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Dadi P, Pauling CW, Shrivastava A, Shah DD. Synthesis of versatile neuromodulatory molecules by a gut microbial glutamate decarboxylase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.583032. [PMID: 38915512 PMCID: PMC11195143 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.583032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the microbiome correlates with many neurological disorders, yet very little is known about the chemistry that controls the production of neuromodulatory molecules by gut microbes. Here, we found that an enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (BfGAD) of a gut microbe Bacteroides fragilis forms multiple neuromodulatory molecules such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), hypotaurine, taurine, homotaurine, and β-alanine. We evolved BfGAD and doubled its taurine productivity. Additionally, we increased its specificity towards the substrate L-glutamate. Here, we provide a chemical strategy via which the BfGAD activity could be fine-tuned. In future, this strategy could be used to modulate the production of neuromodulatory molecules by gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Dadi
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Clint W. Pauling
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Abhishek Shrivastava
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Dhara D. Shah
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306
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2
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Hao M, Cui R, Zhu X, Han L, Zhou Z, Liu Z. Improving the activity and synergistic catalysis of l-aspartate β-decarboxylase by arginine introduction on the surface. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00700b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of arginine on the surface relieved the pH-dependent inactivation of l-aspartate-β-decarboxylase, which promoted its application in synthetic biology and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Hao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu-qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruizhi Cui
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu-qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu-qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Laichuang Han
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu-qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu-qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu-qu, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, China
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3
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Phillips RS, Ting SCK, Anderson K. Structure and Mechanism of d-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate Ammonia-lyase: A Novel Octameric Assembly for a Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme, and Unprecedented Stereochemical Inversion in the Elimination Reaction of a d-Amino Acid. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1609-1618. [PMID: 33949189 PMCID: PMC8359929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
d-Glucosaminate-6-phosphate ammonia-lyase (DGL) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that produces 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate 6-phosphate (KDG-6-P) in the metabolism of d-glucosaminic acid by Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. We have determined the crystal structure of DGL by SAD phasing with selenomethionine to a resolution of 2.58 Å. The sequence has very low identity with most other members of the aminotransferase (AT) superfamily. The structure forms an octameric assembly as a tetramer of dimers that has not been observed previously in the AT superfamily. PLP is covalently bound as a Schiff base to Lys-213 in the catalytic dimer at the interface of two monomers. The structure lacks the conserved arginine that binds the α-carboxylate of the substrate in most members of the AT superfamily. However, there is a cluster of arginines in the small domain that likely serves as a binding site for the phosphate of the substrate. The deamination reaction performed in D2O gives a KDG-6-P product stereospecifically deuterated at C3; thus, the mechanism must involve an enamine intermediate that is protonated by the enzyme before product release. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis demonstrates that the deuterium is located in the pro-R position in the product, showing that the elimination of water takes place with inversion of configuration at C3, which is unprecedented for a PLP-dependent dehydratase/deaminase. On the basis of the crystal structure and the NMR data, a reaction mechanism for DGL is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Samuel C-K Ting
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kaitlin Anderson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Liu Z, Wang X, Yu J, Han L, Zhou Z. Characterization and rational modification of aspartate 4-decarboxylase from Acinetobacter radioresistens for the production of l-alanine. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2493-2502. [PMID: 33760222 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of l-alanine has the advantages of less byproducts, strong stereoselectivity, and high catalytic efficiency. Aspartate 4-decarboxylase (ASD) is used industrially in DL-aspartic acid resolution and l-alanine production because it catalyzes the decarboxylation of l-aspartic acid. In this study, the ASD gene from Acinetobacter radioresistens (ArASD) was cloned, and its enzymatic properties were analyzed. ArASD is a dodecamer and has the highest enzyme activity ever reported to date. The optimal conditions for ArASD catalysis are 50°C and pH 4.5. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to improve ArASD stability under acidic conditions to compensate for its weak acid resistance, and the variant N35D with higher catalytic ability was obtained. The conversion by N35 recombinant cells of l-aspartic acid to l-alanine was 92.5% at pH 4.5% and 99.9% at pH 6.0, whereas that of the wild-type recombinant cells was 29.7% and 31.4%, respectively. Aspartase from Escherichia coli (AspA) was employed with ArASD to construct a dual-enzyme system that catalyzes fumaric acid to l-alanine, and the conversion reached 97.1% using recombinant cells harboring the dual-enzyme system. This study explored the enzymatic properties of ArASD and an effective strategy for the acidic resistance modification of ASD. Moreover, the strain expressing the ArASD variant and AspA engineered in this study has great potential application for the l-alanine production industry, especially in the case of high optical purity requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education),Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education),Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayin Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education),Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laichuang Han
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education),Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education),Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Lab of enzyme technology and bioprocess engineering, Jiangnan University-Rugao Food Biotechnology Institute, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang M, Hu P, Zheng YC, Zeng BB, Chen Q, Zhang ZJ, Xu JH. Structure-guided engineering of Pseudomonas dacunhael-aspartate β-decarboxylase for l-homophenylalanine synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13876-13879. [PMID: 33094304 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05871h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure-guided engineering of Pseudomonas dacunhael-aspartate β-decarboxylase (AspBDC) resulted in a double mutant (R37A/T382G) with remarkable 15 400-fold improvement in specific activity reaching 216 mU mg-1, towards the target substrate 3(R)-benzyl-l-aspartate. A novel strategy for enzymatic synthesis of l-homophenylalanine was developed by using the variant as a biocatalyst affording 75% product yield within 12 h. Our results underscore the potential of engineered AspBDC for the biocatalytic synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant and value added unnatural l-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Liu Y, Han L, Cheng Z, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Enzymatic Biosynthesis of l-2-Aminobutyric Acid by Glutamate Mutase Coupled with l-Aspartate-β-decarboxylase Using l-Glutamate as the Sole Substrate. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Laichuang Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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7
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The possible role of a bacterial aspartate β-decarboxylase in the biosynthesis of alamandine. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Phillips RS, Crocker M, Lin R, Idowu OE, McCannon DK, Lima S. The roles of Ser-36, Asp-132 and Asp-201 in the reaction of Pseudomonas fluorescens Kynureninase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:722-731. [PMID: 31100408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kynureninase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pfkynase) catalyzes the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent hydrolytic cleavage of L-kynurenine to give anthranilate and L-alanine. Asp-132 and Asp-201 are located in the structure near the pyridine NH of the PLP, with Asp-201 forming a hydrogen bond. Mutation of Asp-132 to alanine and glutamate and Asp-201 to glutamate results in reduced catalytic activity with L-kynurenine and β-benzoyl-L-alanine, but not O-benzoyl-l-serine. D132A, D132E D201E and S36A mutant Pfkynases all can form quinonoid and vinylogous amide intermediates with β-benzoyl-L-alanine, similar to wild-type enzyme. D132A, D132E, and D201E Pfkynase react more slowly with β-benzoyl-L-alanine and benzaldehyde to form an aldol product absorbing at 490 nm than wild-type, with D132E reacting the slowest. The 1H NMR spectra of wild-type and D201E Pfkynase are very similar in the low field region from 10 to 18 ppm, but that of D132A Pfkynase is missing a resonance at 13.1 ppm. These results show that these residues modulate the reactivity of the PLP at different stages during the reaction cycle. Ser-36 is located near the expected location of the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate. Mutation of Ser-36 to alanine results in a 230-fold reduction of kcat and 30-fold reduction in kcat/Km with L-kynurenine, but very little effect on the reaction of O-benzoyl-l-serine. Thus, the rate-determining step in the reaction of S36A Pfkynase is the Cβ-Cγ bond cleavage. These results support the hypothesis that Ser-36 together with Tyr-226 is part of an oxyanion hole that polarizes the carbonyl of the substrate in the catalytic mechanism of Pfkynase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Mori Crocker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Richard Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - O Elijah Idowu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - David K McCannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
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Identification of the incednine biosynthetic gene cluster: characterization of novel β-glutamate-β-decarboxylase IdnL3. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:691-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Skellam EJ, Stewart AK, Strangman WK, Wright JLC. Identification of micromonolactam, a new polyene macrocyclic lactam from two marine Micromonospora strains using chemical and molecular methods: clarification of the biosynthetic pathway from a glutamate starter unit. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:431-41. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Harris AP, Phillips RS. Benzimidazole analogs of (L)-tryptophan are substrates and inhibitors of tryptophan indole lyase from Escherichia coli. FEBS J 2013; 280:1807-17. [PMID: 23438036 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan indole lyase (TIL), an enzyme found in Escherichia coli and related enterobacteria, produces indole from l-tryptophan (l-Trp). Indole is a signaling molecule in bacteria, affecting biofilm formation, pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. β-(Benzimidazol-1-yl)-l-alanine (BZI-Ala), 2-amino-4-(benzimidazol-1-yl)butyric acid (homo-BZI-Ala) and 2-amino-5-(benzimidazol-1-yl)pentanoic acid (bishomo-BZI-Ala) were synthesized and tested as substrates and inhibitors of TIL. BZI-Ala is a good substrate of TIL, with Km = 300 μm, kcat = 5.6 s(-1) and kcat /Km = 1.9 × 10(4) , similar to l-Trp. BZI-Ala is also a good substrate for H463F mutant TIL, which has very low activity with l-Trp. In contrast, homo-BZI-Ala was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of TIL, with a Ki of 13.4 μm. However, the higher homolog, bishomo-BZI-Ala, was inactive as an inhibitor of TIL at a concentration of 600 μm, and is thus a much weaker inhibitor. The reaction of TIL with BZI-Ala was too fast to be observed in the stopped-flow spectrophotometer, and shows an aldimine intermediate in the steady state. However, H463F TIL shows equilibrating mixtures of aldimine and quinonoid complexes in the steady state. The spectra of the reaction of TIL with homo-BZI-Ala show a rapidly formed intermediate absorbing at 340 nm, probably a gem-diamine, that decays slowly to form a quinonoid complex absorbing at 494 nm. The potent binding of homo-BZI-Ala may be due to it being a 'bi-product' analog of the indole-α-aminoacrylate complex. These results demonstrate that an amino acid substrate may be converted to a potent inhibitor of TIL simply by homologation, which may be useful in the design of other potent TIL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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12
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Takaishi M, Kudo F, Eguchi T. A Unique Pathway for the 3-Aminobutyrate Starter Unit from l-Glutamate through β-Glutamate during Biosynthesis of the 24-Membered Macrolactam Antibiotic, Incednine. Org Lett 2012; 14:4591-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takaishi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Comparison of different IlvE aminotransferases in Lactobacillus sakei and investigation of their contribution to aroma formation from branched chain amino acids. Food Microbiol 2012; 29:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Controlling reaction specificity in pyridoxal phosphate enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1407-18. [PMID: 21664990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes are ubiquitous in the nitrogen metabolism of all organisms. They catalyze a wide variety of reactions including racemization, transamination, decarboxylation, elimination, retro-aldol cleavage, Claisen condensation, and others on substrates containing an amino group, most commonly α-amino acids. The wide variety of reactions catalyzed by PLP enzymes is enabled by the ability of the covalent aldimine intermediate formed between substrate and PLP to stabilize carbanionic intermediates at Cα of the substrate. This review attempts to summarize the mechanisms by which reaction specificity can be achieved in PLP enzymes by focusing on three aspects of these reactions: stereoelectronic effects, protonation state of the external aldimine intermediate, and interaction of the carbanionic intermediate with the protein side chains present in the active site. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pyridoxal Phosphate Enzymology.
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Luft JR, Snell EH, Detitta GT. Lessons from high-throughput protein crystallization screening: 10 years of practical experience. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:465-80. [PMID: 22646073 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.566857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION X-ray crystallography provides the majority of our structural biological knowledge at a molecular level and, in terms of pharmaceutical design, is a valuable tool to accelerate discovery. It is the premier technique in the field, but its usefulness is significantly limited by the need to grow well-diffracting crystals. It is for this reason that high-throughput crystallization has become a key technology that has matured over the past 10 years through the field of structural genomics. Areas covered : The authors describe their experiences in high-throughput crystallization screening in the context of structural genomics and the general biomedical community. They focus on the lessons learnt from the operation of a high-throughput crystallization-screening laboratory, which to date has screened over 12,500 biological macromolecules. They also describe the approaches taken to maximize the success while minimizing the effort. Through this, the authors hope that the reader will gain an insight into the efficient design of a laboratory and protocols to accomplish high-throughput crystallization on a single-, multiuser laboratory or industrial scale. Expert opinion : High-throughput crystallization screening is readily available but, despite the power of the crystallographic technique, getting crystals is still not a solved problem. High-throughput approaches can help when used skillfully; however, they still require human input in the detailed analysis and interpretation of results to be more successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Luft
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute , 700 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203 , USA +1 716 898 8623 ; +1 716 898 8660 ;
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Phillips RS, Lima S, Khristoforov R, Sudararaju B. Insights into the Mechanism of Pseudomonas dacunhae Aspartate β-Decarboxylase from Rapid-Scanning Stopped-Flow Kinetics. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5066-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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