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Toprak K. Atherogenic Index of Plasma is an Independent Risk Factor for Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Angiology 2022; 74:427-434. [PMID: 35750499 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in predicting contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention due to non-ST elevated myocardial infarction. Of these, 1644 patients were included in the study. Retrospective data of patients were obtained from hospital records. For the diagnosis of CIN, peri-procedural patient records were scanned. There was a significant difference between age, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, albumin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, number of stenotic vessels, creatinine increase rate, baseline creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, AIP, and two groups (CIN- and CIN+) (P < .05, for all). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, AIP was an independent predictor of CIN (odds ratio: 20.352, 95% CI: 12.696-32.624, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that AIP values of ≥.62 could predict CIN with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 58% for predicting CIN (area under curve = .710, P < .001). Atherogenic index of plasma may be helpful as a biomarker to predict CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Toprak
- Department of Cardiology, Siverek State Hospital, Sanliurfa 63600, Turkey
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Impact of 719Trp>Arg Polymorphism of KIF 6 Gene on Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Glob Heart 2022; 17:16. [PMID: 35342690 PMCID: PMC8896252 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of preventive strategies, such as statin therapy, is crucial for the management of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Several studies showed the association between KIF6 polymorphism (replacement of Trp719 with Arg) and an increased cardiovascular risk, while others showed a correlation between ‘pleiotropic’ effects of statins and a reduction in cardiovascular events in the population with the risk allele due to the documented modulation of response to statin by KIF6 polymorphism. Aim of this study is to assess the impact of KIF6 polymorphism on the development of CIN. Methods: We analysed 1253 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography/PCI. Serum creatinine was collected at baseline, 24 and 48 hours after contrast exposure. We identified the different allelic patterns and assessed the incidence of CIN (absolute increase of 0.5mg/dL or relative >25% in creatinine at 24 and 48h). Results: KIF6 Arg mutation was found in 669 patients (heterozygotes n = 525, homozygotes n = 144). The total prevalence of CIN was 12.5% and we did not find any association between KIF6 polymorphism and CIN development (11.3%, 13.7%, 13.2% p = 0.30). At subgroups analysis among statin ‘naïve’ patients we found a higher prevalence of CIN in homozygous patients as compared to wild-type (20.7% vs 11.3%, p = 0.05), while opposite results were observed among patients with statin therapy (8.6% vs 13.2%, p = 0.28). Conclusion: KIF6 homozygous Arg was associated with a significant increase in the risk of CIN only among statin naive patients. Future studies are needed to evaluate the beneficial effects of statin especially in this subset of patients.
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A New Agent in Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.943752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hou C, Zheng B, Wang XG, Zhang B, Shi QP, Chen M. Renal impact of high-loading-dose statin pre-cardiac catheterization in patients with chronic kidney disease and long-term statin use. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1609-1618. [PMID: 31410116 PMCID: PMC6676095 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that short-term statin loading effectively protects statin-naive patients with mild renal insufficiency from contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The aim of the present study was to determine whether patients with more advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and long-term statin therapy also benefit from high-loading statin pretreatment. A total of 256 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe CKD receiving long-term statin therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery angiography (CAG) were divided into the statin-loading group (n=34) and the no statin-loading group (n=222), depending on whether the respective patient received high-dose statin within 24 h prior to the intervention. The primary endpoint was the percent change in serum creatinine (SCr) levels. Additional endpoints included absolute change in SCr levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 48–72 h after contrast exposure, incidence rate of CI-AKI and composite in-hospital adverse events. The mean SCr decreased from baseline in either of the two groups, and the differences in the percent (P=0.930) and absolute change (P=0.990) in SCr levels were not significant between the two groups. Furthermore, no significant difference in the post-procedural eGFR was observed between the two groups. The incidence rates of CI-AKI (2.9 vs. 4.1%, P>0.999) and in-hospital adverse events (0.0 vs. 3.6%, P=0.602) were also similar between the two groups. Stratified analyses were then performed, which yielded results consistent with the above. Multiple linear regression indicated that the baseline eGFR value and current smoking status were independent factors affecting the post-procedural eGFR value, while high-dose statin loading was not. Therefore, statin reloading prior to intervention may not provide any further renal protection or decrease the occurrence of in-hospital adverse events in patients with moderate-to-severe CKD receiving long-term statin therapy, which warrants validation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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Liu LY, Liu Y, Wu MY, Sun YY, Ma FZ. Efficacy of atorvastatin on the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018. [PMID: 29535505 PMCID: PMC5840281 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s149106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Results of studies on the efficacy of atorvastatin pretreatment on reducing the prevalence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been controversial. Objective We undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after CAG or PCI. Materials and methods We undertook a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2017. A meta-analysis was carried out including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared atorvastatin pretreatment with pretreatment with a low-dose statin or placebo for CIAKI prevention in patients undergoing CAG. The main endpoint was CIN prevalence. Results Nine RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. Atorvastatin pretreatment reduced the prevalence of CIN significantly (odds ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.27–0.79; p=0.004). The benefit of high-dose atorvastatin pretreatment was consistent when compared with the control group (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21–0.95; p=0.04). Conclusion At high doses, atorvastatin pretreatment was associated with a significant reduction in the prevalence of CIAKI in patients undergoing CAG. Pretreatment with high-dose atorvastatin could be employed to prevent CIAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Mei-Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Yan-Yan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fu-Zhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University
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Drug Effects and Clinical Investigations for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Coronary Angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes. Am J Ther 2017; 24:e423-e430. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Syed MH, Khandelwal PN, Thawani VR, Katare SS. Efficacy of Atorvastatin in Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in High-risk Patients Undergoing Angiography: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2017; 8:50-53. [PMID: 28706398 PMCID: PMC5497399 DOI: 10.4103/jpp.jpp_156_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin (ATN) 80 mg in the prevention of contrast medium- induced nephropathy (CIN) in high risk patients undergoing angiograph. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, two-arm, parallel group RCT. A total of 216 patients undergoing coronary angiography were screened, and 188 eligible patients were randomized to two treatment arms. Patients in Group A received tablet N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1200 mg once daily, and patients in Group B received tablet atorvastatin 80 mg + NAC 1200 mg once daily, for 3 days before, and 2 days after angiography. Results: A total of 160 patients completed the trial. Postprocedure, nine and two CIN cases were found in Group A and B, respectively. The mean change in serum creatinine was 0.086 ± 0.168 in Group A and 0.021 ± 0.083 in Group B, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0289). Postprocedure, the estimated glomerular filteration rate was reduced by 19.52 in Group A and 13.55 in Group B (P = 0.003). Conclusion: This trial indicates the positive role of statins in preventive strategy against CIN along with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaz Hussain Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research and Noor Hospital, Jalna, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Vijay R Thawani
- Department of Pharmacology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Maharashtra, India
| | - S S Katare
- Department of Pharmacology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled studies. Am J Ther 2016; 22:e158-66. [PMID: 25187093 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a possible complication of interventional procedures that require administration of an iodinated contrast. Previous observational and small prospective randomized trials suggested that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors may reduce the incidence of CIN. We performed a meta-analysis of the effect of statins on CIN including prospective randomized, controlled trials of statin therapy. We conducted an EMBASE and MEDLINE search for studies in which patients were randomized to treatment with a statin plus standard treatment (or placebo) versus standard treatment (or placebo). We included studies that provided data on creatinine clearance, and incidence of CIN before the initiation of the treatment and at the end of the follow-up period. We identified 9 prospective randomized studies of high-dose statin treatment compared with placebo treatment for CIN prevention with 2504 controls and 2480 patients that received statins. A significant reduction in CIN was observed when pharmacologic intervention with statins was used (odds ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.58; P < 0.0001). In this meta-analysis of prospective controlled studies, we found a statistically significant reduction of CIN incidence in patients pretreated with high-dose statins before the procedure.
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Galal H, Nammas W, Samir A. Impact of high dose versus low dose atorvastatin on contrast induced nephropathy in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention. Egypt Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Barbieri L, Verdoia M, Schaffer A, Nardin M, Marino P, De Luca G. The role of statins in the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 38:493-502. [PMID: 24705677 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-014-1076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of coronary angiography/angioplasty. Prevention is the key to reduce the incidence of CIN and it begins with appropriate pre-procedural management. Statins have been shown to possess pleiotropic effects (anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties) and their effects on CIN were assessed in several studies with conflicting results. Aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of short-term statins for the prevention of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography/percutaneous interventions. We performed formal searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and major international scientific session abstracts from January 1990 to January 2014 of trials which compares short-term statins versus Placebo for the prevention of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography/angioplasty. Data regarding study design, statin dose, inclusion/exclusion criteria, number of patients, and clinical outcome was extracted by 2 investigators. Eight trials were included, with a total of 4734 patients. CIN occurred in 79/2,358 patients (3.3%) treated with statins versus 153/2,376 patients (6.4%) of the placebo group [OR 95% CI 0.50 (0.38-0.66), p < 0.00001; p het = 0.39]. Benefits were both observed with high-dose short-term statins [OR 95% CI 0.44 (0.30-0.65), p < 0.0001; p het = 0.16] and low-dose statins, [OR 95% CI 0.58 (0.39-0.88), p = 0.010; p het = 0.90]. By meta-regression analysis, no significant relationship was observed between benefits from statin therapy and patient's risk profile (p = 0.26), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.4), contrast volume (p = 0.94) or diabetes rate (p = 0.38). This meta-analysis showed that among patients undergoing coronary angiography/percutaneous intervention the use of short-term statins reduces the incidence of CIN, and therefore is highly recommended even in patients with low LDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barbieri
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, Corso Mazzini, 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
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Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Kittanamongkolchai W, Edmonds PJ, O'Corragain OA, Srivali N, Ungprasert P, Erickson SB. Periprocedural effects of statins on the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ren Fail 2015; 37:664-71. [PMID: 25703707 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1010939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reports on the efficacy of statins for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) remain controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of statins for the prevention of CIAKI. METHODS Comprehensive literature searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of periprocedural statin treatment for prevention of CIAKI were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrials.gov from inception until May 2014. The primary outcome was the incidence of CIAKI. RESULTS Thirteen prospective RCTs were included in our analysis. Of 5803 patients with contrast exposures, 304 patients (5.2%) had CIAKI. Patients in the statin group had an overall lower incidence of CIAKI (3.6%) compared to the control group (6.9%). Intravenous (IV) fluid hydration was used in both groups of all included studies for prevention of CIAKI. There was a significant protective effect of periprocedural statins on the incidence of CIAKI when compared to the control group [risk ratios (RRs): 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37-0.66, I(2) of 25%]. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a statistically significant protective effect of statin treatment during procedures with contrast exposures. This finding suggests the use of statins in addition to standard IV crystalloid hydration may be beneficial in the prevention of CIAKI.
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Adaptation of contrast injection protocol to tube potential for cardiovascular CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 203:1181-91. [PMID: 25415695 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate and validate adaptation of a cardiovascular CT angiography contrast injection protocol for lower tube potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients evaluated for thoracic aortic disease with a 256-MDCT scanner were imaged at 120 kV (group 1) or 100 kV (group 2) with the same contrast protocol (90 mL iopromide 370 mg I/mL at 3.5 mL/s). A pharmacokinetic model was validated and used to simulate aortic attenuation in group 2 patients with 20%, 33%, and 44% reduction in contrast volume. A 44% volume reduction was applied to 50 additional patients who underwent imaging at 100 kV (group 3). Patient characteristics, scanning and radiation parameters, and objective and subjective image indexes were compared among groups. RESULTS Group 2 patients had higher mean aortic blood attenuation (399±61 HU) than group 1 patients (281±48 HU) (p<0.001) but similar image noise. Group 3 and group 1 patients had similar mean aortic attenuation and noise. Subjective assessment of image quality indicated that group 3 and group 1 had comparable percentages of images with good or excellent diagnostic confidence scores (reader 1, 98% vs 96%; reader 2, 96% vs 96%). CONCLUSION Lower tube potential (100 kV) for cardiothoracic CT could be accompanied by a 44% reduction in contrast volume with satisfactory aortic blood-pool attenuation in most patients. More personalized adaptation of the contrast protocol that takes into account patient characteristics and tube potential is necessary to ensure sufficient contrast enhancement for all patients.
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Andreucci M, Faga T, Pisani A, Sabbatini M, Michael A. Acute kidney injury by radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis and prevention. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:362725. [PMID: 25197639 PMCID: PMC4150431 DOI: 10.1155/2014/362725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that iodinated radiographic contrast media may cause kidney dysfunction, particularly in patients with preexisting renal impairment associated with diabetes. This dysfunction, when severe, will cause acute renal failure (ARF). We may define contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as ARF occurring within 24-72 hrs after the intravascular injection of iodinated radiographic contrast media that cannot be attributed to other causes. The mechanisms underlying contrast media nephrotoxicity have not been fully elucidated and may be due to several factors, including renal ischaemia, particularly in the renal medulla, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production, and tubular epithelial and vascular endothelial injury. However, contrast-induced AKI can be prevented, but in order to do so, we need to know the risk factors. We have reviewed the risk factors for contrast-induced AKI and measures for its prevention, providing a long list of references enabling readers to deeply evaluate them both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Faga
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Nephology Unit, Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Pansini no. 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Sabbatini
- Nephology Unit, Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Pansini no. 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ashour Michael
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Andreucci M, Solomon R, Tasanarong A. Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:741018. [PMID: 24895606 PMCID: PMC4034507 DOI: 10.1155/2014/741018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Radiocontrast media (RCM) are medical drugs used to improve the visibility of internal organs and structures in X-ray based imaging techniques. They may have side effects ranging from itching to a life-threatening emergency, known as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). We define CIN as acute renal failure occurring within 24-72 hrs of exposure to RCM that cannot be attributed to other causes. It usually occurs in patients with preexisting renal impairment and diabetes. The mechanisms underlying CIN include reduction in medullary blood flow leading to hypoxia and direct tubule cell damage and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Identification of patients at high risk for CIN is important. We have reviewed the risk factors and procedures for prevention, providing a long list of references enabling readers a deep evaluation of them both. The first rule to follow in patients at risk of CIN undergoing radiographic procedure is monitoring renal function by measuring serum creatinine and calculating the eGFR before and once daily for 5 days after the procedure. It is advised to discontinue potentially nephrotoxic medications, to choose radiocontrast media at lowest dosage, and to encourage oral or intravenous hydration. In high-risk patients N-acetylcysteine may also be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology Unit, Department of “Health Sciences”, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, “Magna Graecia” University, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Richard Solomon
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Adis Tasanarong
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
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Boyacioglu M, Turgut H, Akgullu C, Eryilmaz U, Kum C, Onbasili OA. The effect of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses of experimental contrast-induced nephropathy in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:1-8. [PMID: 23965850 PMCID: PMC3979958 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the prophylactic effects of carnitine
against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and its relation to oxidant/antioxidant status
in kidney, liver, heart, spleen and lung tissues in a CIN rat model. Twenty-eight adult
male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, the control, contrast media (CM), carnitine
and contrast media+carnitine (CM+carnitine) groups. Animals were placed in individual
metabolism cages, and on the 2nd day, rats were deprived of water for 24 hr. On the 3rd
day, contrast media were administered to groups CM and CM+carnitine. L-carnitine was
administered on days 2, 3 and 4. Histopathological changes were evaluated in the right
kidney after euthanization. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and
glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in renal, liver, heart,
spleen and lung tissues. The SOD activities in the renal (P<0.05),
liver (P<0.001) and spleen (P<0.05) tissues were
increased in the carnitine group. The CAT activities in the spleen tissue were decreased
(P<0.01) only in the CM group. Renal (P<0.05),
liver (P<0.001), spleen (P<0.001) and lung tissue
(P<0.01) GSH levels were found to be higher in the carnitine group.
In renal, liver and lung tissues, the MDA levels increased in the CM group
(P<0.001). The histopathological findings showed that L-carnitine
may have a preventative effect in alleviating the negative effects of CIN. Similar to
this, L-carnitine may play a major role in the stability of the antioxidant status in the
kidney, liver, spleen and lung of the CIN rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Boyacioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Leoncini M, Toso A, Maioli M, Tropeano F, Bellandi F. Statin treatment before percutaneous cononary intervention. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:335-42. [PMID: 23825770 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) improves short-and-long term prognosis in high-risk patients with stable coronary artery disease and in those with acute coronary syndrome and their use is strongly recommended for secondary prevention. Moreover, recent data suggest that statin pre-treatment is associated with a better short- and long-term outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Current guidelines for coronary revascularization recommend the use of high-dose of statins before percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction in statin naïve patients (class IIa A) and in those on chronic statin therapy (class IIa B). However, the beneficial clinical effects elicited by statins in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty may arise not only from a cardiac protection against periprocedural myocardial injury but also from a renal protection against acute kidney injury caused by iodinated contrast media. Actually, statins exert multiple non-lipid lowering (pleiotropic) effects, including improved endothelial function, reduced inflammatory and immuno-modulatory processes, oxidative stress and platelet adhesion, that may contribute to both cardio- and nephro-protection even in the short-term.
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Simvastatin attenuates contrast-induced nephropathy through modulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:831748. [PMID: 23097681 PMCID: PMC3474278 DOI: 10.1155/2012/831748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Contrast media- (CM-) induced nephropathy is a serious complication of radiodiagnostic procedures. Available data suggests that the development of prophylaxis strategies is limited by poor understanding of pathophysiology of CM-induced nephropathy. Present study was designed to determine the role of oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of iohexol model of nephropathy and its modification with simvastatin (SSTN). Adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. After 24 h of water deprivation, all the rats except in control and SSTN-only groups were injected (10 ml/kg) with 25% glycerol. After 30 min, SSTN (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) was administered orally, daily for 4 days. Twenty-four hours after the glycerol injection, iohexol was infused (8 ml/kg) through femoral vein over a period of 2 min. All the animals were sacrificed on day 5 and blood and kidneys were collected for biochemical and histological studies. The results showed that SSTN dose dependently attenuated CM-induced rise of creatinine, urea, and structural abnormalities suggesting its nephroprotective effect. A significant increase in oxidative stress (increased lipid hydroperoxides and reduced glutathione levels) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and decreased nitric oxide in CM group were reversed by SSTN. These findings support the use of SSTN to combat CM-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Li W, Fu X, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Z, Wang X, Geng W, Gu X, Hao G, Jiang Y, Fan W, Wu W, Li S. Beneficial effects of high-dose atorvastatin pretreatment on renal function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiology 2012; 122:195-202. [PMID: 22854323 DOI: 10.1159/000339472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether preprocedural high-dose atorvastatin decreases the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and protects the renal function after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS Statin-naive patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency PCI (n = 161) randomly received atorvastatin (80 mg, n = 78, ATOR group) or placebo [n = 83, control (CON) group] followed by long-term atorvastatin (40 mg/day). The primary end point was incidence of CIN. RESULTS In the ATOR group, 2.6% of the patients developed CIN versus 15.7% in the CON group (p = 0.01). In the ATOR group, postprocedural serum creatinine was significantly lower (93.4 ± 17.1 vs. 112.6 ± 23.3 µmol/l at 48 h and 84.2 ± 14.2 vs. 95.3 ± 17.7 µmol/l at 72 h, both p < 0.0001) and in the CON group, peak serum cystatin C was lower (0.51 ± 0.14 vs. 0.61 ± 0.13 mg/l, p < 0.0001). Atorvastatin pretreatment was independently associated with a decreased risk of CIN (OR 0.084, 95% CI 0.015-0.462, p = 0.004). The proportion of alanine aminotransferase > 3 × upper limit of the normal value within 1 month was 3.85 versus 1.20% (ATOR vs. CON group, p = 0.57). CONCLUSION Preprocedural high-dose atorvastatin prevents CIN and protects the renal function in patients with acute STEMI undergoing emergency PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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Gazzerro P, Proto MC, Gangemi G, Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, Pisanti S, Santoro A, Laezza C, Bifulco M. Pharmacological actions of statins: a critical appraisal in the management of cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 64:102-46. [PMID: 22106090 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, are cholesterol-lowering agents used to manage and prevent cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases. Recently, a multifaceted action in different physiological and pathological conditions has been also proposed for statins, beyond anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Statins have been shown to act through cholesterol-dependent and -independent mechanisms and are able to affect several tissue functions and modulate specific signal transduction pathways that could account for statin pleiotropic effects. Typically, statins are prescribed in middle-aged or elderly patients in a therapeutic regimen covering a long life span during which metabolic processes, aging, and concomitant novel diseases, including cancer, could occur. In this context, safety, toxicity, interaction with other drugs, and the state of health have to be taken into account in subjects treated with statins. Some evidence has shown a dichotomous effect of statins with either cancer-inhibiting or -promoting effects. To date, clinical trials failed to demonstrate a reduced cancer occurrence in statin users and no sufficient data are available to define the long-term effects of statin use over a period of 10 years. Moreover, results from clinical trials performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of statins in cancer did not suggest statin use as chemotherapeutic or adjuvant agents. Here, we reviewed the pharmacology of the statins, providing a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of their effects on tissues, biological processes, and pathological conditions, and we dissected the disappointing evidence on the possible future use of statin-based drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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High-Dose Statin Pretreatment for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27:851-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pappy R, Stavrakis S, Hennebry TA, Abu-Fadel MS. Effect of statin therapy on contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography: A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2011; 151:348-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patti G, Ricottini E, Nusca A, Colonna G, Pasceri V, D'Ambrosio A, Montinaro A, Di Sciascio G. Short-term, high-dose Atorvastatin pretreatment to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (from the ARMYDA-CIN [atorvastatin for reduction of myocardial damage during angioplasty--contrast-induced nephropathy] trial. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:1-7. [PMID: 21529740 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) impairs clinical outcome in patients undergoing angiographic procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term high-dose atorvastatin load decreases the incidence of CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Statin-naive patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI (n = 241) randomly received atorvastatin (80 mg 12 hours before intervention with another 40-mg preprocedure dose, n = 120) or placebo (n = 121). All patients had long-term atorvastatin treatment thereafter (40 mg/day). Primary end point was incidence of CIN defined as postintervention increase in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dl or >25% from baseline. Five percent of patients in the atorvastatin arm developed CIN versus 13.2% of those in the placebo arm (p = 0.046). In the atorvastatin group, postprocedure serum creatinine was significantly lower (1.06 ± 0.35 vs 1.12 ± 0.27 mg/dl in placebo, p = 0.01), creatinine clearance was decreased (80.1 ± 32.2 vs 72.0 ± 26.6 ml/min, p = 0.034), and C-reactive protein peak levels after intervention were decreased (8.4 ± 10.5 vs 13.1 ± 20.8 mg/l, p = 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that atorvastatin pretreatment was independently associated with a decreased risk of CIN (odds ratios 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.97, p = 0.043). Prevention of CIN with atorvastatin was paralleled by a shorter hospital stay (p = 0.007). In conclusion, short-term pretreatment with high-dose atorvastatin load prevents CIN and shortens hospital stay in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI; anti-inflammatory effects may be involved in this renal protection. These results lend further support to early use of high-dose statins as adjuvant pharmacologic therapy before percutaneous coronary revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Lu Y, Wu B, Zhang S, Jiang H, Ge J, Chen H. Efficacy of statin pretreatment for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:624-30. [PMID: 21489086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury. Whether additional benefits can be achieved with the use of statin in decreasing the risk of CIN remains undetermined. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of statin pretreatment for the prevention of CIN. PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and EBM Reviews databases were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing statin pretreatment with non-statin pretreatment for the prevention of CIN. Two reviewers independently assessed studies and performed data extraction. Risk ratio (RR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Four trials with 751 subjects were included. Pooled analyses showed that the incidence of CIN was not significantly lower in statin pretreatment group, as compared with control group (RR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.44-1.29, p = 0.30). Similarly, none of 276 patients in statin pretreatment group needed renal replacement therapy (RRT), which was not significantly less than 2 of 275 patients assigned to control group during 1-month follow up (RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.03-3.17, p = 0.34). Moreover, statin pretreatment was associated with mild reduction of serum creatinine (SCr) (WMD = -0.06 mg/dl, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.00 mg/dl, p = 0.05). The current cumulative evidence suggests that statin pretreatment may neither prevent CIN nor reduce the need for RRT. However, it may slightly decrease the level of SCr.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Shen LH, Hu LH, He B. Statins for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol 2011; 33:344-51. [PMID: 21430372 DOI: 10.1159/000326269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective and prospective studies have demonstrated that statins have a protective effect in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), but there are currently no established guidelines for statin timing or dosage. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine whether statin administration is protective and the magnitude of their effect. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI and ISI Proceedings for cohort studies comparing the CIN incidence in a chronic statin pretreatment group and a statin-naïve group, as well as for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing short-term high-dose to short-term low-dose statin treatment or placebo. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine >25% or 0.5 mg/dl (44.2 μmol/l). Qualitative analysis of cohort studies and quantitative analysis of RCTs to estimate pooled risk ratios were performed. RESULTS Among 6 cohort studies, 4 showed chronic statin pretreatment had a preventive effect against CIN. From 6 RCTs, 1,194 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Under the fixed-effects model, a nonsignificant protective trend toward decreased incidence of CIN with periprocedural short-term high-dose statin treatment was seen (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.48-1.02). CONCLUSION Current data are not conclusive to whether statins are protective for CIN due to the inherent limitations of the included studies. In the future, large well-designed studies are needed to address the effect of this drug and its longer-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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Muñoz MA, Maxwell PR, Green K, Hughes DW, Talbert RL. Pravastatin versus simvastatin for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 16:376-9. [PMID: 21386035 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410394362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with long-term morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. It has been suggested that statins have pleiotropic effects countering inflammatory and oxidative stress involved in CIN. Several studies support this theory; however, previously published studies have not evaluated the potential differences between statins in reducing the incidence of CIN. The purpose of this retrospective, single-center trial was to compare the incidence of CIN in patients receiving simvastatin or pravastatin therapy undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 261 patients were included (145 received simvastatin and 116 received pravastatin) with the majority undergoing elective PCI. The population was predominantly male (65%), Hispanic (65%), and diabetic (62%), with a mean age of 59 years and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 85 mg/dL. No significant differences were found between groups for risk factors or prophylactic strategies (eg, hydration). Contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 26 patients (17.9%) in the simvastatin group versus 10 (8.6%) in the pravastatin group (P < .05). No patients required dialysis as a result of contrast administration. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 21 patients (14.5%) in the simvastatin group compared to 8 (6.9%) in the pravastatin group (P < .05). In multivariate analysis, the difference between statins remained an independent predictor for the development of CIN. In conclusion, patients on pravastatin had a significantly lower incidence of CIN compared to patients on simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Muñoz
- Department of Pharmacy, University Health System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Prevention of contrast-induced impairment of renal function by short-term or long-term statin therapy in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2010; 21:750-7. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32834014a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Paraskevas KI, Giannoukas AD, Kotsikoris I, Mikhailidis DP. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and the Vascular Patient. Angiology 2010; 61:721-3. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319710379110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK,
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Loh Y, McArthur DL, Vespa P, Shi ZS, Liebeskind DS, Jahan R, Gonzalez NR, Starkman S, Saver JL, Tateshima S, Duckwiler GR, Viñuela F. The risk of acute radiocontrast-mediated kidney injury following endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke is low. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1584-7. [PMID: 20522566 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endovascular therapy is an alternative for the treatment of AIS resulting from large intracranial arterial occlusions that depends on the use of iodinated RCM. The risk of RCM-mediated AKI following endovascular therapy for AIS may be different from that following coronary interventions because patients may not have identical risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS All consecutive patients with large-vessel AIS undergoing endovascular therapy were prospectively recorded. We recorded the baseline kidney function, and RCM-AKI was assessed according to the AKIN criteria at 48 hours after RCM administration. We compared the rate of RCM-AKI 48 hours after the procedure and sought to determine whether any preexisting factors increased the risk of RCM-AKI. RESULTS We identified 99 patients meeting inclusion criteria. The average volume of contrast was 189 ± 71 mL, and the average creatinine change was -4.6% at 48 hours postangiography. There were 3 patients with RCM-AKI. Although all 3 patients died as a result of their strokes, return to baseline creatinine levels occurred before death. There was a trend toward higher rates of premorbid diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, preadmission statin and NSAID use, and a higher serum creatinine level on admission for the RCM-AKI group. The volume of procedural contrast was similar between groups (those with and those without RCM-AKI) (P = .5). CONCLUSIONS In this small study, the rate of RCM-AKI following endovascular intervention for AIS was very low. A much larger study is required to determine its true incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ozhan H, Erden I, Ordu S, Aydin M, Caglar O, Basar C, Yalcin S, Alemdar R. Efficacy of short-term high-dose atorvastatin for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Angiology 2010; 61:711-4. [PMID: 20395226 DOI: 10.1177/0003319710364216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with increased morbidity, extended hospital stay, and higher costs. We compared an atorvastatin plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) regimen with NAC alone in patients undergoing coronary angiography. A total of 130 patients (mean age 54 +/- 10; 77 men) undergoing coronary angiography were studied. Seven CIN cases occurred in the NAC group and 2 in the atorvastatin + NAC group; this difference was not significant. Baseline mean creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were similar between the 2 groups, whereas after the procedure there was a significant creatinine decrease and eGFR increase in the atorvastatin + NAC group. Change in creatinine (baseline creatinine-creatinine after the procedure) was also significantly higher in patients taking statin plus NAC. Atorvastatin may be effective in protecting patients undergoing coronary angiography from CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ozhan
- Department of Cardiology, Duzce University Düzce Medical School, Konuralp Düzce, Turkey.
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