegypti samples were collected as immature stages or adults from Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area and northern localities of Tartagal (Salta Province) and Calilegua (Jujuy Province). Immature stages were maintained in the laboratory until they developed into adults. A high-resolution melting assay, based on an analysis of melting temperatures, was developed for the simultaneous genotyping of V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations. We used this method to infer the presence and frequencies of kdr alleles in 11 wild populations from Argentina. RESULTS We demonstrated the presence of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti in Argentina in regions where this species is under different selection pressures due to the use of pyrethroids. The populations under analysis are located in geographically distant regions of the species' distribution in Argentina: the northern provinces of Salta and Jujuy and the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. Higher frequencies of resistant-associated alleles were detected in the northern region. We report a multiplex high-throughput assay based on a high-resolution melting polymerase chain reaction method for the simultaneous genotyping of V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations. This assay was shown to be cost-effective, and thus provides an interesting molecular tool for kdr genotyping in A. aegypti control campaigns. CONCLUSIONS We report, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the presence of kdr mutations in populations of Ae. aegypti from geographically distant locations of Argentina that differ with respect to their epidemiological situation and history of mosquito control. We have developed a high-throughput method for the genotyping of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti from the Americas. Given its affordability and short running time, this method can be used in control campaigns to monitor the presence and spread of kdr alleles. The information provided here is relevant for the rational design of control strategies in the context of integrated vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto N Barrera-Illanes
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CENEXA, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Micieli
- Laboratorio de Insectos Vectores, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET CCT-La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Ibáñez-Shimabukuro
- Laboratorio de Insectos Vectores, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y Vectores (CEPAVE CONICET CCT-La Plata-UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Santini
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbran, Ministerio de Salud de La Nación, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ademir J Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sheila Ons
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos (LNI), Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CENEXA, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Furtado KM, Kar A. Private Sector Engagement for Infectious Disease Surveillance in Mixed Health Systems: Lessons from a Model Dengue Reporting Network in India. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634221091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Disease estimates from surveillance in mixed health systems is affected by lack of data from the private sector. We aimed to characterize private sector engagement and reporting to a disease surveillance network, and determine the implications on dengue case detection. We developed and set up a public–private network (CODREN—Community Disease Detection and Response Network) with recruitment of eligible health resources ( n = 462) in a municipal ward of Pune city, India (population 209,331). Dengue cases reported through CODREN were compared with reports of the local dengue surveillance (LDS) over 1 year. Private clinics constituted the majority of eligible providers (60%, 276). Retention of participants was 81.7% with 13.9% reporting dengue cases. Phone call was the preferred reporting method (85.5%, 564 reports). CODREN captured a higher number of cases than LDS (78.9%, 251 vs 50.6%, 161), increasing case detection by 18% due to increased private reporting points. A twofold lower number of cases was reported by LDS from shared reporting points with CODREN, due to discrepancies in case definitions and diagnostic test preferences among private providers. We conclude that private sector engagement can improve dengue case detection with the selective inclusion of providers, sustained contact, feedback and simple reporting methods. Testing guidelines and case definitions adopted by the LDS need to address heterogeneity of private practice in mixed health systems, in order to improve dengue estimates in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheya Melo Furtado
- Goa Institute of Management, Sanquelim, Goa, India
- School of Health Sciences-Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Kar
- School of Health Sciences-Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Paradkar PN, Sahasrabudhe PR, Ghag Sawant M, Mukherjee S, Blasdell KR. Towards Integrated Management of Dengue in Mumbai. Viruses 2021; 13:2436. [PMID: 34960705 PMCID: PMC8703503 DOI: 10.3390/v13122436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing urbanisation, the dengue disease burden is on the rise in India, especially in large cities such as Mumbai. Current dengue surveillance in Mumbai includes municipal corporation carrying out specific activities to reduce mosquito breeding sites and the use of insecticides to suppress the adult mosquito populations. Clinical cases remain either underreported or misreported due to the restriction to government clinics, missing the large private health care sector. There is a need for an integrated approach to manage dengue outbreaks in Mumbai. There are various novel strategies available for use that can be utilised to improve disease detection, mosquito surveillance, and control of mosquito-borne diseases. These novel technologies are discussed in this manuscript. Given the complex ecosystem of mosquito-borne diseases in Mumbai, integrating data obtained from these technologies would support the ongoing mosquito control measures in Mumbai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad N. Paradkar
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | | | - Mrunal Ghag Sawant
- Department of Zoonosis, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Sandeepan Mukherjee
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Australia;
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Sabarinathan C, Karthikeyan M, Harisma B, Murugappan R, Arumuganathan T. One Pot Synthesis of Luminescent Polyoxometalate Supported Transition Metal Complex and biological evaluation as a potential larvicidal and anti-cancer agent. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bhavsar A, Tam CC, Garg S, Jammy GR, Taurel AF, Chong SN, Nealon J. Estimated dengue force of infection and burden of primary infections among Indian children. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1116. [PMID: 31412836 PMCID: PMC6694619 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive, age-stratified dengue surveillance data are unavailable from India and many more dengue cases occur than are reported. Additional information on dengue transmission dynamics can inform understanding of disease endemicity and infection risk. Methods Using age-stratified dengue IgG seroprevalence data from 2556 Indian children aged 5–10 years, we estimated annual force of infection (FOI) at each of 6 sites using a binomial regression model. We estimated the ages by which 50 and 70% of children were first infected; and predicted seroprevalence in children aged 1–10 years assuming constant force-of-infection. Applying these infection rates to national census data, we then calculated the number of primary dengue infections occurring, annually, in Indian children. Results Annual force-of-infection at all sites combined was 11.9% (95% CI 8.8–16.2), varying across sites from 3.5% (95% CI 2.8–4.4) to 21.2% (95% CI 18.4–24.5). Overall, 50 and 70% of children were infected by 5.8 (95% CI 4.3–7.9) and 10.1 (95% CI 7.4–13.7) years respectively. In all sites except Kalyani, > 70% of children had been infected before their 11th birthday, and goodness-of-fit statistics indicated a relatively constant force-of-infection over time except at two sites (Wardha and Hyderabad). Nationwide, we estimated 17,013,527 children (95% CI: 14,518,438- 19,218,733), equivalent to 6.5% of children aged < 11 years, experience their first infection annually. Conclusions Dengue force-of-infection in India is comparable to other highly endemic countries. Significant variation across sites exists, likely reflecting local epidemiological variation. The number of annual primary infections is indicative of a significant, under-reported burden of secondary infections and symptomatic episodes. Trial registration Registered retrospectively with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01477671; 18/11/2011) and clinical trials registry of India (ctri.nic.in; CTRI/2011/12/002243; 15/12/2011). Date of enrollment of 1st subject: 22/9/2011. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7432-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bhavsar
- Sanofi Pasteur- India, Mumbai, India.,Present address: GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Clarence C Tam
- Present address: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Suneela Garg
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 10002, India
| | - Guru Rajesh Jammy
- SHARE INDIA - Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne-Frieda Taurel
- Sanofi Pasteur- Singapore, Asia & JPAC, 38 Beach Road # 18-11, South Beach Tower, Singapore, 189767, Singapore
| | - Sher-Ney Chong
- Present address: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Sanofi Pasteur- Singapore, Asia & JPAC, 38 Beach Road # 18-11, South Beach Tower, Singapore, 189767, Singapore
| | - Joshua Nealon
- Sanofi Pasteur- Singapore, Asia & JPAC, 38 Beach Road # 18-11, South Beach Tower, Singapore, 189767, Singapore.
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Swain S, Bhatt M, Pati S, Soares Magalhaes RJ. Distribution of and associated factors for dengue burden in the state of Odisha, India during 2010-2016. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:31. [PMID: 31056077 PMCID: PMC6501402 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to estimate the epidemiological burden of dengue in Odisha, India using the disability adjusted life year (DALY) methods and to explore the associated factors in the year 2010-2016. During the period of 2010-2016, 27 772 cases (68.4% male) were reported in the state. Mean age (years) of male and female was 31.63 and 33.82, respectively. Mean district wise disability adjusted life years (DALY) per 100 000 people was higher in the year 2016 (0.45) and mean DALY lost per person was highest in the year 2015 (34.90 years). Adjusted regression model indicates, every unit increase in humidity and population density increases DALY by 1.05 and 1.02 units respectively. Whereas, unit change in sex ratio (females per 1000 males) and forest coverage increases the DALY by 0.98 units. Our results indicate geographical variation of DALY in Odisha, which is associated with population density, humidity and forest cover. Discrepancies identified between standard incidence and DALY maps suggests, latter can be used to present disease burden more effectively. More prevalence among young males suggests the need of strengthening the targeted prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashisa Swain
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Minakshi Bhatt
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Center, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes
- UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- UQ Child Health Research Centre, Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
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Husnayain A, Fuad A, Lazuardi L. Correlation between Google Trends on dengue fever and national surveillance report in Indonesia. Glob Health Action 2019; 12:1552652. [PMID: 31154985 PMCID: PMC6327938 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1552652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Digital traces are rapidly used for health monitoring purposes in recent years. This approach is growing as the consequence of increased use of mobile phone, Internet, and machine learning. Many studies reported the use of Google Trends data as a potential data source to assist traditional surveillance systems. The rise of Internet penetration (54.7%) and the huge utilization of Google (98%) indicate the potential use of Google Trends in Indonesia. No study was performed to measure the correlation between country wide official dengue reports and Google Trends data in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to measure the correlation between Google Trends data on dengue fever and the Indonesian national surveillance report. Methods: This research was a quantitative study using time series data (2012-2016). Two sets of data were analyzed using Moving Average analysis in Microsoft Excel. Pearson and Time lag correlations were also used to measure the correlation between those data. Results: Moving Average analysis showed that Google Trends data have a linear time series pattern with official dengue report. Pearson correlation indicated high correlation for three defined search terms with R-value range from 0.921 to 0.937 (p ≤ 0.05, overall period) which showed increasing trend in epidemic periods (2015-2016). Time lag correlation also indicated that Google Trends data can potentially be used for an early warning system and novel tool to monitor public reaction before the increase of dengue cases and during the outbreak. Conclusions: Google Trends data have a linear time series pattern and statistically correlated with annual official dengue reports. Identification of information-seeking behavior is needed to support the use of Google Trends for disease surveillance in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atina Husnayain
- E-Health Division, Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anis Fuad
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lutfan Lazuardi
- Department of Health Policy Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Effect of active case finding on dengue control: Implications from a mathematical model. J Theor Biol 2018; 464:50-62. [PMID: 30582932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue control in India is a challenging task due to complex healthcare settings. In yesteryears, an amplification of dengue infections in India posed the need for introspection of existing dengue control policies. Prior understanding of the impacts of control interventions is necessary for their future implementation. In this paper, we propose and analyze a compartmental model of dengue to assess the impact of active case finding (ACF) on dengue disease transmission. Currently, primary prevention of dengue is possible only with vector control and personal protection from the bites of infected mosquitoes. Although a few experimental studies are performed to assess ACF in dengue disease, but this is the first attempt to represent and study the dynamics of disease using ACF as a control strategy. Local and global dynamics of the system are studied. We use sensitivity analysis to see the effects of controllable parameters of the model on the basic reproduction number and total number of infective population. We find that decrease in the biting rate of mosquitoes, and increase in the rate of hospitalization and/or notification, death rate of mosquitoes and ACF for asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals play crucial role for the reduction of disease prevalence. We calibrate our model to the yearly dengue cases in eight dengue endemic states of India. The results of our study show that ACF of symptomatic individuals will have significant effect on dengue case reduction but ACF of asymptomatic individuals cannot be ignored. Our findings indicate that the healthcare organizations must focus on ACF of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals along with personal protection and mosquitoes control to achieve rapid reduction of dengue cases in India.
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12
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Sabeena S, Chandrabharani K, Ravishankar N, Arunkumar G. Classification of dengue cases in Southwest India based on the WHO systems-a retrospective analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 112:479-485. [PMID: 30107616 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WHO dengue classification 1997 was revised in 2009 and the revised classification system has now been in use for the past decade. This study was carried out to compare the 1997 and revised classifications in assessing the severity of dengue infection among all age groups during a dengue outbreak in southwest India. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out including serologically confirmed dengue cases. A total of 1033 dengue cases were classified on the basis of the 1997 WHO classification and 2009 revised classification. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 for Windows (SPSSTM Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results Both the 1997 and revised WHO classifications were applied to 1033 confirmed dengue cases, including 692 males (67%) and 341 females (33%). The median age of the study participants was 23 years (IQR 10-33), including 112 (10.8%) children at and below the age of 5 years. The level of agreement between the two systems of classification was poor (kappa=0.143, 0.055-0.198, p-value <0.001). Conclusion A greater sensitivity and specificity of the revised classification was observed in comparison with the 1997 WHO classification. In the context of changing dengue epidemiology and geographical expansion, the revised classification is helpful in the identification of severe cases, facilitating timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharanpillai Sabeena
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, APEX Referral Laboratory for Arboviruses (NVBDCP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Kiran Chandrabharani
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, APEX Referral Laboratory for Arboviruses (NVBDCP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Statistics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, APEX Referral Laboratory for Arboviruses (NVBDCP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
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13
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Thakur R, Singh BB, Jindal P, Aulakh RS, Gill JPS. The Clean India Mission: Public and animal health benefits. Acta Trop 2018; 186:5-15. [PMID: 29949730 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Clean India Mission is a national campaign that aims for complete elimination of open defecation from the country. In India, 564 million people do not have access to toilets and defecate in the open environment. The 'Millennium development goals' have given increased weightage to elimination of open defecation for improving health, nutrition and productivity of developing country populations. The Indian economy bears an estimated annual total loss (in terms of health, education, access time and tourism) of US$ 54 billion due to lack of toilets, poor hygiene and over US$ 38.5 billion in treatment costs for diseases occurring due to poor hygiene. Out of 1415 human pathogens, at least more than 10% of pathogens are transmitted through the faecal-oral route. The practice of open defecation helps pathogens persist in the environment and cause diseases. This review focuses on the current status and harms of open defecation, as well as the public and animal health benefits of implementing 'The Clean India Mission' in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Thakur
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir Bagicha Singh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Prateek Jindal
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Rabinder Singh Aulakh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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Ganeshkumar P, Murhekar MV, Poornima V, Saravanakumar V, Sukumaran K, Anandaselvasankar A, John D, Mehendale SM. Dengue infection in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006618. [PMID: 30011275 PMCID: PMC6078327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is the most extensively spread mosquito-borne disease; endemic in more than 100 countries. Information about dengue disease burden, its prevalence, incidence and geographic distribution is critical in planning appropriate control measures against dengue fever. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of dengue fever in India. METHODS We searched for studies published until 2017 reporting the incidence, the prevalence or case fatality of dengue in India. Our primary outcomes were (a) prevalence of laboratory confirmed dengue infection among clinically suspected patients, (b) seroprevalence in the general population and (c) case fatality ratio among laboratory confirmed dengue patients. We used binomial-normal mixed effects regression model to estimate the pooled proportion of dengue infections. Forest plots were used to display pooled estimates. The metafor package of R software was used to conduct meta-analysis. RESULTS Of the 2285 identified articles on dengue, we included 233 in the analysis wherein 180 reported prevalence of laboratory confirmed dengue infection, seven reported seroprevalence as evidenced by IgG or neutralizing antibodies against dengue and 77 reported case fatality. The overall estimate of the prevalence of laboratory confirmed dengue infection among clinically suspected patients was 38.3% (95% CI: 34.8%-41.8%). The pooled estimate of dengue seroprevalence in the general population and CFR among laboratory confirmed patients was 56.9% (95% CI: 37.5-74.4) and 2.6% (95% CI: 2-3.4) respectively. There was significant heterogeneity in reported outcomes (p-values<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Identified gaps in the understanding of dengue epidemiology in India emphasize the need to initiate community-based cohort studies representing different geographic regions to generate reliable estimates of age-specific incidence of dengue and studies to generate dengue seroprevalence data in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj V. Murhekar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraraghavadoss Poornima
- School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Velusamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnendu Sukumaran
- School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Anandan Anandaselvasankar
- School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Denny John
- Campbell Collaboration, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay M. Mehendale
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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