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de Grip WJ, Ganapathy S. Rhodopsins: An Excitingly Versatile Protein Species for Research, Development and Creative Engineering. Front Chem 2022; 10:879609. [PMID: 35815212 PMCID: PMC9257189 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.879609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a membrane protein, owing its photosensitivity to the presence of a covalently bound chromophoric group. This group, derived from vitamin A, was appropriately dubbed retinal. In the 1970s a microbial counterpart of this species was discovered in an archaeon, being a membrane protein also harbouring retinal as a chromophore, and named bacteriorhodopsin. Since their discovery a photogenic panorama unfolded, where up to date new members and subspecies with a variety of light-driven functionality have been added to this family. The animal branch, meanwhile categorized as type-2 rhodopsins, turned out to form a large subclass in the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and are essential to multiple elements of light-dependent animal sensory physiology. The microbial branch, the type-1 rhodopsins, largely function as light-driven ion pumps or channels, but also contain sensory-active and enzyme-sustaining subspecies. In this review we will follow the development of this exciting membrane protein panorama in a representative number of highlights and will present a prospect of their extraordinary future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J. de Grip
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Organic Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Srividya Ganapathy
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
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2
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Li X, Wu J, Jaffrey SR. Engineering Fluorophore Recycling in a Fluorogenic RNA Aptamer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Samie R. Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University New York NY 10065 USA
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3
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Li X, Wu J, Jaffrey SR. Engineering Fluorophore Recycling in a Fluorogenic RNA Aptamer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24153-24161. [PMID: 34490956 PMCID: PMC8661118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic aptamers can potentially show minimal photobleaching during continuous irradiation since any photobleached fluorophore can exchange with fluorescent dyes in the media. However, fluorophores have not been designed to maximize "fluorophore recycling." Here we describe TBI, a novel fluorophore for the Broccoli fluorogenic aptamer. Previous fluorophores either fail to rapidly dissociate when they undergo photobleaching via cis-trans isomerization, or bind slowly, resulting in extended periods after dissociation of the photobleached fluorophore when no fluorophore is bound. By contrast, photobleached TBI dissociates rapidly from Broccoli, and TBI from the media rapidly replaces dissociated photobleached fluorophore. Using TBI, Broccoli exhibits markedly enhanced fluorescence in cells during continuous imaging. These data show that designing fluorophores to optimize fluorophore recycling can lead to enhanced fluorescence of fluorogenic aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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4
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El‐Tahawy MMT, Conti I, Bonfanti M, Nenov A, Garavelli M. Tailoring Spectral and Photochemical Properties of Bioinspired Retinal Mimics by in Silico Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M. T. El‐Tahawy
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour 22511 Egypt
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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5
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El‐Tahawy MMT, Conti I, Bonfanti M, Nenov A, Garavelli M. Tailoring Spectral and Photochemical Properties of Bioinspired Retinal Mimics by in Silico Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20619-20627. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M. T. El‐Tahawy
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour 22511 Egypt
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna Viale del Risorigmento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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6
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Brinkmann A, Sternberg U, Bovee-Geurts PHM, Fernández Fernández I, Lugtenburg J, Kentgens APM, DeGrip WJ. Insight into the chromophore of rhodopsin and its Meta-II photointermediate by 19F solid-state NMR and chemical shift tensor calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30174-30188. [PMID: 30484791 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
19F nuclei are useful labels in solid-state NMR studies, since their chemical shift and tensor elements are very sensitive to the electrostatic and space-filling properties of their local environment. In this study we have exploited a fluorine substituent, strategically placed at the C-12-position of 11-cis retinal, the chromophore of visual rhodopsins. This label was used to explore the local environment of the chromophore in the ground state of bovine rhodopsin and its active photo-intermediate Meta II. In addition, the chemical shift and tensor elements of the chromophore in the free state in a membrane environment and the bound state in the protein were determined. Upon binding of the chromophore into rhodopsin and Meta II, the isotropic chemical shift changes in the opposite direction by +9.7 and -8.4 ppm, respectively. An unusually large isotropic shift difference of 35.9 ppm was observed between rhodopsin and Meta II. This partly originates in the light-triggered 11-cis to all-trans isomerization of the chromophore. The other part reflects the local conformational rearrangements in the chromophore and the binding pocket. These NMR data were correlated with the available X-ray structures of rhodopsin and Meta II using bond polarization theory. For this purpose hydrogen atoms have to be inserted and hereto a family of structures were derived that best correlated with the well-established 13C chemical shifts. Based upon these structures, a 12-F derivative was obtained that best corresponded with the experimentally determined 19F chemical shifts and tensor elements. The combined data indicate strong changes in the local environment of the C-12 position and a substantially different interaction pattern with the protein in Meta II as compared to rhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brinkmann
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Barata-Morgado R, Sánchez ML, Muñoz-Losa A, Martín ME, Olivares Del Valle FJ, Aguilar MA. How Methylation Modifies the Photophysics of the Native All- trans-Retinal Protonated Schiff Base: A CASPT2/MD Study in Gas Phase and in Methanol. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3096-3106. [PMID: 29489369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparison between the free-energy surfaces of the all- trans-retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) and its 10-methylated derivative in gas phase and methanol solution is performed at CASSCF//CASSCF and CASPT2//CASSCF levels. Solvent effects were included using the average solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics method. This is a QM/MM (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) method that makes use of the mean field approximation. It is found that the methyl group bonded to C10 produces noticeable changes in the solution free-energy profile of the S1 excited state, mainly in the relative stability of the minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) with respect to the Franck-Condon (FC) point. The conical intersections yielding the 9- cis and 11- cis isomers are stabilized while that yielding the 13- cis isomer is destabilized; in fact, it becomes inaccessible by excitation to S1. Furthermore, the planar S1 minimum is not present in the methylated compound. The solvent notably stabilizes the S2 excited state at the FC geometry. Therefore, if the S2 state has an effect on the photoisomerization dynamics, it must be because it permits the RPSB population to branch around the FC point. All these changes combine to speed up the photoisomerization in the 10-methylated compound with respect to the native compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Barata-Morgado
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - M Luz Sánchez
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Aurora Muñoz-Losa
- Dpto. Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado , University of Extremadura , Avda. Universidad s/n , Cáceres 10003 , Spain
| | - M Elena Martín
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Francisco J Olivares Del Valle
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
| | - Manuel A Aguilar
- Área de Química Física , University of Extremadura , Avda. Elvas s/n , Edif. José Ma Viguera Lobo 3a, planta, Badajoz 06006 , Spain
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8
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Coupled HOOP signature correlates with quantum yield of isorhodopsin and analog pigments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:118-125. [PMID: 27836700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With a quantum yield of 0.66±0.03 the photoisomerization efficiency of the visual pigment rhodopsin (11-cis⇒all-trans chromophore) is exceptionally high. This is currently explained by coherent coupling of the excited state electronic wavepacket with local vibrational nuclear modes, facilitating efficient cross-over at a conical intersection onto the photoproduct energy surface. The 9-cis counterpart of rhodopsin, dubbed isorhodopsin, has a much lower quantum yield (0.26±0.03), which, however, can be markedly enhanced by modification of the retinal chromophore (7,8-dihydro and 9-cyclopropyl derivatives). The coherent coupling in the excited state is promoted by torsional skeletal and coupled HOOP vibrational modes, in combination with a twisted conformation around the isomerization region. Since such torsion will strongly enhance the infrared intensity of coupled HOOP modes, we investigated FTIR difference spectra of rhodopsin, isorhodopsin and several analog pigments in the spectral range of isolated and coupled HCCH wags. As a result we propose that the coupled HOOP signature in these retinal pigments correlates with the distribution of torsion over counteracting segments in the retinylidene polyene chain. As such the HOOP signature can act as an indicator for the photoisomerization efficiency, and can explain the higher quantum yield of the 7,8-dihydro and 9-cyclopropyl-isorhodopsin analogs.
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9
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Ockenfels A, Schapiro I, Gärtner W. Rhodopsins carrying modified chromophores--the 'making of', structural modelling and their light-induced reactivity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:297-308. [PMID: 26860474 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of vitamin-A aldehydes (retinals) with modified alkyl group substituents (9-demethyl-, 9-ethyl-, 9-isopropyl-, 10-methyl, 10-methyl-13-demethyl-, and 13-demethyl retinal) was synthesized and their 11-cis isomers were used as chromophores to reconstitute the visual pigment rhodopsin. Structural changes were selectively introduced around the photoisomerizing C11=C12 bond. The effect of these structural changes on rhodopsin formation and bleaching was determined. Global fit of assembly kinetics yielded lifetimes and spectral features of the assembly intermediates. Rhodopsin formation proceeds stepwise with prolonged lifetimes especially for 9-demethyl retinal (longest lifetime τ3 = 7500 s, cf., 3500 s for retinal), and for 10-methyl retinal (τ3 = 7850 s). These slowed-down processes are interpreted as either a loss of fixation (9dm) or an increased steric hindrance (10me) during the conformational adjustment within the protein. Combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations provided structural insight into the retinal analogues-assembled, full-length rhodopsins. Extinction coefficients, quantum yields and kinetics of the bleaching process (μs-to-ms time range) were determined. Global fit analysis yielded lifetimes and spectral features of bleaching intermediates, revealing remarkably altered kinetics: whereas the slowest process of wild-type rhodopsin and of bleached and 11-cis retinal assembled rhodopsin takes place with lifetimes of 7 and 3.8 s, respectively, this process for 10-methyl-13-demethyl retinal was nearly 10 h (34670 s), coming to completion only after ca. 50 h. The structural changes in retinal derivatives clearly identify the precise interactions between chromophore and protein during the light-induced changes that yield the outstanding efficiency of rhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ockenfels
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim, Germany.
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10
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Walczak E, Andruniów T. Impacts of retinal polyene (de)methylation on the photoisomerization mechanism and photon energy storage of rhodopsin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17169-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01939g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar to native rhodopsin, a two-mode space-saving isomerization mechanism drives the photoreaction in (de)methylated rhodopsin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Walczak
- Department of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Tadeusz Andruniów
- Department of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Technology
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
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11
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Bassolino G, Sovdat T, Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Odell B, Claridge TD, Kukura P, Fletcher SP. Synthetic Control of Retinal Photochemistry and Photophysics in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2650-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bassolino
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Tina Sovdat
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matz Liebel
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Timothy D.W. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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deGrip WJ, Bovee-Geurts PHM, Wang Y, Verhoeven MA, Lugtenburg J. Cyclopropyl and isopropyl derivatives of 11-cis and 9-cis retinals at C-9 and C-13: subtle steric differences with major effects on ligand efficacy in rhodopsin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:383-390. [PMID: 21309593 DOI: 10.1021/np100744v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Retinal is the natural ligand (chromophore) of the vertebrate rod visual pigment. It occurs in either the 11-cis (rhodopsin) or the 9-cis (isorhodopsin) configuration. In its evolution to a G protein coupled photoreceptor, rhodopsin has acquired exceptional photochemical properties. Illumination isomerizes the chromophore to the all-trans isomer, which acts as a full agonist. This process is extremely efficient, and there is abundant evidence that the C-9 and C-13 methyl groups of retinal play a pivotal role in this process. To examine the steric limits of the C-9 and C-13 methyl binding pocket of the binding site, we have prepared C-9 and C-13 cyclopropyl and isopropyl derivatives of its native ligands and of α-retinal at C-9. Most isopropyl analogues show very poor binding, except for 9-cis-13-isopropylretinal. Most cyclopropyl derivatives exhibit intermediate binding activity, except for 9-cis-13-cyclopropylretinal, which presents good binding activity. In general, the binding site shows preference for the 9-cis analogues over the 11-cis analogues. In fact, 13-isopropyl-9-cis-retinal acts as a superagonist after illumination. Another surprising finding was that 9-cyclopropylisorhodopsin is more like native rhodopsin with respect to spectral and photochemical properties, whereas 9-cyclopropylrhodopsin behaves more like native isorhodopsin in these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J deGrip
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Dawadi PBS, Lugtenburg J. Synthesis and use of stable isotope enriched retinals in the field of vitamin A. Molecules 2010; 15:1825-72. [PMID: 20336016 PMCID: PMC6257204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin A and its metabolites in the life processes starting with the historical background and its up to date information is discussed in the introduction. Also the role of 11Z-retinal in vision and retinoic acid in the biological processes is elucidated. The essential role of isotopically enriched systems in the progress of vision research, nutrition research etc. is discussed. In part B industrial commercial syntheses of vitamin A by the two leading companies Hoffmann-La Roche (now DSM) and BASF are discussed. The knowledge obtained via these pioneering syntheses has been essential for the further synthetic efforts in vitamin A field by other scientific groups. The rest of the paper is devoted to the synthetic efforts of the Leiden group that gives an access to the preparation of site directed high level isotope enrichment in retinals. First the synthesis of the retinals with deuterium incorporation in the conjugated side chain is reviewed. Then, 13C-labeled retinals are discussed. This is followed by the discussion of a convergent synthetic scheme that allows a rational access to prepare any isotopomer of retinals. The schemes that provide access to prepare any possible isotope enriched chemically modified systems are discussed. Finally, nor-retinals and bridged retinals that give access to a whole (as yet incomplete) library of possible isotopomers are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa B S Dawadi
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Bovee-Geurts PHM, Fernández Fernández I, Liu RSH, Mathies RA, Lugtenburg J, DeGrip WJ. Fluoro Derivatives of Retinal Illuminate the Decisive Role of the C12-H Element in Photoisomerization and Rhodopsin Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17933-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907577p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra H. M. Bovee-Geurts
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manao, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Isabelle Fernández Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manao, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Robert S. H. Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manao, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manao, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Johan Lugtenburg
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manao, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Willem J. DeGrip
- Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manao, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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15
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Wang Y, Bovee-Geurts PHM, Lugtenburg J, DeGrip WJ. Alpha-retinals as Rhodopsin ChromophoresPreference for the 9-ZConfiguration and Partial Agonist Activity. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:889-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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DeGrip WJ, Bovee-Geurts, van der Hoef I, Lugtenburg J. 7,8-Dihydro Retinals Outperform the Native Retinals in Conferring Photosensitivity to Visual Opsin. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13265-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem J. DeGrip
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bovee-Geurts
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke van der Hoef
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lugtenburg
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry, UMCN 286, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Department of BioOrganic Photochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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