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Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Uveitis. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020444. [PMID: 36851658 PMCID: PMC9962278 DOI: 10.3390/v15020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is one of the most common ocular complications in people living with the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and can be classified into HIV-induced uveitis, co-infection related uveitis, immune recovery uveitis, and drug-induced uveitis. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has considerably changed the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of different types of HIV-related uveitis. Furthermore, the specific immune condition of patients infected with HIV makes diagnosing HIV-related uveitis difficult. Recent studies have focused on the growing prevalence of syphilis/tuberculosis co-infection in uveitis. Simultaneously, more studies have demonstrated that HIV can directly contribute to the incidence of uveitis. However, the detailed mechanism has not been studied. Immune recovery uveitis is diagnosed by exclusion, and recent studies have addressed the role of biomarkers in its diagnosis. This review highlights recent updates on HIV-related uveitis. Furthermore, it aims to draw the attention of infectious disease physicians and ophthalmologists to the ocular health of patients infected with HIV.
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Gatechompol S, Harnpariphan W, Supanan R, Suwanpimolkul G, Sophonphan J, Ubolyam S, Kerr SJ, Avihingsanon A, Kawkitinarong K. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and feasibility of TB preventive therapy among Thai prisoners: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1206. [PMID: 34162348 PMCID: PMC8223292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisons are considered as major reservoirs for tuberculosis. Preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI) is an adjunctive strategy to control TB. However, LTBI data in Thai prisoners is limited. This study assessed the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners in Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Participants were screened for active TB by questionnaire and chest X-ray. LTBI was evaluated by Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTP) among subgroup. Participants with positive TST or QFTP were considered to have LTBI. Participants with LTBI were offered IPT. RESULTS From August 2018-November 2019, 1002 participants were analyzed. All participants were male with a median age of 38 (IQR 32-50) years. LTBI identified by either TST/QFTP was present in 466 (46.5%) participants. TST was positive in 359 (36%) participants. In the subgroup of 294 participants who had both TST and QFTP results, 181/294 (61.6%) tested positive by QFTP. Agreement between TST and QFTP was 55.1% (Kappa = 0.17). The risk factors associated with LTBI were previous incarceration (aOR 1.53, 95%CI, 1.16-2.01, p = 0.002), history of prior active TB (aOR 3.02, 95%CI, 1.74-5.24, p < 0.001) and duration of incarceration ≥10 years (aOR 1.86, 95%CI, 1.24-2.79, p = 0.003). Majority of LTBI participants (82%) agreed to take IPT. Three hundred and 56 (93%) participants completed treatment whereas 27 (7%) participants discontinued IPT due to the side effects of INH. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of IPT among Thai prisoners. LTBI prevalence in male prisoners in Thailand is high. LTBI screening and treatment should be implemented together with other preventive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaporn Gatechompol
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Weerakit Harnpariphan
- Medical Correctional Institution, Bangkok and Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruamthip Supanan
- Medical Correctional Institution, Bangkok and Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gompol Suwanpimolkul
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Ubolyam
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Kerr
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamon Kawkitinarong
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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