1
|
Delgado KN, Montezuma-Rusca JM, Orbe IC, Caimano MJ, La Vake CJ, Luthra A, Hennelly CM, Nindo FN, Meyer JW, Jones LD, Parr JB, Salazar JC, Moody MA, Radolf JD, Hawley KL. Extracellular Loops of the Treponema pallidum FadL Orthologs TP0856 and TP0858 Elicit IgG Antibodies and IgG +-Specific B-Cells in the Rabbit Model of Experimental Syphilis. mBio 2022; 13:e0163922. [PMID: 35862766 PMCID: PMC9426418 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01639-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of syphilis in the new millennium has called attention to the importance of a vaccine for global containment strategies. Studies with immune rabbit serum (IRS) indicate that a syphilis vaccine should elicit antibodies (Abs) that promote opsonophagocytosis of treponemes by activated macrophages. The availability of three-dimensional models for Treponema pallidum's (Tp) repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) provides an architectural framework for identification of candidate vaccinogens with extracellular loops (ECLs) as the targets for protective Abs. Herein, we used Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin (PfTrx) as a scaffold to display Tp OMP ECLs to interrogate sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from immune rabbits for ECL-specific Abs and B cells. We validated this approach using a PfTrx scaffold presenting ECL4 from BamA, a known opsonic target. Using scaffolds displaying ECLs of the FadL orthologs TP0856 and TP0858, we determined that ECL2 and ECL4 of both proteins are strongly antigenic. Comparison of ELISA and immunoblot results suggested that the PfTrx scaffolds present conformational and linear epitopes. We then used the FadL ECL2 and ECL4 PfTrx constructs as "hooks" to confirm the presence of ECL-specific B cells in PBMCs from immune rabbits. Our results pinpoint immunogenic ECLs of two newly discovered OMPs, while advancing the utility of the rabbit model for circumventing bottlenecks in vaccine development associated with large-scale production of folded OMPs. They also lay the groundwork for production of rabbit monoclonal Abs (MAbs) to characterize potentially protective ECL epitopes at the atomic level. IMPORTANCE Recent identification and structural modeling of Treponema pallidum's (Tp) repertoire of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) represent a critical breakthrough in the decades long quest for a syphilis vaccine. However, little is known about the antigenic nature of these β-barrel-forming OMPs and, more specifically, their surface exposed regions, the extracellular loops (ECLs). In this study, using Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin (PfTrx) as a scaffold to display Tp OMP ECLs, we interrogated immune rabbit sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the presence of antibodies (Abs) and circulating rare antigen-specific B cells. Our results pinpoint immunogenic ECLs of two newly discovered OMPs, while advancing the utility of the rabbit model for surveying the entire Tp OMPeome for promising OMP vaccinogens. This work represents a major advancement toward characterizing potentially protective OMP ECLs and future vaccine studies. Additionally, this strategy could be applied to OMPs of nonspirochetal bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jairo M Montezuma-Rusca
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabel C Orbe
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melissa J Caimano
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carson J La Vake
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amit Luthra
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher M Hennelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fredrick N Nindo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob W Meyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jonathan B Parr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan C Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin D Radolf
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly L Hawley
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marsay L, Dold C, Paterson GK, Yamaguchi Y, Derrick JP, Chan H, Feavers IM, Maiden MCJ, Wyllie D, Hill AV, Pollard AJ, Rollier CS. Viral vectors expressing group B meningococcal outer membrane proteins induce strong antibody responses but fail to induce functional bactericidal activity. J Infect 2022; 84:658-667. [PMID: 35245584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenoviral vectored vaccines, with the appropriate gene insert, induce cellular and antibody responses against viruses, parasites and intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here we explored their capacity to induce functional antibody responses to meningococcal transmembrane outer membrane proteins. METHODS Vectors expressing porin A and ferric enterobactin receptor A antigens were generated, and their immunogenicity assessed in mice using binding and bactericidal assays. RESULTS The viral vectors expressed the bacterial proteins in an in vitro cell-infection assay and, after immunisation of mice, induced higher titres (>105 end-point titre) and longer lasting (>32 weeks) transgene-specific antibody responses in vivo than did outer membrane vesicles containing the same antigens. However, bactericidal antibodies, which are the primary surrogate of protection against meningococcus, were undetectable, despite different designs to support the presentation of the protective B-cell epitopes. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that, while the transmembrane bacterial proteins expressed by the viral vector induced strong and persistent antigen-specific antibodies, this platform failed to induce bactericidal antibodies. The results suggest that conformation or post-translational modifications of bacterial outer membrane antigens produced in eukaryote cells might not result in presentation of the necessary epitopes for induction of functional antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Marsay
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin K Paterson
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko Yamaguchi
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Chan
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Feavers
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Wyllie
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V Hill
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Christine S Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, CCVTM, Churchill Lane, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom; Section of Immunology, Department of Biochemical sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Dorothy Hodgkin Building (AY), Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kodali P, Schoeder CT, Schmitz S, Crowe JE, Meiler J. RosettaCM for antibodies with very long HCDR3s and low template availability. Proteins 2021; 89:1458-1472. [PMID: 34176159 PMCID: PMC8492515 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-antigen co-crystal structures are a valuable resource for the fundamental understanding of antibody-mediated immunity. Determination of structures with antibodies in complex with their antigens, however, is a laborious task without guarantee of success. Therefore, homology modeling of antibodies and docking to their respective antigens has become a very important technique to drive antibody and vaccine design. The quality of the antibody modeling process is critical for the success of these endeavors. Here, we compare different computational protocols for predicting antibody structure from sequence in the biomolecular modeling software Rosetta-all of which use multiple existing antibody structures to guide modeling. Specifically, we compare protocols developed solely to predict antibody structure (RosettaAntibody, AbPredict) with a universal homology modeling protocol (RosettaCM). Following recent advances in homology modeling with multiple templates simultaneously, we propose that the use of multiple templates over the same antibody regions may improve modeling performance. To evaluate whether multi-template comparative modeling with RosettaCM can improve the modeling accuracy of antibodies over existing methods, this study compares the performance of the three modeling algorithms when modeling human antibodies taken from antibody-antigen co-crystal structures. In these benchmarking experiments, RosettaCM outperformed other methods when modeling antibodies with long HCDR3s and few available templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kodali
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samuel Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, University Leipzig Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang L, Xie X, Li J, Persson E, Huang M. Crystal structure, epitope, and functional impact of an antibody against a superactive FVIIa provide insights into allosteric mechanism. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019; 3:412-419. [PMID: 31294329 PMCID: PMC6611371 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) plays its critical physiological role in the initiation of hemostasis. Even so, recombinant FVIIa is successfully used as a bypassing agent for factor VIII or IX in the treatment of bleeds in patients with severe hemophilia with inhibitors. To investigate the utility of more potent FVIIa variants with enhanced intrinsic activity, molecules such as V21D/E154V/M156Q-FVIIa (FVIIaDVQ) were designed. METHODS Surface plasmon resonance was used to characterize the binding of mAb4F5 to FVIIaDVQ and related variants. X-ray crystallography was used to determine the structure of the Fab fragment of mAb4F5 (Fab4F5). Molecular docking and small angle X-ray scattering led to a model of FVIIaDVQ:Fab4F5 complex. RESULTS The binding experiments, functional effects on FVIIaDVQ and structure of mAb4F5 (originally intended for quantification of FVIIaDVQ in samples containing FVII(a)) pinpointed the epitope (crucial role for residue Asp21) and shed light on the role of the N-terminus of the protease domain in FVIIa allostery. The potential antigen-combining sites are composed of 1 hydrophobic and 1 negatively charged pocket formed by 6 complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops. Structural analysis of Fab4F5 shows that the epitope interacts with the periphery of the hydrophobic pocket and provides insights into the molecular basis of mAb4F5 recognition and tight binding of FVIIaDVQ. CONCLUSION The binary complex explains and supports the selectivity and functional consequences of Fab4F5 association with FVIIaDVQ and illustrates the potentially unique antigenicity of this FVIIa variant. This will be useful in the design of less immunogenic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longguang Jiang
- College of ChemistryNational & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic TechnologiesFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xie Xie
- College of ChemistryNational & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic TechnologiesFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of ChemistryNational & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic TechnologiesFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Egon Persson
- Haemophilia BiologyNovo Nordisk A/SNovo Nordisk ParkMåløv, Denmark
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of ChemistryNational & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic TechnologiesFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. However, this is often hindered by antigenic diversity and difficulties encountered manufacturing membrane proteins. Here we show how to use structure-based design to develop chimeric antigens (ChAs) for subunit vaccines. ChAs are generated against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB), the predominant cause of meningococcal disease in wealthy countries. MenB ChAs exploit factor H binding protein (fHbp) as a molecular scaffold to display the immunogenic VR2 epitope from the integral membrane protein PorA. Structural analyses demonstrate fHbp is correctly folded and the PorA VR2 epitope adopts an immunogenic conformation. In mice, immunisation with ChAs generates fHbp and PorA antibodies that recognise the antigens expressed by clinical MenB isolates; these antibody responses correlate with protection against meningococcal disease. Application of ChAs is therefore a potentially powerful approach to develop multivalent subunit vaccines, which can be tailored to circumvent pathogen diversity. Factor H binding protein (fHbp) and PorA are components of experimental serogroup B N. meningitidis vaccines. Here the authors graft the VR2 loop of PorA onto an fHBp-based scaffold to demonstrate proof-of-principle of a chimeric antigen strategy and vaccination against meningococcal disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
López-Sagaseta J, Beernink PT, Bianchi F, Santini L, Frigimelica E, Lucas AH, Pizza M, Bottomley MJ. Crystal structure reveals vaccine elicited bactericidal human antibody targeting a conserved epitope on meningococcal fHbp. Nat Commun 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 29410413 PMCID: PMC5802752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Data obtained recently in the United Kingdom following a nationwide infant immunization program against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) reported >80% 4CMenB vaccine-mediated protection. Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is a meningococcal virulence factor and a component of two new MenB vaccines. Here, we investigated the structural bases underlying the fHbp-dependent protective antibody response in humans, which might inform future antigen design efforts. We present the co-crystal structure of a human antibody Fab targeting fHbp. The vaccine-elicited Fab 1A12 is cross-reactive and targets an epitope highly conserved across the repertoire of three naturally occurring fHbp variants. The free Fab structure highlights conformational rearrangements occurring upon antigen binding. Importantly, 1A12 is bactericidal against MenB strains expressing fHbp from all three variants. Our results reveal important immunological features potentially contributing to the broad protection conferred by fHbp vaccination. Our studies fuel the rationale of presenting conserved protein epitopes when developing broadly protective vaccines. Factor H binding protein (fHbp) is a meningococcal virulence factor and a component of vaccines against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. Here, the authors characterize the vaccine-elicited human antibody Fab 1A12 and present both the free and the fHbp-bound Fab 1A12 crystal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter T Beernink
- Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | | | - Laura Santini
- GSK Vaccines srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alexander H Lucas
- Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
An important regulatory mechanism of serine proteases is the proteolytic conversion of the inactive pro-enzyme, or zymogen, into the active enzyme. This activation process is generally considered an irreversible process. In the present study, we demonstrate that an active enzyme can be converted back into its zymogen form. We determined the crystal structure of uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) in complex with an inhibitory antibody, revealing that the antibody 'rezymogenizes' already activated uPA. The present study demonstrates a new regulatory mechanism of protease activity, which is also an extreme case of protein allostery. Mechanistically, the antibody binds a single surface-exposed loop, named the autolysis loop, thereby preventing the stabilization of uPA in its active conformation. We argue that this autolysis loop is a key structural element for rezymogenation of other proteases, and will be a new target site for pharmacological intervention with serine protease activity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vaccines. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7121664 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6486-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since vaccination was documented by Edward Jenner in 1798, it has become the most successful means of preventing infectious diseases, saving millions of lives every year. However, application of vaccines is currently not limited to the prevention of infectious diseases. Vaccines in the pipeline include anti-drug abuse vaccines (nicotine, cocaine) and vaccines against allergies, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vipond C, Care R, Feavers IM. History of meningococcal vaccines and their serological correlates of protection. Vaccine 2012; 30 Suppl 2:B10-7. [PMID: 22607894 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For over a hundred years Neisseria meningitidis has been known to be one of the major causes of bacterial meningitis. However, effective vaccines were not developed until the latter part of the 20th century. The first of these were based on purified high molecular weight capsular polysaccharides and more recently the development of glycoconjugate vaccines has made paediatric immunisation programmes possible. The prevention of group B meningococcal disease has remained a challenge throughout this period. This review charts the history of the development of meningococcal vaccines and the importance of serological correlates of protection in their evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vipond
- National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoogerhout P, Kamphuis W, Brugghe HF, Sluijs JA, Timmermans HAM, Westdijk J, Zomer G, Boog CJP, Hol EM, van den Dobbelsteen GPJM. A cyclic undecamer peptide mimics a turn in folded Alzheimer amyloid β and elicits antibodies against oligomeric and fibrillar amyloid and plaques. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19110. [PMID: 21526148 PMCID: PMC3079747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 39- to 42-residue amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is deposited in extracellular fibrillar plaques in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Vaccination with these peptides seems to be a promising approach to reduce the plaque load but results in a dominant antibody response directed against the N-terminus. Antibodies against the N-terminus will capture Aβ immediately after normal physiological processing of the amyloid precursor protein and therefore will also reduce the levels of non-misfolded Aβ, which might have a physiologically relevant function. Therefore, we have targeted an immune response on a conformational neo-epitope in misfolded amyloid that is formed in advance of Aβ-aggregation. A tetanus toxoid-conjugate of the 11-meric cyclic peptide Aβ(22-28)-YNGK' elicited specific antibodies in Balb/c mice. These antibodies bound strongly to the homologous cyclic peptide-bovine serum albumin conjugate, but not to the homologous linear peptide-conjugate, as detected in vitro by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antibodies also bound--although more weakly--to Aβ(1-42) oligomers as well as fibrils in this assay. Finally, the antibodies recognized Aβ deposits in AD mouse and human brain tissue as established by immunohistological staining. We propose that the cyclic peptide conjugate might provide a lead towards a vaccine that could be administered before the onset of AD symptoms. Further investigation of this hypothesis requires immunization of transgenic AD model mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoogerhout
- Department of Vaccinology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lomash S, Nagpal S, Salunke DM. An antibody as surrogate receptor reveals determinants of activity of an innate immune peptide antibiotic. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35750-8. [PMID: 20837490 PMCID: PMC2975199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.150516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery initiatives often depend critically on knowledge of ligand-receptor interactions. However, the identity or structure of the target receptor may not be known in every instance. The concept of receptor surrogate, a molecular environment mimic of natural receptor, may prove beneficial under such circumstances. Here, we demonstrate the potential of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to act as surrogate receptors for a class of innate immune peptide antibiotics, a strategy that can help comprehend their action mechanism and identify chemical entities crucial for activity. A panel of antibody surrogates was raised against indolicidin, a tryptophan-rich cationic broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide of innate immune origin. Employing an elegant combination of thermodynamics, crystallography, and molecular modeling, interactions of the peptide with a high affinity anti-indolicidin monoclonal antibody were analyzed and were used to identify a motif that contained almost the entire antibiotic activity of native indolicidin. The analysis clarified the interaction of the peptide with previously proposed targets such as bacterial cell membrane and DNA and could further be correlated with antimicrobial compounds whose actions involve varied other mechanisms. These features suggest a multipronged assault pathway for indolicidin. Remarkably, the anti-indolicidin mAb surrogate was able to isolate additional independent bactericidal sequences from a random peptide library, providing compelling evidence as to the physiological relevance of surrogate receptor concept and suggesting applications in receptor-based pharmacophore research.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anti-Infective Agents/immunology
- Anti-Infective Agents/metabolism
- Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/immunology
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/metabolism
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/drug effects
- Escherichia coli/growth & development
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Peptide Library
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
- Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development
- Thermodynamics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Lomash
- From the Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067 and
| | - Sushma Nagpal
- From the Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067 and
| | - Dinakar M. Salunke
- From the Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067 and
- the Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Gurgaon 122016, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ranieri DI, Hofstetter H, Hofstetter O. Computational structural analysis of an anti-L-amino acid antibody and inversion of its stereoselectivity. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1686-95. [PMID: 19472280 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The binding site of a monoclonal anti-L-amino acid antibody (anti-L-AA) was modeled using the program SWISS-MODEL. Docking experiments with the enantiomers of phenylalanine revealed that the antibody interacts with L-phenylalanine via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts, whereas the D-enantiomer is rejected due to steric hindrance. Comparison of the sequences of this antibody and an anti-D-amino acid antibody (anti-D-AA) indicates that both immunoglobulins derived from the same germline progenitor. Substitution of four amino acids residues, three in the framework and one in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs), allowed in silico conversion of the anti-L-AA into an antibody that stereoselectively binds D-phenylalanine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115-2862, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carotenuto A, Alcaro MC, Saviello MR, Peroni E, Nuti F, Papini AM, Novellino E, Rovero P. Designed Glycopeptides with Different β-Turn Types as Synthetic Probes for the Detection of Autoantibodies as Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5304-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800391y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Alcaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Saviello
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Peroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Nuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy, and Departments of Organic Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ranieri DI, Corgliano DM, Franco EJ, Hofstetter H, Hofstetter O. Investigation of the stereoselectivity of an anti-amino acid antibody using molecular modeling and ligand docking. Chirality 2008; 20:559-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
de Filippis I, de Andrade CF, Silva L, Prevots DR, Vicente ACP. PorA variable antigenic regions VR1, VR2, and VR3 of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B and C isolated in Brazil from 1999 to 2004. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3683-5. [PMID: 17502397 PMCID: PMC1932963 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01721-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high genetic diversity found among the PorA regions VR1 and VR2 of 101 Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients with meningococcal disease and healthy carriers in Brazil contrasts with the stability found in the PorA VR3 of these isolates. The presence of VR3 epitope variant 35 or 36 on the surfaces of 87% of the strains analyzed suggests that these antigens should be considered for inclusion in new formulations of vaccines against serogroup B meningococci in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano de Filippis
- National Institute for Quality Control of Health, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|