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Tricuspid Valve Replacement in a Patient with a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker: Current Guidelines and Recommendations for Perioperative Management. Case Rep Anesthesiol 2021; 2021:5559830. [PMID: 34306763 PMCID: PMC8266474 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5559830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leadless cardiac pacemakers were developed to reduce complications associated with conventional transvenous pacemakers. While this technology is still relatively new, devices are increasingly being implanted. The perioperative management of patients with these devices has been underreported; we thus seek to add to the limited body of knowledge of perioperative management of patients with leadless cardiac pacemakers. An elderly female patient with a Micra VR transcatheter pacing system leadless cardiac pacemaker placed for tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome with intermittent complete heart block was scheduled for elective tricuspid valve replacement for severe tricuspid regurgitation. Pacemaker interrogation was performed several hours prior to the scheduled surgery based on the electrophysiologist's availability; the device was kept in its programmed VVIR mode, and the base rate was increased from 60 to 80 beats per minute in anticipation of the upcoming surgery. Upon preoperative evaluation, the anesthesiologist asked that the electrophysiology team be placed on standby intraoperatively due to the concern that either oversensing in the setting of pacemaker dependence and/or undesirable tachycardia from rate-responsive pacing could occur. The surgeon used monopolar electrocautery for the duration of the cardiac surgery. Despite the patient having evidence of pacemaker dependence in the intensive care unit preoperatively, no electromagnetic interference leading to oversensing nor rate modulation was detected during intraoperative electrocardiographic and intraarterial invasive monitoring. Evidence-based guidelines regarding perioperative management specifically of leadless cardiac pacemakers do not exist. As these devices become more prevalent, further evaluation will be paramount to determine whether existing guidelines for perioperative management of conventional transvenous pacemakers apply.
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Sideris S, Archontakis S, Dilaveris P, Gatzoulis KA, Trachanas K, Sotiropoulos I, Arsenos P, Tousoulis D, Kallikazaros I. Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers: Current status of a modern approach in pacing. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:403-410. [PMID: 28529181 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first transvenous pacemaker implantation, which took place 50 years ago, important progress has been achieved in pacing technology. Consequently, at present, more than 700,000 pacemakers are implanted annually worldwide. However, conventional pacemakers' implantation has a non-negligible risk of periprocedural and long-term complications associated with the transvenous leads and pacemaker pocket. Recently, leadless pacing systems have emerged as a therapeutic alternative to conventional pacing systems that provide therapy for patients with bradyarrhythmias, while eliminating potential transvenous lead- and pacemaker pocket-related complications. Initial studies have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety of currently developed leadless pacing systems, compared to transvenous pacemakers. In the present paper, we review the current evidence and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of this novel technology. New technological advances may allow the next generation of leadless pacemakers to further expand, thereby offering a wireless cardiac pacing in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skevos Sideris
- State Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Archontakis
- First Cardiology Division, University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Polychronis Dilaveris
- First Cardiology Division, University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Gatzoulis
- First Cardiology Division, University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Trachanas
- State Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Sotiropoulos
- State Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Arsenos
- First Cardiology Division, University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Division, University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kallikazaros
- State Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, 114 Vasilisis Sofias Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
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Fidalgo Andrés ML, Mont Girbau L, Lorente Carreño D, Pombo Jiménez M, Cano Pérez O, Martín Fernández J. Selection of the Best of 2016 on Cardiac Pacing: Leadless Pacing. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2017; 70:62-63. [PMID: 27908571 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Pombo Jiménez
- Unidad de Electrofisiología y Arritmias, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Cano Pérez
- Unidad de Estimulación Cardiaca, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
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Fidalgo Andrés ML, Mont Girbau L, Lorente Carreño D, Pombo Jiménez M, Cano Pérez O, Martín Fernández J. Selección de lo mejor del año 2016 en estimulación cardiaca: estimulación sin cables. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vassanelli S, Mahmud M. Trends and Challenges in Neuroengineering: Toward "Intelligent" Neuroprostheses through Brain-"Brain Inspired Systems" Communication. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:438. [PMID: 27721741 PMCID: PMC5034009 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Future technologies aiming at restoring and enhancing organs function will intimately rely on near-physiological and energy-efficient communication between living and artificial biomimetic systems. Interfacing brain-inspired devices with the real brain is at the forefront of such emerging field, with the term "neurobiohybrids" indicating all those systems where such interaction is established. We argue that achieving a "high-level" communication and functional synergy between natural and artificial neuronal networks in vivo, will allow the development of a heterogeneous world of neurobiohybrids, which will include "living robots" but will also embrace "intelligent" neuroprostheses for augmentation of brain function. The societal and economical impact of intelligent neuroprostheses is likely to be potentially strong, as they will offer novel therapeutic perspectives for a number of diseases, and going beyond classical pharmaceutical schemes. However, they will unavoidably raise fundamental ethical questions on the intermingling between man and machine and more specifically, on how deeply it should be allowed that brain processing is affected by implanted "intelligent" artificial systems. Following this perspective, we provide the reader with insights on ongoing developments and trends in the field of neurobiohybrids. We address the topic also from a "community building" perspective, showing through a quantitative bibliographic analysis, how scientists working on the engineering of brain-inspired devices and brain-machine interfaces are increasing their interactions. We foresee that such trend preludes to a formidable technological and scientific revolution in brain-machine communication and to the opening of new avenues for restoring or even augmenting brain function for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vassanelli
- NeuroChip Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
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Bisoni L, Mueller M, Cvancara P, Carboni C, Puddu R, Raffo L, Barbaro M, Stieglitz T. Investigation on the hermeticity of an implantable package with 32 feedthroughs for neural prosthetic applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:1967-1970. [PMID: 28268714 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an implantable package aimed at hosting a bidirectional neural interface for neural prosthetic applications. The package has been conceived to minimize the invasivity for the patient, for this reason a cylindrical container with an outer diameter of 7 mm and a length of 21 mm has been designed. The package, realized in alumina (Al2O3), presents 32 hermetic feedthroughs located at the top and bottom base of the cylinder. The hermetic housing has been assembled using a low-temperature soldering method based on a previous platinum/gold (Pt/Au) metallization of the ceramic parts. The package's hermeticity has been successfully proved by means of in-vitro tests, exhibiting an increase in the inner relative humidity of 20 %RH over 75 days of observation.
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