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Wen T, Geng M, Bai E, Wang X, Miao H, Chen Z, Zhou H, Wang J, Shi J, Zhang Y, Lei M, Zhu Y. KPT-330 and Y219 exert a synergistic antitumor effect in triple-negative breast cancer through inhibiting NF-κB signaling. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:751-762. [PMID: 36847599 PMCID: PMC10068319 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype, which has poor prognosis due to the lack of effective targeted drugs. KPT-330, an inhibitor of the nuclear export protein CRM-1, has been widely used in clinical medicine. Y219, a novel proteasome inhibitor designed by our group, shows superior efficacy, reduced toxicity, and reduced off-target effects as compared to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of KPT-330 and Y219 against TNBC cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We report that combination treatment with KPT-330 and Y219 synergistically inhibited the viability of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis revealed that the combined use of KPT-330 and Y219 induced G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells, and attenuated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling by facilitating nuclear localization of IκB-α. Collectively, these results suggest that the combined use of KPT-330 and Y219 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Mengzhu Geng
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Enhe Bai
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Hang Miao
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Zhimeng Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Jingmiao Shi
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Meng Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, China
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, China
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Fisher ML, Adhikary G, Xu W, Kerr C, Keillor JW, Eckert RL. Type II transglutaminase stimulates epidermal cancer stem cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20525-39. [PMID: 25971211 PMCID: PMC4653023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that has recently been implicated as having a role in ECS cell survival. In the present study we investigate the role of TG2 in regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ECS cells. Our studies show that TG2 knockdown or treatment with TG2 inhibitor, results in a reduced EMT marker expression, and reduced cell migration and invasion. TG2 has several activities, but the most prominent are its transamidase and GTP binding activity. Analysis of a series of TG2 mutants reveals that TG2 GTP binding activity, but not the transamidase activity, is required for expression of EMT markers (Twist, Snail, Slug, vimentin, fibronectin, N-cadherin and HIF-1α), and increased ECS cell invasion and migration. This coupled with reduced expression of E-cadherin. Additional studies indicate that NF&#ξ03BA;B signaling, which has been implicated as mediating TG2 impact on EMT in breast cancer cells, is not involved in TG2 regulation of EMT in skin cancer. These studies suggest that TG2 is required for maintenance of ECS cell EMT, invasion and migration, and suggests that inhibiting TG2 GTP binding/G-protein related activity may reduce skin cancer tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Candace Kerr
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tatsukawa H, Furutani Y, Hitomi K, Kojima S. Transglutaminase 2 has opposing roles in the regulation of cellular functions as well as cell growth and death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2244. [PMID: 27253408 PMCID: PMC5143380 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is primarily known as the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family with Ca2+-dependent protein crosslinking activity; however, this enzyme exhibits multiple additional functions through GTPase, cell adhesion, protein disulfide isomerase, kinase, and scaffold activities and is associated with cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. TG2 is found in the extracellular matrix, plasma membrane, cytosol, mitochondria, recycling endosomes, and nucleus, and its subcellular localization is an important determinant of its function. Depending upon the cell type and stimuli, TG2 changes its subcellular localization and biological activities, playing both anti- and pro-apoptotic roles. Increasing evidence indicates that the GTP-bound form of the enzyme (in its closed form) protects cells from apoptosis but that the transamidation activity of TG2 (in its open form) participates in both facilitating and inhibiting apoptosis. A difficulty in the study and understanding of this enigmatic protein is that opposing effects have been reported regarding its roles in the same physiological and/or pathological systems. These include neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects, hepatic cell growth-promoting or hepatic cell death-inducing effects, exacerbating or having no effect on liver fibrosis, and anti- and pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cells. The reasons for these discrepancies have been ascribed to TG2's multifunctional activities, genetic variants, conformational changes induced by the immediate environment, and differences in the genetic background of the mice used in each of the experiments. In this article, we first report that TG2 has opposing roles like the protagonist in the novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, followed by a summary of the controversies reported, and finally discuss the possible reasons for these discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tatsukawa
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Furutani
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Hitomi
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Kojima
- Micro-Signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Phoon YP, Cheung AKL, Cheung FMF, Chan KF, Wong S, Wong BWY, Tung SY, Yau CC, Ng WT, Lung ML. IKBB tumor suppressive role in nasopharyngeal carcinomaviaNF-κB-mediated signalling. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:160-70. [PMID: 26227166 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Peng Phoon
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Florence Man Fung Cheung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology; HKU-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Fat Chan
- Department of Pathology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Shun Wong
- Department of Pathology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Bonnie Wing Yan Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Yuk Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Chun Chung Yau
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
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Fisher ML, Keillor JW, Xu W, Eckert RL, Kerr C. Transglutaminase Is Required for Epidermal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cell Survival. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1083-94. [PMID: 25934691 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0685-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for rapid tumor growth, metastasis, and enhanced tumor survival following drug treatment. For this reason, there is a major emphasis on identifying proteins that can be targeted to kill cancer stem cells or control their growth, and transglutaminase type II (TGM2/TG2) is such a target in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma. TG2 was originally described as a transamidase in the extracellular matrix that crosslinks proteins by catalyzing ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine bonds. However, subsequent studies have shown that TG2 is a GTP-binding protein that plays an important role in cell signaling and survival. In the present study, TG2 shows promise as a target for anticancer stem cell therapy in human squamous cell carcinoma. TG2 was determined to be highly elevated in epidermal cancer stem cells (ECS cells), and TG2 knockdown or suppression of TG2 function with inhibitors reduced ECS cell survival, spheroid formation, Matrigel invasion, and migration. The reduction in survival is associated with activation of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies, using TG2 mutants, revealed that the GTP-binding activity is required for maintenance of ECS cell growth and survival, and that the action of TG2 in ECS cells is not mediated by NF-κB signaling. IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that TG2 has an important role in maintaining cancer stem cell survival, invasive, and metastatic behavior and is an important therapeutic target to reduce survival of cancer stem cells in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Candace Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Obara Y, Yanagihata Y, Abe T, Dafik L, Ishii K, Nakahata N. Gα(h)/transglutaminase-2 activity is required for maximal activation of adenylylcyclase 8 in human and rat glioma cells. Cell Signal 2012. [PMID: 23200849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gα(h) (or transglutaminase-2 (TG2)) is an atypical guanine nucleotide binding-protein that associates with G protein-coupled receptors. TG2 also exerts transglutaminase activity that catalyzes posttranslational protein cross-linking with the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine or (γ-glutamyl) polyamine bonds. Here, the role of Gα(h)/TG2 in signal transduction in glial cells was examined in detail. In 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells that lack Gα(h)/TG2, overexpression of Gα(h)/TG2 caused an enhancement of cAMP accumulation stimulated with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, or the adenylylcyclase activator, forskolin. This cAMP-enhancement was reversed by the TG2 inhibitor, ERW1069. In rat C6 glioma cells that express endogenous Gα(h)/TG2, cAMP accumulation induced by isoproterenol or forskolin was significantly inhibited by overexpression of Gα(h)/TG2-C277V, a dominant-negative mutant that lacks transglutaminase activity, but was not inhibited by the Gα(h)/TG2-S171E mutant that cannot bind GTP/GDP. These results suggest Gα(h)/TG2 potentiates adenylylcyclase activity by its transglutaminase activity and not by its G-protein activity. Gα(h)/TG2 also increased the activities of the cAMP response element and interleukin-6 promoter, accompanied by an of cAMP in both glioma cells. Since adenylylcyclase 8 plays a major role in cAMP production, we focused on post-translational modification of adenylylcyclase 8 by Gα(h)/TG2. Adenylylcyclase 8 is expressed in both 1321N1 and C6 cells; however, Gα(h)/TG2 affected neither adenylylcyclase 8 expression levels, glycosylation, nor dimerization status. In contrast, pentylamine, a substrate of Gα(h)/TG2, was incorporated into adenylylcyclase 8 in a transglutaminase activity-dependent manner. Taking these results together, Gα(h)/TG2 promotes cAMP production accompanied by a modification of adenylylcyclase 8 in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Obara
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Yoo JW, Hong SW, Bose S, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Kim SY, Lee DK. The Role of Transglutaminase in Double-stranded DNA-Triggered Antiviral Innate Immune Response. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.11.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim SY. Transglutaminase 2: a new paradigm for NF-kappaB involvement in disease. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:161-95. [PMID: 22220474 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Cancer cells promote survival through depletion of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor by protein crosslinking. Oncogene 2011; 30:4780-90. [PMID: 21625219 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-mediated signaling is associated with different tumors including renal cell carcinoma. NF-κB- and IGF-1-mediated signaling is found to be inhibited in the presence of wild-type von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppresser gene. Therefore, negative regulator of VHL may be a good target for regulating NF-κB and IGF-1R. In this study, we found that VHL, a tumor suppressor protein that downregulates the NF-κB activity and the stability of IGF-1R was depleted by TGase 2 through polymerization via crosslinking and proteasomal degradation in kidney, breast and ovary cancer cell lines. We also found that TGase 2 knockdown promotes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) degradation, and thereby decrease HIF-1α transcriptional activity. Importantly, VHL expression was decreased in vivo in TGase-2-transgenic mice, and this was associated with increased NF-κB activity and the levels of expression of IGF-1R, HIF-1α and erythropoietin in kidney tissue. These results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation of the VHL tumor suppressor by TGase 2 that appears to be independent of the known cancer regulatory mechanisms.
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Kim DY, Park BS, Hong GU, Lee BJ, Park JW, Kim SY, Ro JY. Anti-inflammatory effects of the R2 peptide, an inhibitor of transglutaminase 2, in a mouse model of allergic asthma, induced by ovalbumin. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:210-25. [PMID: 20840469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) expression is increased in inflammatory diseases, and TGase 2 inhibitors block these increases. We examined whether the R2 peptide inhibited the expression of TGase 2 in a mouse model of inflammatory allergic asthma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. OVA-specific serum IgE and leukotrienes (LTs) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recruitment of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissues and goblet cell hyperplasia were assessed histologically. Airway hyperresponsiveness was determined in a barometric plethysmographic chamber. Expression of TGase 2, eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP), the adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, Muc5ac and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2) ) protein were determined by Western blot. Expression of mRNAs of Muc5ac, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. KEY RESULTS R2 peptide reduced OVA-specific IgE levels; the number of total inflammatory cells, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils in BAL fluid and the number of goblet cells. Airway hyperresponsiveness, TGase 2 and EMBP levels, mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, RANTES, tumour necrosis factor-α, and MMP2/9, Muc5ac, NF-κB activity, PLA(2) activity and expressions, and LT levels in BAL cells and lung tissues were all reduced by R2 peptide. R2 peptide also restored expression of TIMP1/2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS R2 peptide reduced allergic responses by regulating NF-κB/TGase 2 activity in a mouse model of allergic asthma. This peptide may be useful in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Lin H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu B, Zhang W, Cheng J. Prognostic significance of kappaB-Ras1 expression in gliomas. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1272-9. [PMID: 21302000 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator that plays important roles in cell differentiation, growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Constitutive NF-kappa-B is overexpressed and activated in various tumors, including gliomas. Here, we investigated the expression of NF-kappa-B inhibitor interacting ras-like protein 1 (κB-Ras1), which is one of the most important negative modulators of NF-kappa-B, and a well-known proliferation biomarker survivin protein. We performed immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis on 154 glioma specimens and 3 non-neoplastic brain parenchyma specimens. Immunohistochemistry showed a strong-to-weak range of κB-Ras1 staining with increasing pathologic grade of glioma (P = 0.000). Immunoreactivity scores of κB-Ras1 were 8.15 ± 0.72 in non-neoplastic brain parenchyma, 5.00 ± 0.29 in low-grade gliomas, 3.89 ± 0.30 in anaplasia astrocytomas, and 2.78 ± 0.25 in glioblastomas. In contrast, the immunoreactivity of survivin increased with pathological grade in gliomas. The immunohistochemical data were in line with the results from western blot analysis. Moreover, a non-parametric analysis revealed that the attenuated κB-Ras1 expression was correlated with elevated survivin expression, large tumor diameter, frequent intra-tumor necrosis, and worse overall survival. These results indicated that κB-Ras1 was down-regulated in gliomas compared to non-neoplastic brain parenchyma, and the expression was even lower in glioblastomas. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that κB-Ras1 expression and intra-tumor necrosis were two important prognostic factors identified by the Cox proportional hazards model. Taken together, our study suggests that glioma patients with lower κB-Ras1 expression have a worse prognosis, which is partly due to NF-kappa-B pathway-mediated aberrant proliferation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.17 Changle Western Road, 710032 Xi'an, China
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Quantitative evaluation of transcriptional activation of NF-κB p65 and p50 subunits and IκBα encoding genes in colon cancer cells by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans endotoxin. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 55:657-61. [PMID: 21253915 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of p65, p50 and IκBα mRNAs was performed by real time QRT-PCR in Caco-2 cells treated with 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans LPS for 1, 6, 12, and 24 h. A strong increase in expression of p65 and IλBα genes was induced by 10 and 100 μg/mL of LPS at 1 h; after 6 h higher transcript amounts of both genes were observed at 100 μg/mL LPS. The p65 expression level was significantly increased by 50 and 100 μg/mL at 12 h and lowered by all LPS doses at 24 h. No significant differences between IκBα mRNA quantity in cells exposed to LPS at 12 and 24 h were observed. No changes in expression of p50 mRNA were induced by LPS. The expression of p65 gene positively correlated with IκBα gene expression. D. desulfuricans LPS is capable of modulating transcriptional activity of p65 and IκBα genes in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Park KS, Kim HK, Lee JH, Choi YB, Park SY, Yang SH, Kim SY, Hong KM. Transglutaminase 2 as a cisplatin resistance marker in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:493-502. [PMID: 19763620 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, it was reported that expression of transglutaminase 2 plays an important role in doxorubicin/cisplatin resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. The aims of this study were to verify the role of transglutaminase 2 in cisplatin response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to study if transglutaminase 2 gene (TGM2) methylation can be a molecular marker for good response to cisplatin. METHODS TGM2 promoter methylation was analyzed by sodium bisulfite sequencing. Cisplatin sensitivity was analyzed by treatment of cisplatin in NSCLC cell lines with/without TGM2 or TGM2 siRNA transfection. RESULTS In one-third of NSCLC cell lines, TGase 2 gene (TGM2) was silenced by promoter methylation. The TGM2 promoter-methylated cell lines (HCC-95 and HCC-1588) showed relatively higher sensitivity to cisplatin than the TGM2-expressing cell lines (NCI-H1299 and HCC-1195). Down-regulation and over-expression of TGM2 in those NSCLC cells also suggested a positive correlation of cisplatin sensitivity and TGM2 inhibition. With doxorubicin, the relationship was quite similar. CONCLUSIONS We showed that good responders of cisplatin in NSCLC could be identified by the promoter methylation of TGM2 and that TGase 2 inhibition appears to be an effective cisplatin-sensitizing modality in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Seo Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 410-769, Korea
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