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Moon DO. Deciphering the Role of BCAR3 in Cancer Progression: Gene Regulation, Signal Transduction, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1674. [PMID: 38730626 PMCID: PMC11083344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the gene BCAR3, detailing its regulation at the gene, mRNA, and protein structure levels, and delineating its multifunctional roles in cellular signaling within cancer contexts. The discussion covers BCAR3's involvement in integrin signaling and its impact on cancer cell migration, its capability to induce anti-estrogen resistance, and its significant functions in cell cycle regulation. Further highlighted is BCAR3's modulation of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, a novel area of interest that holds potential for innovative cancer therapies. Looking forward, this review outlines essential future research directions focusing on transcription factor binding studies, isoform-specific expression profiling, therapeutic targeting of BCAR3, and its role in immune cell function. Each segment builds towards a holistic understanding of BCAR3's operational mechanisms, presenting a critical evaluation of its therapeutic potential in oncology. This synthesis aims to not only extend current knowledge but also catalyze further research that could pivotally influence the development of targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Bradbury PM, Turner K, Mitchell C, Griffin KR, Middlemiss S, Lau L, Dagg R, Taran E, Cooper-White J, Fabry B, O’Neill GM. The focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of p130 Crk associated substrate (p130Cas) confers mechanosensing function. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1263-1273. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cas family of focal adhesion proteins contain a highly conserved C-terminal focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain. To determine the role of the FAT domain we compared wildtype exogenous NEDD9 with a hybrid construct in which the NEDD9 FAT domain is exchanged for the p130Cas FAT domain. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed significantly slowed exchange of the fusion protein at focal adhesions and significantly slower 2D migration. No differences were detected in cell stiffness measured with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and cell adhesion forces measured with a magnetic tweezer device. Thus the slowed migration was not due to changes in cell stiffness or adhesion strength. Analysis of cell migration on surfaces of increasing rigidity revealed a striking reduction of cell motility in cells expressing the p130Cas FAT domain. The p130Cas FAT domain induced rigidity-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the NEDD9 substrate domain. This in turn reduced post-translational cleavage of NEDD9 which we show inhibits NEDD9-induced migration. Collectively, our data therefore suggest that the p130Cas FAT domain uniquely confers mechanosensing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta M. Bradbury
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2000, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie Turner
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camilla Mitchell
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn R. Griffin
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shiloh Middlemiss
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Loretta Lau
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Dagg
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elena Taran
- Australian National Fabrication Facility- Queensland node, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Geraldine M. O’Neill
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, 2145, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2000, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Ibrahim R, Lemoine A, Bertoglio J, Raingeaud J. Human enhancer of filamentation 1-induced colorectal cancer cell migration: Role of serine phosphorylation and interaction with the breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 protein. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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4
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How to find a leucine in a haystack? Structure, ligand recognition and regulation of leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motifs. Biochem J 2014; 460:317-29. [PMID: 24870021 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LD motifs (leucine-aspartic acid motifs) are short helical protein-protein interaction motifs that have emerged as key players in connecting cell adhesion with cell motility and survival. LD motifs are required for embryogenesis, wound healing and the evolution of multicellularity. LD motifs also play roles in disease, such as in cancer metastasis or viral infection. First described in the paxillin family of scaffolding proteins, LD motifs and similar acidic LXXLL interaction motifs have been discovered in several other proteins, whereas 16 proteins have been reported to contain LDBDs (LD motif-binding domains). Collectively, structural and functional analyses have revealed a surprising multivalency in LD motif interactions and a wide diversity in LDBD architectures. In the present review, we summarize the molecular basis for function, regulation and selectivity of LD motif interactions that has emerged from more than a decade of research. This overview highlights the intricate multi-level regulation and the inherently noisy and heterogeneous nature of signalling through short protein-protein interaction motifs.
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Adaptors for disorders of the brain? The cancer signaling proteins NEDD9, CASS4, and PTK2B in Alzheimer's disease. Oncoscience 2014; 1:486-503. [PMID: 25594051 PMCID: PMC4278314 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
No treatment strategies effectively limit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. The absence of viable treatment options reflects the fact that the pathophysiology and genotypic causes of the disease are not well understood. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has made it possible to broadly investigate genotypic alterations driving phenotypic occurrences. Recent studies have associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two paralogous scaffolding proteins, NEDD9 and CASS4, and the kinase PTK2B, with susceptibility to late-onset AD (LOAD). Intriguingly, NEDD9, CASS4, and PTK2B have been much studied as interacting partners regulating oncogenesis and metastasis, and all three are known to be active in the brain during development and in cancer. However, to date, the majority of studies of these proteins have emphasized their roles in the directly cancer relevant processes of migration and survival signaling. We here discuss evidence for roles of NEDD9, CASS4 and PTK2B in additional processes, including hypoxia, vascular changes, inflammation, microtubule stabilization and calcium signaling, as potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of LOAD. Reciprocally, these functions can better inform our understanding of the action of NEDD9, CASS4 and PTK2B in cancer.
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Rajendran V, Sethumadhavan R, Purohit R. Investigation of binding phenomenon of NSP3 and p130Cas mutants and their effect on cell signalling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:623-33. [PMID: 23494262 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Members of the novel SH2-containing protein (NSP3) and Crk-associated substrate (p130Cas) protein families form a multi-domain signalling platforms that mediate cell signalling process. We analysed the damaging consequences of three mutations, each from NSP3 (NSP3(L469R), NSP3(L623E), NSP3(R627E)) and p130Cas (p130Cas(F794R), p130Cas(L787E), p130Cas(D797R)) protein with respect to their native biological partners. Mutations depicted notable loss in interaction affinity towards their corresponding biological partners. NSP3(L469R) and p130Cas(D797R) mutations were predicted as most prominent in docking analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies were conducted to evaluate structural consequences of most prominent mutation in NSP3 and p130Cas obtained from the docking analysis. MD analysis confirmed that mutation in NSP3(L469R) and p130Cas(D797R) showed significant structural deviation, changes in conformations and increased flexibility, which in turn affected the binding affinity with their biological partners. Moreover, the root mean square fluctuation has indicated a rise in fluctuation of residues involved in moderate interaction acquired between the NSP3 and p130Cas. It has significantly affected the binding interaction in mutant complexes. The results obtained in this work present a detailed overview of molecular mechanisms involved in the loss of cell signalling associated with NSP3 and p130Cas protein.
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7
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Wallez Y, Riedl SJ, Pasquale EB. Association of the breast cancer antiestrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1) and BCAR3 scaffolding proteins in cell signaling and antiestrogen resistance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10431-10444. [PMID: 24584939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive and treated with antiestrogens, but aberrant signaling networks can induce drug resistance. One of these networks involves the scaffolding protein BCAR1/p130CAS, which regulates cell growth and migration/invasion. A less investigated scaffolding protein that also confers antiestrogen resistance is the SH2 domain-containing protein BCAR3. BCAR1 and BCAR3 bind tightly to each other through their C-terminal domains, thus potentially connecting their associated signaling networks. However, recent studies using BCAR1 and BCAR3 interaction mutants concluded that association between the two proteins is not critical for many of their interrelated activities regulating breast cancer malignancy. We report that these previously used BCAR mutations fail to cause adequate loss-of-function of the complex. By using structure-based BCAR1 and BCAR3 mutants that lack the ability to interact, we show that BCAR3-induced antiestrogen resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells critically depends on its ability to bind BCAR1. Interaction with BCAR3 increases the levels of phosphorylated BCAR1, ultimately potentiating BCAR1-dependent antiestrogen resistance. Furthermore, antiestrogen resistance in cells overexpressing BCAR1/BCAR3 correlates with increased ERK1/2 activity. Inhibiting ERK1/2 through overexpression of the regulatory protein PEA15 negates the resistance, revealing a key role for ERK1/2 in BCAR1/BCAR3-induced antiestrogen resistance. Reverse-phase protein array data show that PEA15 levels in invasive breast cancers correlate with patient survival, suggesting that PEA15 can override ERK1/2 activation by BCAR1/BCAR3 and other upstream regulators. We further uncovered that the BCAR3-related NSP3 can also promote antiestrogen resistance. Thus, strategies to disrupt BCAR1-BCAR3/NSP3 complexes and associated signaling networks could ultimately lead to new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wallez
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stefan J Riedl
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego California 92093.
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8
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Baquiran JB, Bradbury P, O'Neill GM. Tyrosine Y189 in the substrate domain of the adhesion docking protein NEDD9 is conserved with p130Cas Y253 and regulates NEDD9-mediated migration and focal adhesion dynamics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69304. [PMID: 23874939 PMCID: PMC3706375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion docking protein NEDD9/HEF1/Cas-L regulates cell migration and cancer invasion. NEDD9 is a member of the Cas family of proteins that share conserved overall protein-protein interaction domain structure, including a substrate domain that is characterized by extensive tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation. Previous studies have suggested that phosphorylation of Y253 in the substrate domain of the Cas family protein p130Cas is specifically required for p130Cas function in cell migration. While it is clear that tyrosine phosphorylation of the NEDD9 substrate domain is similarly required for the regulation of cell motility, whether individual NEDD9 tyrosine residues have discrete function in regulating motility has not previously been reported. In the present study we have used a global sequence alignment of Cas family proteins to identify a putative NEDD9 equivalent of p130Cas Y253. We find that NEDD9 Y189 aligns with p130Cas Y253 and that it is conserved among NEDD9 vertebrate orthologues. Expression of NEDD9 in which Y189 is mutated to phenylalanine results in increased rates of cell migration and is correlated with increased disassembly of GFP.NEDD9 focal adhesions. Conversely, mutation to Y189D significantly inhibits cell migration. Our previous data has suggested that NEDD9 stabilizes focal adhesions and the present data therefore suggests that phosphorylation of Y189 NEDD9 is required for this function. These findings indicate that the individual tyrosine residues of the NEDD9 substrate domain may serve discrete functional roles. Given the important role of this protein in promoting cancer invasion, greater understanding of the function of the individual tyrosine residues is important for the future design of approaches to target NEDD9 to arrest cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime B. Baquiran
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geraldine M. O'Neill
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Makkinje A, Vanden Borre P, Near RI, Patel PS, Lerner A. Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3) protein augments binding of the c-Src SH3 domain to Crk-associated substrate (p130cas). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27703-14. [PMID: 22711540 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion adapter protein p130(cas) regulates adhesion and growth factor-related signaling, in part through Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of p130(cas). AND-34/BCAR3, one of three NSP family members, binds the p130(cas) carboxyl terminus, adjacent to a bipartite p130(cas) Src-binding domain (SBD) and induces anti-estrogen resistance in breast cancer cell lines as well as phosphorylation of p130(cas). Only a subset of the signaling properties of BCAR3, specifically augmented motility, are dependent upon formation of the BCAR3-p130(cas) complex. Using GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation studies, we show that among NSP family members, only BCAR3 augments the ability of p130(cas) to bind the Src SH3 domain through an RPLPSPP motif in the p130(cas) SBD. Although our prior work identified phosphorylation of the serine within the p130(cas) RPLPSPP motif, mutation of this residue to alanine or glutamic acid did not alter BCAR3-induced Src SH3 domain binding to p130(cas). The ability of BCAR3 to augment Src SH3 binding requires formation of a BCAR3-p130(cas) complex because mutations that reduce association between these two proteins block augmentation of Src SH3 domain binding. Similarly, in MCF-7 cells, BCAR3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the p130(cas) substrate domain, previously shown to be Src-dependent, was reduced by an R743A mutation that blocks BCAR3 association with p130(cas). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrate that BCAR3 expression alters the intracellular location of both p130(cas) and Src and that all three proteins co-localize. Our work suggests that BCAR3 expression may regulate Src signaling in a BCAR3-p130(cas) complex-dependent fashion by altering the ability of the Src SH3 domain to bind the p130(cas) SBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Makkinje
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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10
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Mace PD, Wallez Y, Dobaczewska MK, Lee JJ, Robinson H, Pasquale EB, Riedl SJ. NSP-Cas protein structures reveal a promiscuous interaction module in cell signaling. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:1381-7. [PMID: 22081014 PMCID: PMC3230775 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NSP and Cas family proteins form multidomain signaling platforms that mediate cell migration and invasion through a collection of distinct signaling motifs. Members of each family interact via their respective C-terminal domains, but the mechanism of this association has remained enigmatic. Here we present the crystal structures of the C-terminal domain from the human NSP protein BCAR3 and the complex of NSP3 with p130Cas. BCAR3 adopts the Cdc25-homology fold of Ras GTPase exchange factors, but exhibits a “closed” conformation incapable of enzymatic activity. The NSP3–p130Cas complex structure reveals that this closed conformation is instrumental for interaction of NSP proteins with a focal adhesion-targeting domain present in Cas proteins. This enzyme to adaptor conversion enables high affinity, yet promiscuous, interactions between NSP and Cas proteins and represents an unprecedented mechanistic paradigm linking cellular signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Mace
- Program of Apoptosis and Cell Death Research, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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Hundt W, Yuh EL, Burbelko M, Kiessling A, Bednarski MD, Steinbach S. Gene expression analysis of SCC tumor cells in muscle tissue. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:1653-63. [PMID: 22002462 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate microarray technology of HNSCC cells in muscle tissue. 200 SCCVII tumor cells were injected intramuscularly into the right flank of ten C3H/Km mice each. One week later the animals were killed and the tissue taken out. Histology (H&E staining) and microarray of the tissue were performed. Histology showed a few tumor cells between the muscle fibers. Microarray technology showed different gene expression pattern of the muscle tissue with SCCVII cells in comparison with normal muscle tissue. Only those genes showing a fold change difference of 5 or higher were considered. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of SCCVII cells in muscle tissue in 220 genes. Significant gene expression differences between SCCVII cells in muscle tissue and pure muscle tissue could be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hundt
- Department of Radiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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12
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Estradiol stabilizes the 105-kDa phospho-form of the adhesion docking protein NEDD9 and suppresses NEDD9-dependent cell spreading in breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Vanden Borre P, Near RI, Makkinje A, Mostoslavsky G, Lerner A. BCAR3/AND-34 can signal independent of complex formation with CAS family members or the presence of p130Cas. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1030-40. [PMID: 21262352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BCAR3 binds to the carboxy-terminus of p130Cas, a focal adhesion adapter protein. Both BCAR3 and p130Cas have been linked to resistance to anti-estrogens in breast cancer, Rac activation and cell motility. Using R743A BCAR3, a point mutant that has lost the ability to bind p130Cas, we find that BCAR3-p130Cas complex formation is not required for BCAR3-mediated anti-estrogen resistance, Rac activation or discohesion of epithelial breast cancer cells. Complex formation was also not required for BCAR3-induced lamellipodia formation in BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts but was required for optimal BCAR3-induced motility. Although both wildtype and R743A BCAR3 induced phosphorylation of p130Cas and the related adapter protein HEF1/NEDD9, chimeric NSP3:BCAR3 experiments demonstrate that such phosphorylation does not correlate with BCAR3-induced anti-estrogen resistance or lamellipodia formation. Wildtype but not R743A BCAR3 induced lamellipodia formation and augmented cell motility in p130Cas(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), suggesting that while p130Cas itself is not strictly required for these endpoints, complex formation with other CAS family members is, at least in cells lacking p130Cas. Overall, our work suggests that many, but not all, BCAR3-mediated signaling events in epithelial and mesenchymal cells are independent of p130Cas association. These studies also indicate that disruption of the BCAR3-p130Cas complex is unlikely to reverse BCAR3-mediated anti-estrogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vanden Borre
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA, United States
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14
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Falconer RJ, Collins BM. Survey of the year 2009: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2010; 24:1-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Donato DM, Ryzhova LM, Meenderink LM, Kaverina I, Hanks SK. Dynamics and mechanism of p130Cas localization to focal adhesions. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:20769-79. [PMID: 20430882 PMCID: PMC2898362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The docking protein p130Cas is a major Src substrate involved in integrin signaling and mechanotransduction. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas in focal adhesions (FAs) has been linked to enhanced cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. However, the mechanism of p130Cas targeting to FAs is uncertain, and dynamic aspects of its localization have not been explored. Using live cell microscopy, we show that fluorophore-tagged p130Cas is a component of FAs throughout the FA assembly and disassembly stages, although it resides transiently in FAs with a high mobile fraction. Deletion of either the N-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain or the Cas-family C-terminal homology (CCH) domain significantly impaired p130Cas FA localization, and deletion of both domains resulted in full exclusion. Focal adhesion kinase was implicated in the FA targeting function of the p130Cas SH3 domain. Consistent with their roles in FA targeting, both the SH3 and CCH domains were found necessary for p130Cas to fully undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and promote cell migration. By revealing the capacity of p130Cas to function in FAs throughout their lifetime, clarifying FA targeting mechanism, and demonstrating the functional importance of the highly conserved CCH domain, our results advance the understanding of an important aspect of integrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M. Donato
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Larisa M. Ryzhova
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Leslie M. Meenderink
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Irina Kaverina
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Steven K. Hanks
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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16
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Alexandropoulos K, Regelmann AG. Regulation of T-lymphocyte physiology by the Chat-H/CasL adapter complex. Immunol Rev 2010; 232:160-74. [PMID: 19909363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Cas family of proteins consists of at least four members implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and cancer cell metastasis. Cas family members have conserved C-termini that mediate constitutive heterotypic interactions with members of a different group of proteins, the NSP family. Both the Cas and NSP proteins have conserved domains that mediate protein-protein interactions with other cytoplasmic intermediates. Signaling modules assembled by these proteins in turn regulate signal transduction downstream of a variety of receptors including integrin, chemokine, and antigen receptors. T lymphocytes express the NSP protein NSP3/Chat-H and the Cas protein Hef1/CasL, which are found in a constitutive complex in naive T cells. We recently showed that Chat-H and Hef1/CasL regulate integrin-mediated adhesion and promote T-cell migration and trafficking downstream of activated chemokine receptors. It is currently unclear if the Chat-H/CasL module also plays a role in antigen receptor signaling. Here we review our current knowledge of how Chat-H and Hef1/CasL regulate T-cell physiology and whether this protein complex plays a functional role downstream of T-cell receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Alexandropoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, The Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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17
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Tikhmyanova N, Little JL, Golemis EA. CAS proteins in normal and pathological cell growth control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1025-48. [PMID: 19937461 PMCID: PMC2836406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the CAS (Crk-associated substrate) family (BCAR1/p130Cas, NEDD9/HEF1/Cas-L, EFS/SIN and CASS4/HEPL) are integral players in normal and pathological cell biology. CAS proteins act as scaffolds to regulate protein complexes controlling migration and chemotaxis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and differentiation, and have more recently been linked to a role in progenitor cell function. Reflecting these complex functions, over-expression of CAS proteins has now been strongly linked to poor prognosis and increased metastasis in cancer, as well as resistance to first-line chemotherapeutics in multiple tumor types including breast and lung cancers, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Further, CAS proteins have also been linked to additional pathological conditions including inflammatory disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as developmental defects. This review will explore the roles of the CAS proteins in normal and pathological states in the context of the many mechanistic insights into CAS protein function that have emerged in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Tikhmyanova
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
| | - Joy L. Little
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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The substrate domain of BCAR1 is essential for anti-estrogen-resistant proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 120:401-8. [PMID: 19412734 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To unravel the mechanisms underlying failure of endocrine therapy of breast cancer, we have previously executed a functional genetic screen and identified the adaptor protein BCAR1 to be causative for tamoxifen resistance. As a consequence of the manifold of interactions with other proteins, we characterized the contribution of individual protein domains of BCAR1 to anti-estrogen-resistant proliferation of human breast cancer cells. We took advantage of the observation that the closely related family member HEF1 was unable to support long-term anti-estrogen-resistant cell proliferation. Chimerical proteins containing defined domains of BCAR1 and HEF1 were evaluated for anti-estrogen-resistant growth. Exchange of the SH3 and C-terminal domains did not modify the capacity to support cell proliferation. Full support of anti-estrogen resistant proliferation was observed for chimerical molecules containing the central part of BCAR1. The bi-partite SRC-binding site or the Serine-rich domain did not explain the differential capacity of BCAR1. These findings indicate that the differences between BCAR1 and HEF1 with respect to support of anti-estrogen resistance reside in the substrate domain which contains multiple sites for tyrosine phosphorylation. The crucial interactions required for anti-estrogen resistance occur within the substrate domain of BCAR1. Further deciphering of these interactions may resolve the growth regulatory mechanism and provide an explanation for the observation that primary tumors with high levels of BCAR1 are likely to fail on tamoxifen therapy. This information may also help to devise alternative personalized treatment strategies with improved outcome for breast cancer patients.
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