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Gharaibeh MH, Lafi SQ, Allah AMH, Qudsi FRA. Occurrence, virulence, and resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolated from an integrated poultry company in Jordan. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103733. [PMID: 38631233 PMCID: PMC11040170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is considered one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. The annual number of hospitalizations and deaths related to zoonotic salmonellosis, which is transmitted from animals to humans and infects poultry and meat, is expected to be significant. Hence, the primary aims of this research were to isolate and characterize Salmonella species obtained from an integrated poultry company and identify some virulence, and antimicrobial resistance, with a specific concern about colistin resistance genes. A total of 635 samples collected from various sources in an integrated company in Jordan were screened for Salmonella species accompanying their virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. Samples were collected from parent stock house drag swabs, broiler farms, premix, cecum at the slaughterhouse level, prechilling and postchilling stages, and the final product. Salmonella species were detected in 3% (6/200) of investigated parent stock house drag swabs, 13.8% (11/80) from cloacal swabs from broiler farms, 16.9% (11/65) from boiler farms premix, 24.4% (11/45) from the cecum at slaughterhouse level, 16.4% (9/55) from the prechilling stage, 37.8% (17/45) from the postchilling stage and 53.3% (24/45) from the final product stage. No isolates were detected in feed mills (0/20), parents' premix (0/40), or hatcheries (0/40). Salmonella isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (91.0%), nalidixic acid (86.5%), doxycycline (83.1%), tetracycline (83.1%), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (79.8%) and ampicillin (76.4%). Serotyping shows that S. Infantis was the predominant serovar, with 56.2%. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, 39.3% (35/89) of the isolates were resistant to colistin; however, no mcr genes were detected. Among antimicrobial-resistant genes, blaTEM was the most prevalent (88.8%). Furthermore, the spvC, ompA, and ompF virulence genes showed the highest percentages (97.8%, 97.8%, and 96.6%, respectively). In conclusion, Salmonella isolates were found at various stages in the integrated company. S. Infantis was the most prevalent serotype. No mcr genes were detected. Cross-contamination between poultry production stages highlights the importance of good hygiene practices. Furthermore, the presence of virulence genes and the patterns of antimicrobial resistance present significant challenges for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Shawkat Q Lafi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed M Habib Allah
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110, Jordan
| | - Farah R Al Qudsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 21121, Jordan
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Gharaibeh MH, Abandeh YM, Elnasser ZA, Lafi SQ, Obeidat HM, Khanfar MA. Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Profiles and the Associated Risk Factors in Teaching Hospital in Jordan. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:543-550. [PMID: 38367568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs), with a focus on colistin resistance in clinical A. baumannii, as well as the risk factors associated with A. baumannii infection in Jordanian patients. METHODS In total, 150 A. baumannii isolates were obtained from patients at a teaching hospital. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. PCR amplification was used to detect ARGs, and statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of identified risk factors on the ARGs acquisition. RESULTS More than 90% of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to monobactam, carbapenem, cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones, penicillin, and β-lactam agents. Moreover, 20.6% of the isolates (n = 31) were colistin-resistant. Several ARGs were also detected in A. baumannii isolates. Univariate analysis indicated that risk factors and the carriage of ARGs were significantly associated P ≤ (0.05) with gender, invasive devices, immunodeficiency, systemic diseases, tumors, and covid-19. Logistic regression analysis indicated seven risk factors, and three protective factors were associated with the ARGs (armA, strA, and strB) P ≤ (0.05). In contrast, tetB and TEM were associated with 2 risk factors each P ≤ (0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates a high prevalence of MDR A. baumannii infections in ICU patients, as well as describing the case of colistin-resistant A. baumannii for the first time in Jordan. Additionally, the risk factors associated with ARGs-producing A. baumannii infections among ICU patients suggest a rapid emergence and spread of MDR A. baumannii without adequate surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Yaman M Abandeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ziad A Elnasser
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Shawkat Q Lafi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Haneen M Obeidat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Malak A Khanfar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Gharaibeh MH, Sheyab SYA, Lafi SQ, Etoom EM. Risk factors associated with mcr-1 colistin-resistance gene in Escherichia coli broiler samples in northern Jordan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:284-292. [PMID: 38325733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1, and to identify risk factors associated with mcr gene-mediated resistance. METHODS In total, 385 cloacal samples were collected from 125 broiler farms and a questionnaire containing information about each farm was designed and filled. RESULTS Most of the antibiotics used in the disk diffusion method were highly resistant in all samples, with tetracycline and penicillin showing 100% and 99.7% resistance, respectively. Additionally, avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) virulence genes frequency and percentage of APEC were identified, including sitA,iucC, and astA at 77%, 70.5%, and 62% respectively. In total, 214 of 360 isolates were positive for APEC (59.4%). Based on the minimum inhibitory (MIC) test, 58% of the isolates (n = 209 of 360) were resistant to colistin, with 39.7% displaying the mcr-1 gene. The statistical analysis of risk factors that influence colistin resistance prevalence revealed several significant factors, including commercial feed, farm management, sanitization, and antibiotic use. Irregular health checks for workers, non-dipping of feet before entering poultry houses, and the use of commercial poultry feeds all contributed to higher levels of colistin resistance as measured by MIC. On the other hand, doxycycline and commercial feed was 4 and 3.2 times more likely to occur based on the final logistic model of the mcr-1 gene, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that better biosecurity protocols should be implemented in poultry farms to reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Additionally, antibiotics should be carefully monitored and used only when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Sahba Y Al Sheyab
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shawkat Q Lafi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Eman M Etoom
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Thabet AM, Alzuheir IM, Laham NAA, Helal BYA, Fayyad AF, Jalboush NH, Gharaibeh MH. First report of mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from turkeys in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Vet World 2023; 16:1260-1265. [PMID: 37577205 PMCID: PMC10421552 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1260-1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Colistin is used to treat avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a microorganism that affects turkey meat production in the Gaza Strip and worldwide. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in pathogenic E. coli strains is a serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenge for both human and animal health. In December 2018, colistin was banned as a veterinary antimicrobial in the Gaza Strip. This study aimed to detect and track the prevalence of colistin-resistant APEC isolated from turkey flocks in the Gaza Strip. Materials and Methods This study investigated 239 APEC isolates from turkey flocks in the Gaza Strip between October 2018 and December 2021 (at 6-month intervals). The colistin-resistant APEC strains were detected using the broth microdilution method. The mcr-1 gene was identified using a polymerase chain reaction. Results The overall colistin resistance among the isolated APECs was 32.2% during the study period. The average resistance in the first interval was 37.5%, which significantly decreased to 9.3% in the last interval. Among the 77 phenotypically resistant isolates, 32.4% were positive for mcr-1. The average abundance of mcr-1 in the first interval was 66.6%, which decreased to 25% in the last interval. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the presence of the mcr-1 gene among the APEC isolates from turkeys in the Gaza Strip. Banned veterinary use of colistin significantly decreased the percentage of resistant APEC isolates from turkeys in Gaza Strip. Further studies are needed to investigate other colistin resistance genes and track the emergence of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Thabet
- Thabet Center for Veterinary Services diagnostic laboratory, Gaza Strip, Palestine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Ibrahim M. Alzuheir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nahed A. Al Laham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Belal Y. Abu Helal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Adnan F. Fayyad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nasr H. Jalboush
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad H. Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030 Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Zaki BM, Hussein AH, Hakim TA, Fayez MS, El-Shibiny A. Phages for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:207-239. [PMID: 37739556 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen involved in both hospital- and community-acquired infections. K. pneumoniae is associated with various infections, including pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and surgical wound infection. K. pneumoniae possesses serious virulence, biofilm formation ability, and severe resistance to many antibiotics especially hospital-acquired strains, due to excessive use in healthcare systems. This limits the available effective antibiotics that can be used for patients suffering from K. pneumoniae infections; therefore, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Bacteriophages (for short, phages) are prokaryotic viruses capable of infecting, replicating, and then lysing (lytic phages) the bacterial host. Phage therapy exhibited great potential for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections comprising K. pneumoniae. Hence, this chapter emphasizes and summarizes the research articles in the PubMed database from 1948 until the 15th of December 2022, addressing phage therapy against K. pneumoniae. The chapter provides an overview of K. pneumoniae phages covering different aspects, including phage isolation, different morphotypes of isolated phages, in vitro characterization, anti-biofilm activity, various therapeutic forms, in vivo research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Assmaa H Hussein
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Toka A Hakim
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Fayez
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt.
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Sazykina M, Barabashin T, Konstantinova E, Al-Rammahi AAK, Pavlenko L, Khmelevtsova L, Karchava S, Klimova M, Mkhitaryan I, Khammami M, Sazykin I. Non-corresponding contaminants in marine surface sediments as a factor of ARGs spread in the Sea of Azov. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114196. [PMID: 36219972 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the level and total toxicity of the most common pollutants in surface sediments and assess their impact on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Sea of Azov. Biotesting using the whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors showed high integral toxicity of surface sediments and the presence of genotoxicants and substances that cause oxidative stress and protein damage. Using cluster analysis, it was shown that the distribution of pollutants in the Sea of Azov depends on the type of surface sediments. The relative abundance and distribution of 14 ARGs in surface sediments were shown. Principle component analyses results suggest that non-corresponding contaminants do not exert direct influence on the ARGs abundance in the surface sediments of the Sea of Azov. Thus, the need to investigate the significance of non-corresponding pollutants in the selection and distribution of ARGs in the aquatic environment remains a pressing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation.
| | - Timofey Barabashin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation; Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 21v Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Liliya Pavlenko
- Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 21v Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila Khmelevtsova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Shorena Karchava
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Klimova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Mkhitaryan
- Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 21v Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita Khammami
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
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