1
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Arya PK, Mandal P, Barik K, Singh DV, Kumar A. Computational evaluation of phytochemicals targeting DNA topoisomerase I in Leishmania donovani: molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8293-8306. [PMID: 37697722 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2256865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays a crucial role in resolving the topological constraints of supercoiled DNA during various cellular activities, including repair, replication, recombination, transcription, and chromatin remodeling. Multiple studies have confirmed the essential role of Topo I in nucleic acid metabolism of Leishmania donovani, the kinetoplastid parasite responsible for visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar. Inhibition of this enzyme has shown promise as a strategy for therapy against visceral leishmaniasis. However, current treatment options suffer from limitations related to effectiveness, cost, and side effects. To address these challenges, computational methods have been employed in this study to investigate the inhibition of Leishmania donovani DNA topoisomerase I (LdTopo I) by phytochemicals derived from Indian medicinal plants known for their anti-leishmanial activity. A library of phytochemicals and known inhibitors was assembled, and virtual screening based on docking binding affinities was conducted to identify potent phytochemical inhibitors. To assess the drug-likeness of the docked phytochemicals, their physicochemical properties were predicted. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on the docked complexes for a duration of 100 ns to evaluate their stability, intermolecular interactions, and dynamic behavior. Among all the docked phytochemicals, three compounds, namely CID23266147 (withanolide N), CID5488537 (fagopyrine), and CID100947536 (isozeylanone), exhibited the highest inhibitory potential against LdTopo I. These findings hold promise for the development of novel inhibitors targeting LdTopo I, which could potentially lead to improved therapies for visceral leishmaniasis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranabesh Mandal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Krishnendu Barik
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Durg Vijay Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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2
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González-Matos M, Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, Monzote L, González-Bacerio J. Compounds with potentialities as novel chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis at preclinical level. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108747. [PMID: 38518969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are neglected infectious diseases caused by kinetoplastid protozoan parasites from the genus Leishmania. These sicknesses are present mainly in tropical regions and almost 1 million new cases are reported each year. The absence of vaccines, as well as the high cost, toxicity or resistance to the current drugs determines the necessity of new treatments against these pathologies. In this review, several compounds with potentialities as new antileishmanial drugs are presented. The discussion is restricted to the preclinical level and molecules are organized according to their chemical nature, source and molecular targets. In this manner, we present antimicrobial peptides, flavonoids, withanolides, 8-aminoquinolines, compounds from Leish-Box, pyrazolopyrimidines, and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization/depolymerization, topoisomerase IB, proteases, pteridine reductase, N-myristoyltransferase, as well as enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, response against oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. This work is a contribution to the general knowledge of these compounds as antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Mirtha Elisa Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia Del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba.
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3
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Kour P, Saha P, Sharma DK, Singh K. DNA topoisomerases as a drug target in Leishmaniasis: Structural and mechanistic insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128401. [PMID: 38007027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, caused by a protozoan parasite, is among humanity's costliest banes, owing to the high mortality and morbidity ratio in poverty-stricken areas. To date, no vaccine is available for the complete cure of the disease. Current chemotherapy is expensive, has undesirable side effects, and faces drug resistance limitations and toxicity concerns. The substantial differences in homology between leishmanial DNA topoisomerase IB compared with the human counterparts provided a new lead in the study of the structural determinants that can be targeted. Several research groups explored this molecular target, trying to fill the therapeutic gap, and came forward with various anti-leishmanial scaffolds. This article is a comprehensive review of knowledge about topoisomerases as an anti-leishmanial drug target and their inhibitors collected over the years. In addition to information on molecular targets and reported scaffolds, the review details the structure-activity relationship of described compounds with leishmanial Topoisomerase IB. Moreover, the work also includes information about the structure of the inhibitors, showing common interacting residues with leishmanial topoisomerases that drive their mode of action towards them. Finally, in search of topoisomerase inhibitors at the stage of clinical trials, we have listed all the drugs that have been in clinical trials against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parampreet Kour
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Pallavi Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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Zeng H, Xie H, Ma Q, Zhuang Y, Luo B, Liao M, Nie H, He J, Tang Z, Zhang S. Identification of N-(3-(methyl(3-(orotic amido)propyl)amino)propyl) oleanolamide as a novel topoisomerase I catalytic inhibitor by rational design, molecular dynamics simulation, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106734. [PMID: 37473480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) catalytic inhibitors are a promising class of antitumor agents. Oleanolic acid derivatives are potential TOP1 catalytic inhibitors. However, their inhibitory activity still needs to be enhanced, and the stability and hotspot residue sites of their interaction with TOP1 remain to be elucidated. Herein, a novel oleanolic acid derivative, OA4 (N-(3-(methyl(3-(orotic amido)propyl)amino)propyl)oleanolamide), was identified by rational design. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the stability and conformational dynamics of the TOP1-OA4 complex. The molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area method calculated the binding free energy and predicted Arg488, Ile535, and His632 to be hotspot residues. Biological experiments verified that OA4 is a nonintercalative TOP1 catalytic inhibitor. OA4 exhibits better proliferation inhibitory activity against tumor cells than normal cells. Furthermore, OA4 can induce apoptosis and effectively suppress the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. This work provides new insights for the development of novel TOP1 catalytic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zeng
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Huasong Xie
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Qiaonan Ma
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Yuanbei Zhuang
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Baoping Luo
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Hua Nie
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Junwei He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhanyong Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shengyuan Zhang
- Institute of Hakka Medicinal Bio-resources, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514031, China.
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5
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Albino SL, da Silva Moura WC, dos Reis MML, Sousa GLS, da Silva PR, de Oliveira MGC, Borges TKDS, Albuquerque LFF, de Almeida SMV, de Lima MDCA, Kuckelhaus SAS, Nascimento IJDS, Junior FJBM, da Silva TG, de Moura RO. ACW-02 an Acridine Triazolidine Derivative Presents Antileishmanial Activity Mediated by DNA Interaction and Immunomodulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:204. [PMID: 37259353 PMCID: PMC9967605 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study proposed the synthesis of a novel acridine derivative not yet described in the literature, chemical characterization by NMR, MS, and IR, followed by investigations of its antileishmanial potential. In vitro assays were performed to assess its antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis strains and cytotoxicity against macrophages through MTT assay and annexin V-FITC/PI, and the ability to perform an immunomodulatory action using CBA. To investigate possible molecular targets, its interaction with DNA in vitro and in silico targets were evaluated. As results, the compound showed good antileishmanial activity, with IC50 of 6.57 (amastigotes) and 94.97 (promastigotes) µg mL-1, associated with non-cytotoxicity to macrophages (CC50 > 256.00 µg mL-1). When assessed by flow cytometry, 99.8% of macrophages remained viable. The compound induced an antileishmanial effect in infected macrophages and altered TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 expression, suggesting a slight immunomodulatory activity. DNA assay showed an interaction with the minor grooves due to the hyperchromic effect of 47.53% and Kb 1.17 × 106 M-1, and was sustained by docking studies. Molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA calculations propose cysteine protease B as a possible target. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the new compound is a promising molecule and contributes as a model for future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaly Lima Albino
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Willian Charles da Silva Moura
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Malu Maria Lucas dos Reis
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Gleyton Leonel Silva Sousa
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais, Sintéticos e Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Karla dos Santos Borges
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fraga Friaça Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Selma Aparecida Souza Kuckelhaus
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina—UnB, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro/Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Igor José dos Santos Nascimento
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
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6
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Goel N, Gupta VK, Garg A, Bhoumik A, Biswas R, Natarajan R, Majumder HK, Jaisankar P. Holanamine, a Steroidal Alkaloid from the Bark of Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don Inhibits the Growth of Leishmania donovani by Targeting DNA Topoisomerase 1B. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:162-177. [PMID: 36417798 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by about 20 species of obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which occurs in cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. Many researchers have sought to utilize natural products for novel and effective treatments to combat many infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don (Apocynaceae) bark is a rich source of bioactive steroidal alkaloids. The total alkaloidal extract (IC50 6.12 ± 0.117 μg/mL), and the isolated alkaloid, holanamine, showed significant antileishmanial activity (IC50 2.66 ± 0.112 μM against AG83 and 3.80 ± 0.126 μM against BHU-575) against the Leishmania donovani parasite, better than miltefosine (IC50 19.61 ± 0.093 μM against AG83 and 23.20 ± 0.094 μM against BHU-575). Holanamine inhibited the L. donovani topoisomerase 1B (LdToP1B) in a non-competitive manner (IC50 2.81 ± 0.105 μM), indicating that it interacts with the free enzyme and enzyme-DNA complex without inhibiting human topoisomerase. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions of holanamine with the N-terminal and hinge region of the large subunit of LTop1B is responsible for its potent antileishmanial activity, as shown by docking studies. Treatment with holanamine causes apoptotic-like cell death by generating cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing ultrastructural alterations in the promastigotes. Holanamine effectively clears intracellular amastigotes but minimally affects host macrophages with no significant cytotoxicity in HEK 293 and L929 cell lines. Thus, our studies show that holanamine can further be used to develop effective antileishmanial agents against evolving drug-resistant parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Goel
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata700054, India.,Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Aakriti Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata700054, India
| | - Arpita Bhoumik
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Raju Biswas
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
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7
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Lamba S, Roy A. DNA Topoisomerases in the Unicellular Protozoan Parasites: Unwinding the Mystery. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115158. [PMID: 35780829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are a group of enzymes present ubiquitously in all organisms from unicellular protozoan parasites to humans. These enzymes control the topological problems caused by DNA double helix in the cell during nucleic acid metabolism. Certain types of topoisomerases present in unicellular parasites are quite different from human topoisomerases (hTop) concerning structure, expression, and function. Many protozoan parasites causing fatal diseases have DNA topoisomerases, which play vital roles in their survival. Given the fact that the structures of the protozoan parasite topoisomerases are different from humans, DNA topoisomerase acts as an essential target for potent drug development for parasitic diseases. Moreover, various studies revealed the therapeutic potential of these drugs targeting the parasitic topoisomerases. Therefore, the characterization of parasitic topoisomerases is pivotal for the development of future potential drug targets. Considering the importance of this ubiquitous enzyme as a potential drug target, we describe in detail all the reported protozoan topoisomerases in an organized manner including Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Giardia, Entamoeba, Babesia, Theileria, Crithidia, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, etc. This review highlights the unique attributes associated with the structure and function of different types of DNA topoisomerases from the unicellular protozoan parasites. So, it would be beneficial for researchers to obtain awareness about the currently characterized topoisomerases and the ones that need better characterization, understand the structure-function relationship of parasitic topoisomerases, to develop the potent anti-parasitic drugs, and also provides a future platform for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Lamba
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune-411007, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune-411007, India.
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Seth A, Ghoshal A, Dewaker V, Rani A, Singh SP, Dutta M, Katiyar S, Singh SK, Rashid M, Wahajuddin M, Kar S, Srivastava AK. Discovery of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-pyrrolo[3,4- b]quinolin-1-one derivatives as possible antileishmanial agents. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:746-760. [PMID: 35814931 PMCID: PMC9215122 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of uniquely functionalized 2,3,-dihydro-1H-pyyrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-1-one derivatives were synthesized in one to two steps by utilizing a post-Ugi modification strategy and were evaluated for antileishmanial efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Among the library compounds, compound 5m exhibited potential in vitro antileishmanial activity (CC50 = 65.11 μM, SI = 7.79, anti-amastigote IC50 = 8.36 μM). In vivo antileishmanial evaluation of 5m demonstrated 56.2% inhibition in liver and 61.1% inhibition in spleen parasite burden in infected Balb/c mice (12.5 mg kg-1, i.p.). In vitro pharmacokinetic study ascertained the stability of 5m in both simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. All the active compounds passed the PAINS filter and showed no toxicity in in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Seth
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Anirban Ghoshal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Varun Dewaker
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ankita Rani
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sangh Priya Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mukul Dutta
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shivani Katiyar
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226031 Uttar Pradesh India
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9
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Takahashi DT, Gadelle D, Agama K, Kiselev E, Zhang H, Yab E, Petrella S, Forterre P, Pommier Y, Mayer C. Topoisomerase I (TOP1) dynamics: conformational transition from open to closed states. Nat Commun 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 35013228 PMCID: PMC8748870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic topoisomerases I (TOP1) are ubiquitous enzymes removing DNA torsional stress. However, there is little data concerning the three-dimensional structure of TOP1 in the absence of DNA, nor how the DNA molecule can enter/exit its closed conformation. Here, we solved the structure of thermostable archaeal Caldiarchaeum subterraneum CsTOP1 in an apo-form. The enzyme displays an open conformation resulting from one substantial rotation between the capping (CAP) and the catalytic (CAT) modules. The junction between these two modules is a five-residue loop, the hinge, whose flexibility permits the opening/closing of the enzyme and the entry of DNA. We identified a highly conserved tyrosine near the hinge as mediating the transition from the open to closed conformation upon DNA binding. Directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of the hinge flexibility, and linked the enzyme dynamics with sensitivity to camptothecin, a TOP1 inhibitor targeting the TOP1 enzyme catalytic site in the closed conformation. Topoisomerase I (TOP1) relaxes both positive and negative supercoils by nicking DNA and after rotation of the broken DNA strand closes the nick. Here, the authors present the DNA free crystal structure of TOP1 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldiarchaeum subterraneum in the open form and discuss the mechanism of how DNA enters the catalytic site of TOP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane T Takahashi
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France. .,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412, Illkirch, France.
| | - Danièle Gadelle
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Keli Agama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emilie Yab
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Petrella
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, F-75013, Paris, France.,ICube-UMR7357, CSTB, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Diotallevi A, Scalvini L, Buffi G, Pérez-Pertejo Y, De Santi M, Verboni M, Favi G, Magnani M, Lodola A, Lucarini S, Galluzzi L. Phenotype Screening of an Azole-bisindole Chemical Library Identifies URB1483 as a New Antileishmanial Agent Devoid of Toxicity on Human Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35699-35710. [PMID: 34984300 PMCID: PMC8717589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of a small library of azole-bisindoles for their antileishmanial potential, in terms of efficacy on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Nine compounds showed good activity on L. infantum MHOM/TN/80/IPT1 promastigotes with IC50 values ranging from 4 to 10 μM. These active compounds were also tested on human (THP-1, HEPG2, HaCaT, and human primary fibroblasts) and canine (DH82) cell lines. URB1483 was selected as the best compound, with no quantifiable cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, to test the efficacy on intracellular amastigotes. URB1483 significantly reduced the infection index of both human and canine macrophages with an effect comparable to the clinically used drug pentamidine. URB1483 emerges as a new anti-infective agent with remarkable antileishmanial activity and no cytotoxic effects on human and canine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diotallevi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | | | - Mauro De Santi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Michele Verboni
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Lucarini
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
- . Tel: +39 0722 303333
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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11
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Rosa-Teijeiro C, Wagner V, Corbeil A, d'Annessa I, Leprohon P, do Monte-Neto RL, Fernandez-Prada C. Three different mutations in the DNA topoisomerase 1B in Leishmania infantum contribute to resistance to antitumor drug topotecan. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:438. [PMID: 34454601 PMCID: PMC8399852 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolution of drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges in leishmaniasis and has prompted the need for new antileishmanial drugs. Repurposing of approved drugs is a faster and very attractive strategy that is gaining supporters worldwide. Different anticancer topoisomerase 1B (TOP1B) inhibitors have shown strong antileishmanial activity and promising selective indices, supporting the potential repurposing of these drugs. However, cancer cells and Leishmania share the ability to become rapidly resistant. The aim of this study was to complete a whole-genome exploration of the effects caused by exposure to topotecan in order to highlight the potential mechanisms deployed by Leishmania to favor its survival in the presence of a TOP1B inhibitor. Methods We used a combination of stepwise drug resistance selection, whole-genome sequencing, functional validation, and theoretical approaches to explore the propensity of and potential mechanisms deployed by three independent clones of L. infantum to resist the action of TOP1B inhibitor topotecan. Results We demonstrated that L. infantum is capable of becoming resistant to high concentrations of topotecan without impaired growth ability. No gene deletions or amplifications were identified from the next-generation sequencing data in any of the three resistant lines, ruling out the overexpression of efflux pumps as the preferred mechanism of topotecan resistance. We identified three different mutations in the large subunit of the leishmanial TOP1B (Top1BF187Y, Top1BG191A, and Top1BW232R). Overexpression of these mutated alleles in the wild-type background led to high levels of resistance to topotecan. Computational molecular dynamics simulations, in both covalent and non-covalent complexes, showed that these mutations have an effect on the arrangement of the catalytic pentad and on the interaction of these residues with surrounding amino acids and DNA. This altered architecture of the binding pocket results in decreased persistence of topotecan in the ternary complex. Conclusions This work helps elucidate the previously unclear potential mechanisms of topotecan resistance in Leishmania by mutations in the large subunit of TOP1B and provides a valuable clue for the design of improved inhibitors to combat resistance in both leishmaniasis and cancer. Our data highlights the importance of including drug resistance evaluation in drug discovery cascades. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04947-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Rosa-Teijeiro
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Victoria Wagner
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Corbeil
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Ilda d'Annessa
- Medtronic EMEA, Study and Scientific Solutions, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Leprohon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Fernandez-Prada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Lee H, Baek KH, Phan TN, Park IS, Lee S, Kim J, No JH. Discovery of Leishmania donovani topoisomerase IB selective inhibitors by targeting protein-protein interactions between the large and small subunits. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:193-198. [PMID: 34256188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal infectious disease caused by viscerotropic parasitic species of Leishmania. Current treatment options are often ineffective and toxic, and more importantly, there are no clinically validated drug targets available to develop next generation therapeutics against VL. Topoisomerase IB (TopIB) is an essential enzyme for Leishmania survival. The enzyme is organized as a bi-subunit that is distinct from the monomeric topoisomerase I of human. Based on this unique feature, we synthesized peptides composed of partial amino acid sequences of small subunit of Leishmania donovani (Ld) TopIB to confirm a decrease in catalytic activity by interfering the interaction between the two subunits. One of the synthetic peptides, covering essential amino acids for catalytic activity of LdTopIB, interrupted the enzymatic activity. Next, we examined 151 compounds selected from virtual screening in a functional assay and identified three LRL-TP compounds with a significant decrease in LdTopIB activity (IC50 of LRL-TP-85: 1.3 μM; LRL-TP-94: 2.9 μM; and LRL-TP-101: 35.3 μM) and no effects on Homo sapiens (Hs) TopIB activity. Based on molecular docking, the protonated tertiary amine of inhibitors formed key interactions with S415 of the large subunit. The EC50 values of LRL-TP-85, LRL-TP-94, and LRL-TP-101 were respectively 4.9, 1.4, and 27.8 μM in extracellular promastigote assay and 34.0, 53.7, and 11.4 μM in intracellular amastigote assay. Overall, we validated the protein-protein interaction site of LdTopIB as a potential drug target and identified small molecule inhibitors with anti-leishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryon Lee
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Baek
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong-Nhat Phan
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - I Seul Park
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Cheminformatics, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro, 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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13
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El Omari K, Mohamad N, Bountra K, Duman R, Romano M, Schlegel K, Kwong HS, Mykhaylyk V, Olesen C, Moller JV, Bublitz M, Beis K, Wagner A. Experimental phasing with vanadium and application to nucleotide-binding membrane proteins. IUCRJ 2020; 7:1092-1101. [PMID: 33209320 PMCID: PMC7642786 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520012312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure determination of soluble and membrane proteins can be hindered by the crystallographic phase problem, especially in the absence of a suitable homologous structure. Experimental phasing is the method of choice for novel structures; however, it often requires heavy-atom derivatization, which can be difficult and time-consuming. Here, a novel and rapid method to obtain experimental phases for protein structure determination by vanadium phasing is reported. Vanadate is a transition-state mimic of phosphoryl-transfer reactions and it has the advantage of binding specifically to the active site of numerous enzymes catalyzing this reaction. The applicability of vanadium phasing has been validated by determining the structures of three different protein-vanadium complexes, two of which are integral membrane proteins: the rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, the antibacterial peptide ATP-binding cassette transporter McjD from Escherichia coli and the soluble enzyme RNAse A from Bos taurus. Vanadium phasing was successful even at low resolution and despite severe anisotropy in the data. This method is principally applicable to a large number of proteins, representing six of the seven Enzyme Commission classes. It relies exclusively on the specific chemistry of the protein and it does not require any modifications, making it a very powerful addition to the phasing toolkit. In addition to the phasing power of this technique, the protein-vanadium complexes also provide detailed insights into the reaction mechanisms of the studied proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Nada Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Bountra
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramona Duman
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Romano
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB–CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Hok-Sau Kwong
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliy Mykhaylyk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Vuust Moller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maike Bublitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
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14
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Takahashi TS, Da Cunha V, Krupovic M, Mayer C, Forterre P, Gadelle D. Expanding the type IIB DNA topoisomerase family: identification of new topoisomerase and topoisomerase-like proteins in mobile genetic elements. NAR Genom Bioinform 2019; 2:lqz021. [PMID: 33575570 PMCID: PMC7671362 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of DNA topology by DNA topoisomerases is essential for virtually all DNA transactions in the cell. These enzymes, present in every organism, exist as several non-homologous families. We previously identified a small group of atypical type IIB topoisomerases, called Topo VIII, mainly encoded by plasmids. Here, taking advantage of the rapid expansion of sequence databases, we identified new putative Topo VIII homologs. Our analyses confirm the exclusivity of the corresponding genes to mobile genetic elements (MGE) and extend their distribution to nine different bacterial phyla and one archaeal superphylum. Notably, we discovered another subfamily of topoisomerases, dubbed ‘Mini-A’, including distant homologs of type IIB topoisomerases and encoded by extrachromosomal and integrated bacterial and archaeal viruses. Interestingly, a short, functionally uncharacterized motif at the C-terminal extremity of type IIB topoisomerases appears sufficient to discriminate between Mini-A, Topo VI and Topo VIII subfamilies. This motif could be a key element for understanding the differences between the three subfamilies. Collectively, this work leads to an updated model for the origin and evolution of the type IIB topoisomerase family and raises questions regarding the role of topoisomerases during replication of MGE in bacteria and archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomio S Takahashi
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.,Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Violette Da Cunha
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Archaeal Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris Diderot, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.,Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Danièle Gadelle
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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15
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de Sousa Luis JA, da Silva Souza HD, Lira BF, da Silva Alves F, de Athayde-Filho PF, de Souza Lima TK, Rocha JC, Mendonça Junior FJB, Scotti L, Scotti MT. Combined structure- and ligand-based virtual screening aiding discovery of selenoglycolicamides as potential multitarget agents against Leishmania species. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Chowdhury SR, Majumder HK. DNA Topoisomerases in Unicellular Pathogens: Structure, Function, and Druggability. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:415-432. [PMID: 30609953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All organisms, including unicellular pathogens, compulsorily possess DNA topoisomerases for successful nucleic acid metabolism. But particular subtypes of topoisomerases exist, in all prokaryotes and in some unicellular eukaryotes, that are absent in higher eukaryotes. Moreover, topoisomerases from pathogenic members of a niche possess some unique molecular architecture and functionalities completely distinct from their nonpathogenic colleagues. This review will highlight the unique attributes associated with the structures and functions of topoisomerases from the unicellular pathogens, with special reference to bacteria and protozoan parasites. It will also summarise the progress made in the domain pertaining to the druggability of these topoisomerases, upon which a future platform for therapeutic development can be successfully constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Roy Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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17
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Cinelli MA. Topoisomerase 1B poisons: Over a half-century of drug leads, clinical candidates, and serendipitous discoveries. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1294-1337. [PMID: 30456874 DOI: 10.1002/med.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are DNA processing enzymes that relieve supercoiling (torsional strain) in DNA, are necessary for normal cellular division, and act by nicking (and then religating) DNA strands. Type 1B topoisomerase (Top1) is overexpressed in certain tumors, and the enzyme has been extensively investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Various chemical agents can act as "poisons" of the enzyme's religation step, leading to Top1-DNA lesions, DNA breakage, and eventual cellular death. In this review, agents that poison Top1 (and have thus been investigated for their anticancer properties) are surveyed, including natural products (such as camptothecins and indolocarbazoles), semisynthetic camptothecin and luotonin derivatives, and synthetic compounds (such as benzonaphthyridines, aromathecins, and indenoisoquinolines), as well as targeted therapies and conjugates. Top1 has also been investigated as a therapeutic target in certain viral and parasitic infections, as well as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders, and a summary of literature describing alternative indications is also provided. This review should provide both a reference for the medicinal chemist and potentially offer clues to aid in the development of new Top1 poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A Cinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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18
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Velásquez AMA, Ribeiro WC, Venn V, Castelli S, Camargo MSD, de Assis RP, de Souza RA, Ribeiro AR, Passalacqua TG, da Rosa JA, Baviera AM, Mauro AE, Desideri A, Almeida-Amaral EE, Graminha MAS. Efficacy of a Binuclear Cyclopalladated Compound Therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Murine Model of Infection with Leishmania amazonensis and Its Inhibitory Effect on Topoisomerase 1B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00688-17. [PMID: 28507113 PMCID: PMC5527659 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00688-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease found throughout the (sub)tropical parts of the world caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. Despite the numerous problems associated with existing treatments, pharmaceutical companies continue to neglect the development of better ones. The high toxicity of current drugs combined with emerging resistance makes the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives urgent. We report here the evaluation of a binuclear cyclopalladated complex containing Pd(II) and N,N'-dimethylbenzylamine (Hdmba) against Leishmania amazonensis The compound [Pd(dmba)(μ-N3)]2 (CP2) inhibits promastigote growth (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 13.2 ± 0.7 μM) and decreases the proliferation of intracellular amastigotes in in vitro incubated macrophages (IC50 = 10.2 ± 2.2 μM) without a cytotoxic effect when tested against peritoneal macrophages (50% cytotoxic concentration = 506.0 ± 10.7 μM). In addition, CP2 was also active against T. cruzi intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 2.3 ± 0.5 μM, selective index = 225), an indication of its potential for use in Chagas disease therapy. In vivo assays using L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c showed an 80% reduction in parasite load compared to infected and nontreated animals. Also, compared to amphotericin B treatment, CP2 did not show any side effects, which was corroborated by the analysis of plasma levels of different hepatic and renal biomarkers. Furthermore, CP2 was able to inhibit Leishmania donovani topoisomerase 1B (Ldtopo1B), a potentially important target in this parasite. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02169141.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Arenas Velásquez
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Willian Campos Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Vutey Venn
- University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Renata Pires de Assis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaís Gaban Passalacqua
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcia A S Graminha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capranico
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Marinello
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- SCAI
SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, Cineca, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185 Rome, Italy
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20
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Abstract
Tyrosine site-specific recombinases (YRs) are widely distributed among prokaryotes and their viruses, and were thought to be confined to the budding yeast lineage among eukaryotes. However, YR-harboring retrotransposons (the DIRS and PAT families) and DNA transposons (Cryptons) have been identified in a variety of eukaryotes. The YRs utilize a common chemical mechanism, analogous to that of type IB topoisomerases, to bring about a plethora of genetic rearrangements with important physiological consequences in their respective biological contexts. A subset of the tyrosine recombinases has provided model systems for analyzing the chemical mechanisms and conformational features of the recombination reaction using chemical, biochemical, topological, structural, and single molecule-biophysical approaches. YRs with simple reaction requirements have been utilized to bring about programmed DNA rearrangements for addressing fundamental questions in developmental biology. They have also been employed to trace the topological features of DNA within high-order DNA interactions established by protein machines. The directed evolution of altered specificity YRs, combined with their spatially and temporally regulated expression, heralds their emergence as vital tools in genome engineering projects with wide-ranging biotechnological and medical applications.
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21
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Abstract
Covalently closed hairpin ends, also known as hairpin telomeres, provide an unusual solution to the end replication problem. The hairpin telomeres are generated from replication intermediates by a process known as telomere resolution. This is a DNA breakage and reunion reaction promoted by hairpin telomere resolvases (also referred to as protelomerases) found in a limited number of phage and bacteria. The reaction promoted by these enzymes is a chemically isoenergetic two-step transesterification without a requirement for divalent metal ions or high-energy cofactors and uses an active site and mechanism similar to that for type IB topoisomerases and tyrosine recombinases. The small number of unrelated telomere resolvases characterized to date all contain a central, catalytic core domain with the active site, but in addition carry variable C- and N-terminal domains with different functions. Similarities and differences in the structure and function of the telomere resolvases are discussed. Of particular interest are the properties of the Borrelia telomere resolvases, which have been studied most extensively at the biochemical level and appear to play a role in shaping the unusual segmented genomes in these organisms and, perhaps, to play a role in recombinational events.
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Costa Pessoa J, Garribba E, Santos MF, Santos-Silva T. Vanadium and proteins: Uptake, transport, structure, activity and function. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rowley PA, Kachroo AH, Ma CH, Maciaszek AD, Guga P, Jayaram M. Stereospecific suppression of active site mutants by methylphosphonate substituted substrates reveals the stereochemical course of site-specific DNA recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6023-37. [PMID: 25999343 PMCID: PMC4499138 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine site-specific recombinases, which promote one class of biologically important phosphoryl transfer reactions in DNA, exemplify active site mechanisms for stabilizing the phosphate transition state. A highly conserved arginine duo (Arg-I; Arg-II) of the recombinase active site plays a crucial role in this function. Cre and Flp recombinase mutants lacking either arginine can be rescued by compensatory charge neutralization of the scissile phosphate via methylphosphonate (MeP) modification. The chemical chirality of MeP, in conjunction with mutant recombinases, reveals the stereochemical contributions of Arg-I and Arg-II. The SP preference of the native reaction is specified primarily by Arg-I. MeP reaction supported by Arg-II is nearly bias-free or RP-biased, depending on the Arg-I substituent. Positional conservation of the arginines does not translate into strict functional conservation. Charge reversal by glutamic acid substitution at Arg-I or Arg-II has opposite effects on Cre and Flp in MeP reactions. In Flp, the base immediately 5' to the scissile MeP strongly influences the choice between the catalytic tyrosine and water as the nucleophile for strand scission, thus between productive recombination and futile hydrolysis. The recombinase active site embodies the evolutionary optimization of interactions that not only favor the normal reaction but also proscribe antithetical side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Rowley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Aashiq H Kachroo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chien-Hui Ma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anna D Maciaszek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Makkuni Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Teles CBG, Moreira-Dill LS, Silva ADA, Facundo VA, de Azevedo WF, da Silva LHP, Motta MCM, Stábeli RG, Silva-Jardim I. A lupane-triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum Mart. fruit extracts that interferes with the intracellular development of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:165. [PMID: 26048712 PMCID: PMC4457080 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3beta,6beta,16beta-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene is a lupane triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum fruit. The lupane group has been extensively used in studies on anticancer effects; however, its possible activity against protozoa parasites is yet poorly known. The high toxicity of the compounds currently used in leishmaniasis chemotherapy stimulates the investigation of new molecules and drug targets for antileishmanial therapy. METHODS The activity of 3beta,6beta,16beta-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene was evaluated against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis by determining the cytotoxicity of the compound on murine peritoneal macrophages, as well as its effects on parasite survival inside host cells. To evaluate the effect of this compound on intracellular amastigotes, cultures of infected macrophages were treated for 24, 48 and 96 h and the percentage of infected macrophages and the number of intracellular parasites was scored using light microscopy. RESULTS Lupane showed significant activity against the intracellular amastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis. The treatment with 109 μM for 96 h reduced in 80 % the survival index of parasites in BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. At this concentration, the triterpene caused no cytotoxic effects against mouse peritoneal macrophages. Ultrastructural analyses of L. (L.) amazonensis intracellular amastigotes showed that lupane induced some morphological changes in parasites, such as cytosolic vacuolization, lipid body formation and mitochondrial swelling. Bioinformatic analyses through molecular docking suggest that this lupane has high-affinity binding with DNA topoisomerase. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results have showed that the lupane triterpene from C. leprosum interferes with L. (L.) amazonensis amastigote replication and survival inside vertebrate host cells and bioinformatics analyses strongly indicate that this molecule may be a potential inhibitor of topoisomerase IB. Moreover, this study opens major prospects for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents with leishmanicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Malaria and Leishmaniasis Bioassays platform, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Soares Moreira-Dill
- Center of Studies for Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre de Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of Insect Bioecology, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Valdir Alves Facundo
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Walter F de Azevedo
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, PUC, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Research Institute for Tropical Diseases in Rondônia (IPEPATRO), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina M Motta
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Guerino Stábeli
- Center of Studies for Biomolecules Applied to Health (CEBio), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Izaltina Silva-Jardim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilheús, Bahia, Brazil.
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Keighobadi M, Fakhar M, Emami S. Hypothesis: The potential application of doxorubicin against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trop Parasitol 2015; 5:69-70. [PMID: 25709959 PMCID: PMC4327001 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.145594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keighobadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran E-mail:
| | - Saeed Emami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Balaña-Fouce R, Alvarez-Velilla R, Fernández-Prada C, García-Estrada C, Reguera RM. Trypanosomatids topoisomerase re-visited. New structural findings and role in drug discovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2014; 4:326-37. [PMID: 25516844 PMCID: PMC4266802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need of new treatments against trypanosomatids-borne diseases. DNA topoisomerases are pointed as potential drug targets against unicellular parasites. Trypanosomatids have a full set of DNA topoisomerases in both nucleus and kinetoplast. TopII and TopIII are located in the kinetoplast and fully involved in kDNA replication. Tritryps TopIB differ in structure from mammalian’s pointing to an attractive target.
The Trypanosomatidae family, composed of unicellular parasites, causes severe vector-borne diseases that afflict human populations worldwide. Chagas disease, sleeping sickness, as well as different sorts of leishmaniases are amongst the most important infectious diseases produced by Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp., respectively. All these infections are closely related to weak health care services in low-income populations of less developed and least economically developed countries. Search for new therapeutic targets in order to hit these pathogens is of paramount priority, as no effective vaccine is currently in use against any of these parasites. Furthermore, present-day chemotherapy comprises old-fashioned drugs full of important side effects. Besides, they are prone to produce tolerance and resistance as a consequence of their continuous use for decades. DNA topoisomerases (Top) are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for solving the torsional tensions caused during replication and transcription processes, as well as in maintaining genomic stability during DNA recombination. As the inhibition of these enzymes produces cell arrest and triggers cell death, Top inhibitors are among the most effective and most widely used drugs in both cancer and antibacterial therapies. Top relaxation and decatenation activities, which are based on a common nicking–closing cycle involving one or both DNA strands, have been pointed as a promising drug target. Specific inhibitors that bind to the interface of DNA-Top complexes can stabilize Top-mediated transient DNA breaks. In addition, important structural differences have been found between Tops from the Trypanosomatidae family members and Tops from the host. Such dissimilarities make these proteins very interesting for drug design and molecular intervention. The present review is a critical update of the last findings regarding trypanosomatid’s Tops, their new structural features, their involvement both in the physiology and virulence of these parasites, as well as their use as promising targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Raquel Alvarez-Velilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Carlos García-Estrada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Vlachakis D, Pavlopoulou A, Roubelakis MG, Feidakis C, Anagnou NP, Kossida S. 3D molecular modeling and evolutionary study of the Trypanosoma brucei DNA Topoisomerase IB, as a new emerging pharmacological target. Genomics 2014; 103:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Bilbao-Ramos P, Dea-Ayuela M, González-Díaz H, Yañez M, Uriarte E, Santana L, Martínez-Sernández V, Bolás-Fernández F, Ubeira FM. Synthetic oxoisoaporphine alkaloids: in vitro, in vivo and in silico assessment of antileishmanial activities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77560. [PMID: 24204870 PMCID: PMC3812281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a growing health problem worldwide. As there are certain drawbacks with the drugs currently used to treat human leishmaniasis and resistance to these drugs is emerging, there is a need to develop novel antileishmanial compounds, among which isoquinoline alkaloids are promising candidates. In this study, 18 novel oxoisoaporphine derivatives were synthesized and their possible antileishmanial activity was evaluated. The in vitro activity of these derivatives against Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes was first evaluated, and the selected compounds were then tested in an inhibition assay with promastigotes of L. infantum, L. braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. guyanensis, and with intracellular amastigotes of L. infantum and L. amazonensis. Finally, the most active compounds, OXO 1 (2,3-dihydro-7H-dibenzo[de,h]quinolin-7-one) and OXO 13 (2,3,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-7H-dibenzo[de,h]quinolin-7-one), were tested in BALB/c mice infected with L. infantum. Treatment of mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg with OXO 1 yielded significant reductions (p<0.05) in parasite burden in liver and spleen (99% and 78%, respectively) whereas with OXO 13 were not significant. Although previous reports suggest that this family of molecules displays inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase A and acetylcholinesterase, these enzymes were not confirmed as targets for antileishmanial activity on the basis of the present results. However, after development of a new bioinformatics model to analyze the Leishmania proteome, we were able to identify other putative targets for these molecules. The most promising candidates were four proteins: two putative pteridine reductase 2 (1MXF and 1MXH), one N-myristoyltransferase (2WUU) and one type I topoisomerase (2B9S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Bilbao-Ramos
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matilde Yañez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lourdes Santana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victoria Martínez-Sernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florencio M. Ubeira
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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A pentapeptide signature motif plays a pivotal role in Leishmania DNA topoisomerase IB activity and camptothecin sensitivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:2062-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Roy A, Chowdhury S, Sengupta S, Mandal M, Jaisankar P, D'Annessa I, Desideri A, Majumder HK. Development of derivatives of 3, 3'-diindolylmethane as potent Leishmania donovani bi-subunit topoisomerase IB poisons. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28493. [PMID: 22174820 PMCID: PMC3236199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of 3, 3'-diindolyl methane (DIM) resistant parasite Leishmania donovani (LdDR50) by adaptation with increasing concentrations of the drug generates random mutations in the large and small subunits of heterodimeric DNA topoisomerase I of Leishmania (LdTOP1LS). Mutation of large subunit of LdTOP1LS at F270L is responsible for resistance to DIM up to 50 µM concentration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In search of compounds that inhibit the growth of the DIM resistant parasite and inhibit the catalytic activity of mutated topoisomerase I (F270L), we have prepared three derivatives of DIM namely DPDIM (2,2'-diphenyl 3,3'-diindolyl methane), DMDIM (2,2'-dimethyl 3,3'-diindolyl methane) and DMODIM (5,5'-dimethoxy 3,3'-diindolyl methane) from parent compound DIM. All the compounds inhibit the growth of DIM resistant parasites, induce DNA fragmentation and stabilize topo1-DNA cleavable complex with the wild type and mutant enzyme. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the three derivatives of DIM can act as promising lead molecules for the generation of new anti-leishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayan Chowdhury
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Souvik Sengupta
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhumita Mandal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ilda D'Annessa
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hemanta K. Majumder
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Sengupta S, Ganguly A, Roy A, Bosedasgupta S, D'Annessa I, Desideri A, Majumder HK. ATP independent type IB topoisomerase of Leishmania donovani is stimulated by ATP: an insight into the functional mechanism. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:3295-309. [PMID: 21186185 PMCID: PMC3082896 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most type IB topoisomerases do not require ATP and Mg(2+) for activity. However, as shown previously for vaccinia topoisomerase I, we demonstrate that ATP stimulates the relaxation activity of the unusual heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase from Leishmania donovani (LdTOP1L/S) in the absence of Mg(2+). The stimulation is independent of ATP hydrolysis but requires salt as a co-activator. ATP binds to LdTOP1L/S and increases its rate of strand rotation. Docking studies indicate that the amino acid residues His93, Tyr95, Arg188 and Arg190 of the large subunit may be involved in ATP binding. Site directed mutagenesis of these four residues individually to alanine and subsequent relaxation assays reveal that the R190A mutant topoisomerase is unable to exhibit ATP-mediated stimulation in the absence of Mg(2+). However, the ATP-independent relaxation activities of all the four mutant enzymes remain unaffected. Additionally, we provide evidence that ATP binds LdTOP1L/S and modulates the activity of the otherwise ATP-independent enzyme. This study establishes ATP as an activator of LdTOP1L/S in the absence of Mg(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sengupta
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chawla B, Madhubala R. Drug targets in Leishmania. J Parasit Dis 2010; 34:1-13. [PMID: 21526026 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-010-0006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and till date there are no effective vaccines available. The control strategy relies solely on chemotherapy of the infected people. However, the present repertoire of drugs is limited and increasing resistance towards them has posed a major concern. The first step in drug discovery is to identify a suitable drug target. The genome sequences of Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum has revealed immense amount of information and has given the opportunity to identify novel drug targets that are unique to these parasites. Utilization of this information in order to come up with a candidate drug molecule requires combining all the technology and using a multi-disciplinary approach, right from characterizing the target protein to high throughput screening of compounds. Leishmania belonging to the order kinetoplastidae emerges from the ancient eukaryotic lineages. They are quite diverse from their mammalian hosts and there are several cellular processes that we are getting to know of, which exist distinctly in these parasites. In this review, we discuss some of the metabolic pathways that are essential and could be used as potential drug targets in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Chawla
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Abstract
Nucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo, DNase or RNase, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes. In this review, I survey nuclease activities with known structures and catalytic machinery and classify them by reaction mechanism and metal-ion dependence and by their biological function ranging from DNA replication, recombination, repair, RNA maturation, processing, interference, to defense, nutrient regeneration or cell death. Several general principles emerge from this analysis. There is little correlation between catalytic mechanism and biological function. A single catalytic mechanism can be adapted in a variety of reactions and biological pathways. Conversely, a single biological process can often be accomplished by multiple tertiary and quaternary folds and by more than one catalytic mechanism. Two-metal-ion-dependent nucleases comprise the largest number of different tertiary folds and mediate the most diverse set of biological functions. Metal-ion-dependent cleavage is exclusively associated with exonucleases producing mononucleotides and endonucleases that cleave double- or single-stranded substrates in helical and base-stacked conformations. All metal-ion-independent RNases generate 2',3'-cyclic phosphate products, and all metal-ion-independent DNases form phospho-protein intermediates. I also find several previously unnoted relationships between different nucleases and shared catalytic configurations.
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Koster DA, Crut A, Shuman S, Bjornsti MA, Dekker NH. Cellular strategies for regulating DNA supercoiling: a single-molecule perspective. Cell 2010; 142:519-30. [PMID: 20723754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Entangling and twisting of cellular DNA (i.e., supercoiling) are problems inherent to the helical structure of double-stranded DNA. Supercoiling affects transcription, DNA replication, and chromosomal segregation. Consequently the cell must fine-tune supercoiling to optimize these key processes. Here, we summarize how supercoiling is generated and review experimental and theoretical insights into supercoil relaxation. We distinguish between the passive dissipation of supercoils by diffusion and the active removal of supercoils by topoisomerase enzymes. We also review single-molecule studies that elucidate the timescales and mechanisms of supercoil removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Koster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Coletta A, Morozzo della Rocca B, Jaisankar P, Majumder HK, Chillemi G, Sanna N, Desideri A. Assignment of UV−vis Spectrum of (3,3′)-Diindolylmethane, a Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase IB Inhibitor and a Candidate DNA Minor Groove Binder. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7121-6. [PMID: 20550156 DOI: 10.1021/jp101494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coletta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Blasco Morozzo della Rocca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Hemanta K. Majumder
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nico Sanna
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Desideri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy, Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Parasitology, Indian Institut of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India, and CASPUR Interuniversities Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6b, 00185 Roma, Italy
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37
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Patel A, Yakovleva L, Shuman S, Mondragón A. Crystal structure of a bacterial topoisomerase IB in complex with DNA reveals a secondary DNA binding site. Structure 2010; 18:725-33. [PMID: 20541510 PMCID: PMC2886027 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type IB DNA topoisomerases (TopIB) are monomeric enzymes that relax supercoils by cleaving and resealing one strand of duplex DNA within a protein clamp that embraces a approximately 21 DNA segment. A longstanding conundrum concerns the capacity of TopIB enzymes to stabilize intramolecular duplex DNA crossovers and form protein-DNA synaptic filaments. Here we report a structure of Deinococcus radiodurans TopIB in complex with a 12 bp duplex DNA that demonstrates a secondary DNA binding site located on the surface of the C-terminal domain. It comprises a distinctive interface with one strand of the DNA duplex and is conserved in all TopIB enzymes. Modeling of a TopIB with both DNA sites suggests that the secondary site could account for DNA crossover binding, nucleation of DNA synapsis, and generation of a filamentous plectoneme. Mutations of the secondary site eliminate synaptic plectoneme formation without affecting DNA cleavage or supercoil relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Lyudmila Yakovleva
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Stewart Shuman
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Alfonso Mondragón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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38
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Gibb B, Gupta K, Ghosh K, Sharp R, Chen J, Van Duyne GD. Requirements for catalysis in the Cre recombinase active site. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:5817-32. [PMID: 20462863 PMCID: PMC2943603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the tyrosine recombinase (YR) family of site-specific recombinases catalyze DNA rearrangements using phosphoryl transfer chemistry that is identical to that used by the type IB topoisomerases (TopIBs). To better understand the requirements for YR catalysis and the relationship between the YRs and the TopIBs, we have analyzed the in vivo and in vitro recombination activities of all substitutions of the seven active site residues in Cre recombinase. We have also determined the structure of a vanadate transition state mimic for the Cre-loxP reaction that facilitates interpretation of mutant activities and allows for a comparison with similar structures from the related topoisomerases. We find that active site residues shared by the TopIBs are most sensitive to substitution. Only two, the tyrosine nucleophile and a conserved lysine residue that activates the 5'-hydroxyl leaving group, are strictly required to achieve >5% of wild-type activity. The two conserved arginine residues each tolerate one substitution that results in modest recombination activity and the remaining three active site positions can be substituted with several alternative amino acids while retaining a significant amount of activity. The results are discussed in the context of YR and TopIB structural models and data from related YR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gibb
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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39
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Rowley PA, Kachroo AH, Ma CH, Maciaszek AD, Guga P, Jayaram M. Electrostatic suppression allows tyrosine site-specific recombination in the absence of a conserved catalytic arginine. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:22976-85. [PMID: 20448041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The active site of the tyrosine family site-specific recombinase Flp contains a conserved catalytic pentad that includes two arginine residues, Arg-191 and Arg-308. Both arginines are essential for the transesterification steps of strand cleavage and strand joining in DNA substrates containing a phosphate group at the scissile position. During strand cleavage, the active site tyrosine supplies the nucleophile to form a covalent 3'-phosphotyrosyl intermediate. The 5'-hydroxyl group produced by cleavage provides the nucleophile to re-form a 3'-5' phosphodiester bond in a recombinant DNA strand. In previous work we showed that substitution of the scissile phosphate (P) by the charge neutral methylphosphonate (MeP) makes Arg-308 dispensable during the catalytic activation of the MeP diester bond. However, in the Flp(R308A) reaction, water out-competes the tyrosine nucleophile (Tyr-343) to cause direct hydrolysis of the MeP diester bond. We now report that for MeP activation Arg-191 is also not required. In contrast to Flp(R308A), Flp(R191A) primarily mediates normal cleavage by Tyr-343 but also exhibits a weaker direct hydrolytic activity. The cleaved MeP-tyrosyl intermediate formed by Flp(R191A) can be targeted for nucleophilic attack by a 5'-hydroxyl or water and channeled toward strand joining or hydrolysis, respectively. In collaboration with wild type Flp, Flp(R191A) promotes strand exchange between MeP- and P-DNA partners. Loss of a catalytically crucial positively charged side chain can thus be suppressed by a compensatory modification in the DNA substrate that neutralizes the negative charge on the scissile phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Rowley
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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40
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Perry K, Hwang Y, Bushman FD, Van Duyne GD. Insights from the structure of a smallpox virus topoisomerase-DNA transition state mimic. Structure 2010; 18:127-37. [PMID: 20152159 PMCID: PMC2822398 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses encode their own type IB topoisomerases (TopIBs), which release superhelical tension generated by replication and transcription of their genomes. To investigate the reaction catalyzed by viral TopIBs, we have determined the structure of a variola virus topoisomerase-DNA complex trapped as a vanadate transition state mimic. The structure reveals how the viral TopIB enzymes are likely to position the DNA duplex for ligation following relaxation of supercoils and identifies the sources of friction observed in single-molecule experiments that argue against free rotation. The structure also identifies a conformational change in the leaving group sugar that must occur prior to cleavage and reveals a mechanism for promoting ligation following relaxation of supercoils that involves an Asp-minor groove interaction. Overall, the new structural data support a common catalytic mechanism for the TopIB superfamily but indicate distinct methods for controlling duplex rotation in the small versus large enzyme subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Perry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Erybraedin C, a natural compound from the plant Bituminaria bituminosa, inhibits both the cleavage and religation activities of human topoisomerase I. Biochem J 2010; 425:531-9. [PMID: 19883377 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of human topoisomerase I and erybraedin C, a pterocarpan purified from the plant Bituminaria bituminosa, that was shown to have an antitumour activity, was investigated through enzymatic activity assays and molecular docking procedures. Erybraedin C is able to inhibit both the cleavage and the religation steps of the enzyme reaction. In both cases, pre-incubation of the drug with the enzyme is required to produce a complete inhibition. Molecular docking simulations indicate that, when interacting with the enzyme alone, the preferential drug-binding site is localized in proximity to the active Tyr723 residue, with one of the two prenilic groups close to the active-site residues Arg488 and His632, essential for the catalytic reaction. When interacting with the cleavable complex, erybraedin C interacts with both the enzyme and DNA in a way similar to that found for topotecan. This is the first example of a natural compound able to act on both the cleavage and religation reaction of human topoisomerase I.
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42
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Topoisomerase I gene mutations at F270 in the large subunit and N184 in the small subunit contribute to the resistance mechanism of the unicellular parasite Leishmania donovani towards 3,3'-diindolylmethane. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2589-98. [PMID: 19332675 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01648-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a novel poison targeting Leishmania donovani topoisomerase I (LdTOP1LS), induces programmed cell death in Leishmania parasites. The development of resistant parasites by adaptation with increasing concentrations of DIM generates random mutations in LdTOP1LS. Single-nucleotide mutations result in the amino acid substitutions F270L and K430N in the large subunit and N184S in the small subunit of the enzyme. DIM failed to inhibit the catalytic activity of the recombinant mutant enzyme (LdTOP1DRLS). Transfection studies of the mutant genes showed that the mutated topoisomerase I confers DIM resistance on wild-type Leishmania parasites. Site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that a substantial level of resistance is conferred by the F270L mutation alone; however, all three mutations (F270L, K430N, and N184S) together are required to reach a higher-resistance phenotype. DIM fails to stabilize the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes in the F270 mutant. Moreover, DIM cannot interfere with the religation step in the catalytic cycle of the recombinant F270L mutant enzyme. Taken together, these findings identify novel mutations in topoisomerase I that hinder its interaction with DNA, thereby modulating enzyme catalysis and conferring resistance to DIM. These studies advance our understanding of the mechanism of cell poisoning by DIM and suggest a specific modification of the drug that may improve its efficacy.
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43
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Mutational studies reveal lysine 352 on the large subunit is indispensable for catalytic activity of bi-subunit topoisomerase I from Leishmania donovani. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009; 165:57-66. [PMID: 19393162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
From the vanadate complex crystal structure of Leishmania donovani topoisomerase I, several amino acid residues have been implicated to be involved in the catalytic reaction. Although several predictions and propositions have been made, the exact role of these amino acids has not yet been clearly demonstrated in vitro. Among these residues, lysine 352 and arginine 314 stand as potential candidates for playing the role of a general acid during the cleavage step. In this study, we have characterized the role of lysine 352 on the large subunit, by site-directed mutagenesis and have tried to identify the general acid that can protonate the 5?-O atom of the leaving strand. Studies with the mutant enzymes reveal that, relaxation activity was severely affected when Lys352 was mutated to arginine or alanine (K352R or K352A). Mutation of Arg314 to Lys (R314K) has very little effect on the relaxation activity. Detailed study reveals that, both cleavage and religation steps are severely affected in case of K352R and K352A and the cleavage religation equilibrium is shifted towards the cleavage. On the contrary, the R314K mutant exhibits only a slightly slower rate of cleavage compared to wild-type enzyme. Cleavage assays with an oligonucleotide containing 5?-bridging phosphorothiolate indicate that Lys352 acts as a general acid in the cleavage step. Altogether, this study establishes the indispensable role of lysine 352 in the catalytic reaction of L. donovani topoisomerase I.
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44
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Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are a diverse set of essential enzymes responsible for maintaining chromosomes in an appropriate topological state. Although they vary considerably in structure and mechanism, the partnership between topoisomerases and DNA has engendered commonalities in how these enzymes engage nucleic acid substrates and control DNA strand manipulations. All topoisomerases can harness the free energy stored in supercoiled DNA to drive their reactions; some further use the energy of ATP to alter the topology of DNA away from an enzyme-free equilibrium ground state. In the cell, topoisomerases regulate DNA supercoiling and unlink tangled nucleic acid strands to actively maintain chromosomes in a topological state commensurate with particular replicative and transcriptional needs. To carry out these reactions, topoisomerases rely on dynamic macromolecular contacts that alternate between associated and dissociated states throughout the catalytic cycle. In this review, we describe how structural and biochemical studies have furthered our understanding of DNA topoisomerases, with an emphasis on how these complex molecular machines use interfacial interactions to harness and constrain the energy required to manage DNA topology.
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45
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Das BB, Ganguly A, Majumder HK. DNA Topoisomerases of Leishmania: The Potential Targets for Anti-Leishmanial Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 625:103-15. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77570-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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46
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Mutational study of the "catalytic tetrad" of DNA topoisomerase IB from the hemoflagellate Leishmania donovani: Role of Asp-353 and Asn-221 in camptothecin resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:608-19. [PMID: 18655776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani, the causative organism for visceral leishmaniasis, contains a unique bisubunit DNA-topoisomerase IB (LdTopIB). The catalytically active enzyme is a heterodimer constituted by a large subunit (LdTopIL) containing a non-conserved N-terminal end and the phylogenetically conserved core domain, whereas the small subunit (LdTopIS) harbors the C-terminal domain with the characteristic tyrosine residue in the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute the basic amino acid (Arg-314, Lys-352, Arg-410 and His-453) of the LdTopIL subunit by the neutral amino acid alanine. The expression of these mutants in a topoisomerase-free yeast strain produced inactive proteins. Similarly, when the Tyr-222 from small subunit, involved in DNA cleavage, was substituted by Phe no topoisomerase activity was detected in yeast overexpressing extracts. In addition two substitutions involved in camptothecin inhibition were also analyzed. Asp-353 located in the core domain of the large subunit and Asn-221 which heads Tyr-222 in the small subunit, were replaced by Ala and Ser, respectively. These mutants were insensitive to the inhibitor; despite they displayed significant relaxation activity.
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47
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Frøhlich RF, Juul S, Nielsen MB, Vinther M, Veigaard C, Hede MS, Andersen FF. Identification of a minimal functional linker in human topoisomerase I by domain swapping with Cre recombinase. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7127-36. [PMID: 18553933 DOI: 10.1021/bi800031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular forms of type IB topoisomerases distinguish themselves from their viral counterparts and the tyrosine recombinases to which they are closely related by having rather extensive N-terminal and linker domains. The functions and necessity of these domains are not yet fully unraveled. In this study we replace 86 amino acids including the linker domain of the cellular type IB topoisomerase, human topoisomerase I, with four, six, or eight amino acids from the corresponding short loop region in Cre recombinase. In vitro characterization of the resulting chimeras, denoted Cropos, reveals that six amino acids from the Cre linker loop constitute the minimal length of a functional linker in human topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke From Frøhlich
- Department of Molecular Biology and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), University of Aarhus, Denmark
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48
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Yakovleva L, Chen S, Hecht SM, Shuman S. Chemical and traditional mutagenesis of vaccinia DNA topoisomerase provides insights to cleavage site recognition and transesterification chemistry. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16093-103. [PMID: 18367446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801595200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia DNA topoisomerase IB (TopIB) relaxes supercoils by forming and resealing a covalent DNA-(3'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate. Here we gained new insights to the TopIB mechanism through "chemical mutagenesis." Meta-substituted analogs of Tyr(274) were introduced by in vitro translation in the presence of a chemically misacylated tRNA. We report that a meta-OH reduced the rate of DNA cleavage 130-fold without affecting the rate of religation. By contrast, meta-OCH(3) and NO(2) groups elicited only a 6-fold decrement in cleavage rate. We propose that the meta-OH uniquely suppresses deprotonation of the para-OH nucleophile during the cleavage step. Assembly of the vaccinia TopIB active site is triggered by protein contacts with a specific DNA sequence 5'-C(+5)C(+4)C(+3)T(+2)T(+1)p downward arrowN (where downward arrow denotes the cleavage site). A signature alpha-helix of the poxvirus TopIB ((132)GKMKYLKENETVG(144)) engages the target site in the major groove and thereby recruits catalytic residue Arg(130) to the active site. The effects of 11 missense mutations at Tyr(136) highlight the importance of van der Waals interactions with the 3'-G(+4)pG(+3)p dinucleotide of the nonscissile strand for DNA cleavage and supercoil relaxation. Asn(140) and Thr(142) donate hydrogen bonds to the pro-(S(p))-oxygen of the G(+3)pA(+2) phosphodiester of the nonscissile strand. Lys(133) and Lys(135) interact with purine nucleobases in the major groove. Whereas none of these side chains is essential per se, an N140A/T142A double mutation reduces the rate of supercoil relaxation and DNA cleavage by 120- and 30-fold, respectively, and a K133A/K135A double mutation slows relaxation and cleavage by 120- and 35-fold, respectively. These results underscore functional redundancy at the TopIB-DNA interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Yakovleva
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
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49
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Amino acids 39-456 of the large subunit and 210-262 of the small subunit constitute the minimal functionally interacting fragments of the unusual heterodimeric topoisomerase IB of Leishmania. Biochem J 2008; 409:481-9. [PMID: 17924857 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The unusual, heterodimeric topoisomerase IB of Leishmania shows functional activity upon reconstitution of the DNA-binding large subunit (LdTOPIL; or L) and the catalytic small subunit (LdTOPIS; or S). In the present study, we generated N- and C-terminal-truncated deletion constructs of either subunit and identified proteins LdTOPIL(39-456) (lacking amino acids 1-39 and 457-635) and LdTOPIS(210-262) (lacking amino acids 1-210) as the minimal interacting fragments. The interacting region of LdTOPIL lies between residues 40-99 and 435-456, while for LdTOPIS it lies between residues 210-215 and 245-262. The heterodimerization between the two fragments is weak and therefore co-purified fragments showed reduced DNA binding, cleavage and relaxation properties compared with the wild-type enzyme. The minimal fragments could complement their respective wild-type subunits inside parasites when the respective subunits were down-regulated by transfection with conditional antisense constructs. Site-directed mutagenesis studies identify Lys455 of LdTOPIL and Asp261 of LdTOPIS as two residues involved in subunit interaction. Taken together, the present study provides crucial insights into the mechanistic details for understanding the unusual structure and inter-subunit co-operativity of this heterodimeric enzyme.
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50
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Kopterides P, Mourtzoukou EG, Skopelitis E, Tsavaris N, Falagas ME. Aspects of the association between leishmaniasis and malignant disorders. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101:1181-9. [PMID: 17870139 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the prevalence of leishmaniasis and cancer, the co-existence of these two diseases may be merely coincidental. However, a number of epidemiological, experimental and laboratory studies suggest that an association between these two entities does exist. The aim of this review is to summarise the occurrence of leishmaniasis as an opportunistic infection associated with malignant disorders and to present the available literature potentially linking this infection with the development of cancerous lesions. We searched electronic databases and evaluated 37 studies involving 44 patients. Four different types of association between leishmaniasis and cancer were established: leishmaniasis mimicking a malignant disorder, such as lymphoma; leishmaniasis arising as a difficult to diagnose and treat infection among patients receiving chemotherapy for various malignant disorders; simultaneous diagnosis of leishmaniasis and a neoplastic disorder in the same tissue samples of immunocompromised patients; and direct involvement of Leishmania spp. in the pathogenesis/occurrence of malignant lesions, especially of the skin and mucous membranes. The main conclusion of this review is that leishmaniasis can directly or indirectly affect the presentation, diagnosis and course of various malignant disorders and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of malignancies in geographic areas where it is endemic and/or in patients with travel history to these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Kopterides
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), 9 Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Department of Pathophysiology, Oncology Unit, Laiko General Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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