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Fratini F, Macchia G, Torreri P, Matteucci A, Salzano AM, Crescenzi M, Macioce P, Petrucci TC, Ceccarini M. Phosphorylation on threonine 11 of β-dystrobrevin alters its interaction with kinesin heavy chain. FEBS J 2012; 279:4131-44. [PMID: 22978324 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dystrobrevin family members (α and β) are cytoplasmic components of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, a multimeric protein complex first isolated from skeletal muscle, which links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Dystrobrevin shares high homology with the cysteine-rich and C-terminal domains of dystrophin and a common domain organization. The β-dystrobrevin isoform is restricted to nonmuscle tissues, serves as a scaffold for signaling complexes, and may participate in intracellular transport through its interaction with kinesin heavy chain. We have previously characterized the molecular determinants affecting the β-dystrobrevin-kinesin heavy chain interaction, among which is cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] phosphorylation of β-dystrobrevin. In this study, we have identified β-dystrobrevin residues phosphorylated in vitro by PKA with pull-down assays, surface plasmon resonance measurements, and MS analysis. Among the identified phosphorylated residues, we demonstrated, by site-directed mutagenesis, that Thr11 is the regulatory site for the β-dystrobrevin-kinesin interaction. As dystrobrevin may function as a signaling scaffold for kinases/phosphatases, we also investigated whether β-dystrobrevin is phosphorylated in vitro by kinases other than PKA. Thr11 was phosphorylated by protein kinase C, suggesting that this represents a key residue modified by the activation of different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fratini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Oh HJ, Abraham LS, van Hengel J, Stove C, Proszynski TJ, Gevaert K, DiMario JX, Sanes JR, van Roy F, Kim H. Interaction of α-catulin with dystrobrevin contributes to integrity of dystrophin complex in muscle. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21717-28. [PMID: 22577143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.369496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin complex is a multimolecular membrane-associated protein complex whose defects underlie many forms of muscular dystrophy. The dystrophin complex is postulated to function as a structural element that stabilizes the cell membrane by linking the contractile apparatus to the extracellular matrix. A better understanding of how this complex is organized and localized will improve our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases that involve the dystrophin complex. In a Caenorhabditis elegans genetic study, we demonstrate that CTN-1/α-catulin, a cytoskeletal protein, physically interacts with DYB-1/α-dystrobrevin (a component of the dystrophin complex) and that this interaction is critical for the localization of the dystrophin complex near dense bodies, structures analogous to mammalian costameres. We further show that in mouse α-catulin is localized at the sarcolemma and neuromuscular junctions and interacts with α-dystrobrevin and that the level of α-catulin is reduced in α-dystrobrevin-deficient mouse muscle. Intriguingly, in the skeletal muscle of mdx mice lacking dystrophin, we discover that the expression of α-catulin is increased, suggesting a compensatory role of α-catulin in dystrophic muscle. Together, our study demonstrates that the interaction between α-catulin and α-dystrobrevin is evolutionarily conserved in C. elegans and mammalian muscles and strongly suggests that this interaction contributes to the integrity of the dystrophin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun J Oh
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stability at the NMJ deficient in α-syntrophin in vivo. J Neurosci 2011; 31:15586-96. [PMID: 22031904 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4038-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Syntrophin (α-syn), a scaffold protein, links signaling molecules to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Absence of α-syn from the DGC is known to lead to structurally aberrant neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) with few acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) clustered at synaptic sites. Using α-syn knock-out mice, we show that during the first postnatal week, α-syn is not required for synapse formation. However, at postnatal day 6 (P6)-P7, the structural integrity of the postsynaptic apparatus is altered, the turnover rate of AChRs increases significantly, and the number/density of AChRs is impaired. At the adult α-syn(-/-) NMJ, the turnover rate of AChRs is ∼ 4 times faster than wild-type synapses, and most removed receptors are targeted to degradation as few AChRs recycled to synaptic sites. Biochemical analyses show that in muscle cells of adult knock-out α-syn mice, total AChRs and scaffold protein rapsyn are significantly reduced, the 89 kDa and 75 kDa isoforms of tyrosine phosphorylated α-dystrobrevin (α-dbn) 1 (which are required for the maintenance and stability of AChR in α-dbn(-/-) synapses) are barely detectable. Electroporation of GFP-α-dbn1 in α-syn(-/-) muscle cells partially restored receptor density, turnover rate, and the structural integrity of the postsynaptic apparatus, whereas expression of rapsyn-GFP failed to rescue the α-syn(-/-) synaptic phenotype. These results demonstrate that α-syn is required for the maturation and stability of the postsynaptic apparatus and suggest that α-syn may act via α-dbn1.
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Wang L, Brown A. A hereditary spastic paraplegia mutation in kinesin-1A/KIF5A disrupts neurofilament transport. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:52. [PMID: 21087519 PMCID: PMC3000839 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a group of neurological disorders characterized by progressive distal degeneration of the longest ascending and descending axons in the spinal cord, leading to lower limb spasticity and weakness. One of the dominantly inherited forms of this disease (spastic gait type 10, or SPG10) is caused by point mutations in kinesin-1A (also known as KIF5A), which is thought to be an anterograde motor for neurofilaments. RESULTS We investigated the effect of an SPG10 mutation in kinesin-1A (N256S-kinesin-1A) on neurofilament transport in cultured mouse cortical neurons using live-cell fluorescent imaging. N256S-kinesin-1A decreased both anterograde and retrograde neurofilament transport flux by decreasing the frequency of anterograde and retrograde movements. Anterograde velocity was not affected, whereas retrograde velocity actually increased. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal subtle complexities to the functional interdependence of the anterograde and retrograde neurofilament motors and they also raise the possibility that anterograde and retrograde neurofilament transport may be disrupted in patients with SPG10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology and Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Artegiani B, Labbaye C, Sferra A, Quaranta MT, Torreri P, Macchia G, Ceccarini M, Petrucci TC, Macioce P. The interaction with HMG20a/b proteins suggests a potential role for beta-dystrobrevin in neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24740-50. [PMID: 20530487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.090654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha and beta dystrobrevins are cytoplasmic components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex that are thought to play a role as scaffold proteins in signal transduction and intracellular transport. In the search of new insights into the functions of beta-dystrobrevin, the isoform restricted to non-muscle tissues, we performed a two-hybrid screen of a mouse cDNA library to look for interacting proteins. Among the positive clones, one encodes iBRAF/HMG20a, a high mobility group (HMG)-domain protein that activates REST (RE-1 silencing transcription factor)-responsive genes, playing a key role in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. We characterized the beta-dystrobrevin-iBRAF interaction by in vitro and in vivo association assays, localized the binding region of one protein to the other, and assessed the kinetics of the interaction as one of high affinity. We also found that beta-dystrobrevin directly binds to BRAF35/HMG20b, a close homologue of iBRAF and a member of a co-repressor complex required for the repression of neural specific genes in neuronal progenitors. In vitro assays indicated that beta-dystrobrevin binds to RE-1 and represses the promoter activity of synapsin I, a REST-responsive gene that is a marker for neuronal differentiation. Altogether, our data demonstrate a direct interaction of beta-dystrobrevin with the HMG20 proteins iBRAF and BRAF35 and suggest that beta-dystrobrevin may be involved in regulating chromatin dynamics, possibly playing a role in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Artegiani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
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Actin filaments and microtubule dual-granule transport in human adhered platelets: the role of alpha-dystrobrevins. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:124-36. [PMID: 20148881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Upon activation with physiological stimuli, human platelets undergo morphological changes, centralizing their organelles and secreting effector molecules at the site of vascular injury. Previous studies have indicated that the actin filaments and microtubules of suspension-activated platelets play a critical role in granule movement and exocytosis; however, the participation of these cytoskeleton elements in adhered platelets remains unexplored. alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin members of the dystrophin-associated protein complex in muscle and non-muscle cells have been described as motor protein receptors that might participate in the transport of cellular components in neurons. Recently, we characterized the expression of dystrobrevins in platelets; however, their functional diversity within this cellular model had not been elucidated. The present study examined the contribution of actin filaments and microtubules in granule trafficking during the platelet adhesion process using cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs, quantification of soluble P-selectin, fluorescence resonance transfer energy analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. Likewise, we assessed the interaction of alpha-dystrobrevins with the ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain. Our results strongly suggest that microtubules and actin filaments participate in the transport of alpha and dense granules in the platelet adhesion process, during which alpha-dystrobrevins play the role of regulatory and adaptor proteins that govern trafficking events.
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α-Dystrobrevin distribution and association with other proteins in human promyelocytic NB4 cells treated for granulocytic differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3001-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-9965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Synaptic alpha-dystrobrevin: localization of a short alpha-dystrobrevin isoform in melanin-concentrating hormone neurons of the hypothalamus. Brain Res 2008; 1201:52-9. [PMID: 18314094 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the two members of the dystrobrevin (DB) family in the adult brain was thought to be highly specific for the two main cell types: alpha-dystrobrevin (alpha-DB) and beta-dystrobrevin (beta-DB) has been identified as glial and neuronal proteins, respectively. In the present work we show that a subset of neurons in the hypothalamus contains alpha-DB. Comparative immunohistochemical studies with two alpha-DB antibodies of different specificity indicate that the neurons contain short alpha-DB isoform(s) alpha-DB-2 and/or alpha-DB-4. Immunoreactive multipolar or spindle-shaped neurons form clusters with bilateral symmetry, localized predominantly in the lateral hypothalamic area, with extensions into the zona incerta and the dorso-medial and ventro-medial hypothalamic region. alpha-DB immunoreactivity was localized in cell processes and at postsynaptic densities, furthermore in the endoplasmic reticulum within the perikarya. alpha-DB-positive neurons are beta-dystrobrevin immunoreactive, but alpha- and beta-DB do not co-localize with their usual molecular anchors like dystrophins or high molecular weight forms of utrophin. Colocalization with nNOS was also not observed. The pattern of alpha-DB immunoreactive neurons gave a perfect colocalization with melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons throughout the whole region studied. We propose that alpha-DB plays a role in a structure or regulation mechanism unique to MCH-expressing neurons.
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Ceccarini M, Grasso M, Veroni C, Gambara G, Artegiani B, Macchia G, Ramoni C, Torreri P, Mallozzi C, Petrucci TC, Macioce P. Association of Dystrobrevin and Regulatory Subunit of Protein Kinase A: A New Role for Dystrobrevin as a Scaffold for Signaling Proteins. J Mol Biol 2007; 371:1174-87. [PMID: 17610895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dystrophin-related and -associated protein dystrobrevin is a component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex, which directly links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. It is now thought that this complex also serves as a dynamic scaffold for signaling proteins, and dystrobrevin may play a role in this context. Since dystrobrevin involvement in signaling pathways seems to be dependent on its interaction with other proteins, we sought new insights and performed a two-hybrid screen of a mouse brain cDNA library using beta-dystrobrevin, the isoform expressed in non-muscle tissues, as bait. Among the positive clones characterized after the screen, one encodes the regulatory subunit RIalpha of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). We confirmed the interaction by in vitro and in vivo association assays, and mapped the binding site of beta-dystrobrevin on RIalpha to the amino-terminal region encompassing the dimerization/docking domain of PKA regulatory subunit. We also found that the domain of interaction for RIalpha is contained in the amino-terminal region of beta-dystrobrevin. We obtained evidence that beta-dystrobrevin also interacts directly with RIIbeta, and that not only beta-dystrobrevin but also alpha-dystrobrevin interacts with PKA regulatory subunits. We show that both alpha and beta-dystrobrevin are specific phosphorylation substrates for PKA and that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is associated with dystrobrevins. Our results suggest a new role for dystrobrevin as a scaffold protein that may play a role in different cellular processes involving PKA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ceccarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Rees MLJ, Lien CF, Górecki DC. Dystrobrevins in muscle and non-muscle tissues. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:123-34. [PMID: 17251025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The alpha- and beta-dystrobrevins belong to the family of dystrophin-related and dystrophin-associated proteins. As constituents of the dystrophin-associated protein complex, alpha-dystrobrevin was believed to have a role predominantly in muscles and beta-dystrobrevin in non-muscle tissues. Recent reports described novel localisations and molecular characteristics of alpha-dystrobrevin isoforms in non-muscle tissues (developing and adult). While single and double knockout studies have revealed distinct functions of dystrobrevin in some tissues, these also suggested a strong compensatory mechanism, where dystrobrevins displaying overlapping tissue expression pattern and structure/function similarity can substitute each other. No human disease has been unequivocally associated within mutations of dystrobrevin genes. However, some significant exceptions to these overlapping expression patterns, mainly in the brain, suggest that dystrobrevin mutations might underlie some specific motor, behavioural or cognitive defects. Dystrobrevin binding partner DTNBP1 (dysbindin) is a probable susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in some populations. As dysbindin abnormality is linked to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, dystrobrevins and/or their binding partners may also be required for proper function of other non-muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L J Rees
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
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Veroni C, Grasso M, Macchia G, Ramoni C, Ceccarini M, Petrucci TC, Macioce P. β-dystrobrevin, a kinesin-binding receptor, interacts with the extracellular matrix components pancortins. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:2631-9. [PMID: 17265465 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dystrobrevins (alpha and beta) are components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC), which links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and serves as a scaffold for signaling proteins. The precise functions of the beta-dystrobrevin isoform, which is expressed in nonmuscle tissues, have not yet been determined. To gain further insights into the role of beta-dystrobrevin in brain, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified pancortin-2 as a novel beta-dystrobrevin-binding partner. Pancortins-1-4 are neuron-specific olfactomedin-related glycoproteins, highly expressed during brain development and widely distributed in the mature cerebral cortex of the mouse. Pancortins are important constituents of the extracellular matrix and are thought to play an essential role in neuronal differentiation. We characterized the interaction between pancortin-2 and beta-dystrobrevin by in vitro and in vivo association assays and mapped the binding site of pancortin-2 on beta-dystrobrevin to amino acids 202-236 of the beta-dystrobrevin molecule. We also found that the domain of interaction for beta-dystrobrevin is contained in the B part of pancortin-2, a central region that is common to all four pancortins. Our results indicate that beta-dystrobrevin could interact with all members of the pancortin family, implying that beta-dystrobrevin may be involved in brain development. We suggest that dystrobrevin, a motor protein receptor that binds kinesin heavy chain, might play a role in intracellular transport of pancortin to specific sites in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Veroni
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Smith MJ, Pozo K, Brickley K, Stephenson FA. Mapping the GRIF-1 binding domain of the kinesin, KIF5C, substantiates a role for GRIF-1 as an adaptor protein in the anterograde trafficking of cargoes. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:27216-28. [PMID: 16835241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600522200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABAA) receptor interacting factor-1 (GRIF-1) and N-acetylglucosamine transferase interacting protein (OIP) 106 are both members of a newly identified coiled-coil family of proteins. They are kinesin-associated proteins proposed to function as adaptors in the anterograde trafficking of organelles to synapses. Here we have studied in more detail the interaction between the prototypic kinesin heavy chain, KIF5C, kinesin light chain, and GRIF-1. The GRIF-1 binding site of KIF5C was mapped using truncation constructs in yeast two-hybrid interaction assays, co-immunoprecipitations, and co-localization studies following expression in mammalian cells. Using these approaches, it was shown that GRIF-1 and the KIF5C binding domain of GRIF-1, GRIF-1-(124-283), associated with the KIF5C non-motor domain. Refined studies using yeast two-hybrid interactions and co-immunoprecipitations showed that GRIF-1 and GRIF-1-(124-283) associated with the cargo binding region within the KIF5C non-motor domain. Substantiation that the GRIF-1-KIF5C interaction was direct was shown by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses using fluorescently tagged GRIF-1 and KIF5C constructs. A significant fluorescence resonance energy transfer value was found between the C-terminal EYFP-tagged KIF5C and ECFP-GRIF-1, the C-terminal EYFP-tagged KIF5C non-motor domain and ECFP-GRIF-1, but not between the N-terminal EYFP-tagged KIF5C nor the EYFP-KIF5C motor domain and ECFP-GRIF-1, thus confirming direct association between the two proteins at the KIF5C C-terminal and GRIF-1 N-terminal regions. Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal imaging strategies further showed that GRIF-1 can bind to the tetrameric kinesin light-chain/kinesin heavy-chain complex. These findings support a role for GRIF-1 as a kinesin adaptor molecule requisite for the anterograde delivery of defined cargoes such as mitochondria and/or vesicles incorporating beta2 subunit-containing GABAA receptors, in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We identified 1113 articles (103 reviews, 1010 primary research articles) published in 2005 that describe experiments performed using commercially available optical biosensors. While this number of publications is impressive, we find that the quality of the biosensor work in these articles is often pretty poor. It is a little disappointing that there appears to be only a small set of researchers who know how to properly perform, analyze, and present biosensor data. To help focus the field, we spotlight work published by 10 research groups that exemplify the quality of data one should expect to see from a biosensor experiment. Also, in an effort to raise awareness of the common problems in the biosensor field, we provide side-by-side examples of good and bad data sets from the 2005 literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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