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Martinez-Peinado N, Martori C, Cortes-Serra N, Sherman J, Rodriguez A, Gascon J, Alberola J, Pinazo MJ, Rodriguez-Cortes A, Alonso-Padilla J. Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Metabolism Modifier Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020688. [PMID: 33445756 PMCID: PMC7828178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and affects over 6 million people worldwide. Development of new drugs to treat this disease remains a priority since those currently available have variable efficacy and frequent adverse effects, especially during the long regimens required for treating the chronic stage of the disease. T. cruzi modulates the host cell-metabolism to accommodate the cell cytosol into a favorable growth environment and acquire nutrients for its multiplication. In this study we evaluated the specific anti-T. cruzi activity of nine bio-energetic modulator compounds. Notably, we identified that 17-DMAG, which targets the ATP-binding site of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), has a very high (sub-micromolar range) selective inhibition of the parasite growth. This inhibitory effect was also highly potent (IC50 = 0.27 μmol L-1) against the amastigote intracellular replicative stage of the parasite. Moreover, molecular docking results suggest that 17-DMAG may bind T. cruzi Hsp90 homologue Hsp83 with good affinity. Evaluation in a mouse model of chronic T. cruzi infection did not show parasite growth inhibition, highlighting the difficulties encountered when going from in vitro assays onto preclinical drug developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (N.C.-S.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Clara Martori
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Nuria Cortes-Serra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (N.C.-S.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Julian Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (J.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (J.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (N.C.-S.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Jordi Alberola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Maria-Jesus Pinazo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (N.C.-S.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
| | - Alheli Rodriguez-Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.M.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (J.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-935812062 (A.R.-C.); +34-932275400 (J.A.-P.)
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-P.); (N.C.-S.); (J.G.); (M.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (J.A.-P.); Tel.: +34-935812062 (A.R.-C.); +34-932275400 (J.A.-P.)
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Structural Basis for Design of New Purine-Based Inhibitors Targeting the Hydrophobic Binding Pocket of Hsp90. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249377. [PMID: 33317068 PMCID: PMC7763603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. BIIB021 is a highly potent Hsp90 inhibitor with remarkable anticancer activity; however, its clinical application is limited by lack of potency and response. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of replacing the hydrophobic moiety of BIIB021, 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine, with various five-membered ring structures on the binding to Hsp90. A focused array of N7/N9-substituted purines, featuring aromatic and non-aromatic rings, was designed, considering the size of hydrophobic pocket B in Hsp90 to obtain insights into their binding modes within the ATP binding site of Hsp90 in terms of π–π stacking interactions in pocket B as well as outer α-helix 4 configurations. The target molecules were synthesized and evaluated for their Hsp90α inhibitory activity in cell-free assays. Among the tested compounds, the isoxazole derivatives 6b and 6c, and the sole six-membered derivative 14 showed favorable Hsp90α inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 1.76 µM, 0.203 µM, and 1.00 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 14 elicited promising anticancer activity against MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and HCT116 cell lines. The X-ray structures of compounds 4b, 6b, 6c, 8, and 14 bound to the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 were determined in order to understand the obtained results and to acquire additional structural insights, which might enable further optimization of BIIB021.
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Two closed ATP- and ADP-dependent conformations in yeast Hsp90 chaperone detected by Mn(II) EPR spectroscopic techniques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:395-404. [PMID: 31862713 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 plays a central role in cell homeostasis by assisting folding and maturation of a large variety of clients. It is a homo-dimer, which functions via hydrolysis of ATP-coupled to conformational changes. Hsp90's conformational cycle in the absence of cochaperones is currently postulated as apo-Hsp90 being an ensemble of "open"/"closed" conformations. Upon ATP binding, Hsp90 adopts an active ATP-bound closed conformation where the N-terminal domains, which comprise the ATP binding site, are in close contact. However, there is no consensus regarding the conformation of the ADP-bound Hsp90, which is considered important for client release. In this work, we tracked the conformational states of yeast Hsp90 at various stages of ATP hydrolysis in frozen solutions employing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, particularly double electron-electron resonance (DEER) distance measurements. Using rigid Gd(III) spin labels, we found the C domains to be dimerized with same distance distribution at all hydrolysis states. Then, we substituted the ATPase Mg(II) cofactor with paramagnetic Mn(II) and followed the hydrolysis state using hyperfine spectroscopy and measured the inter-N-domain distance distributions via Mn(II)-Mn(II) DEER. The point character of the Mn(II) spin label allowed us resolve 2 different closed states: The ATP-bound (prehydrolysis) characterized by a distance distribution having a maximum of 4.3 nm, which broadened and shortened, shifting the mean to 3.8 nm at the ADP-bound state (posthydrolysis). This provides experimental evidence to a second closed conformational state of Hsp90 in solution, referred to as "compact." Finally, the so-called high-energy state, trapped by addition of vanadate, was found structurally similar to the posthydrolysis state.
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A docking-based structural analysis of geldanamycin-derived inhibitor binding to human or Leishmania Hsp90. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14756. [PMID: 31611575 PMCID: PMC6791876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of individuals around the world. Regardless of clinical form, treatment is based primarily on the use of pentavalent antimonials. However, such treatments are prolonged and present intense side effects, which lead to patient abandonment in many cases. The search for chemotherapeutic alternatives has become a priority. Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors have recently come under investigation due to antiparasitic activity in Plasmodium sp., Trypanosoma sp. and Leishmania sp. Some of these inhibitors, such as geldanamycin and its analogs, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG, bind directly to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that different parasite species are more susceptible to some of these inhibitors than host cells. We hypothesized that this increased susceptibility may be due to differences in binding of Hsp90 inhibitors to Leishmania protein compared to host protein. Based on the results of the in silico approach used in the present study, we propose that geldanamycin, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG present an increased tendency to bind to the N-terminal domain of Leishmania amazonensis Hsp83 in comparison to human Hsp90. This could be partially explained by differences in intermolecular interactions between each of these inhibitors and Hsp83 or Hsp90. The present findings demonstrate potential for the use of these inhibitors in the context of anti-Leishmania therapy.
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Daniyan MO, Ojo OT. In silico identification and evaluation of potential interaction of Azadirachta indica phytochemicals with Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein 90. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 87:144-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Minari K, de Azevedo ÉC, Kiraly VTR, Batista FAH, de Moraes FR, de Melo FA, Nascimento AS, Gava LM, Ramos CHI, Borges JC. Thermodynamic analysis of interactions of the Hsp90 with adenosine nucleotides: A comparative perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:125-138. [PMID: 30797004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90s are key proteins in cellular homeostasis since they interact with many client proteins. Several studies indicated that Hsp90s are potential targets for treating diseases, such as cancer or malaria. It has been shown that Hsp90s from different organisms have peculiarities despite their high sequence identity. Therefore, a detailed comparative analysis of several Hsp90 proteins is relevant to the overall understanding of their activity. Accordingly, the goal of this work was to evaluate the interaction of either ADP or ATP with recombinant Hsp90s from different organisms (human α and β isoforms, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania braziliensis, yeast and sugarcane) by isothermal titration calorimetry. The measured thermodynamic signatures of those interactions indicated that despite the high identity among all Hsp90s, they have specific thermodynamic characteristics. Specifically, the interactions with ADP are driven by enthalpy but are opposed by entropy, whereas the interaction with ATP is driven by both enthalpy and entropy. Complimentary structural and molecular dynamics studies suggested that specific interactions with ADP that differ from those with ATP may contribute to the observed enthalpies and entropies. Altogether, the data suggest that selective inhibition may be more easily achieved using analogues of the Hsp90-ADP bound state than those of Hsp90-ATP bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Minari
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Érika Chang de Azevedo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Rogério de Moraes
- Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences Institute, Multiuser Center for Biological Innovation (CMIB), São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Alves de Melo
- Biosciences, Languages, and Exact Sciences Institute, Multiuser Center for Biological Innovation (CMIB), São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | | | - Lisandra Marques Gava
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio César Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
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7
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Protein conformational flexibility modulates kinetics and thermodynamics of drug binding. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2276. [PMID: 29273709 PMCID: PMC5741624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based drug design has often been restricted by the rather static picture of protein-ligand complexes presented by crystal structures, despite the widely accepted importance of protein flexibility in biomolecular recognition. Here we report a detailed experimental and computational study of the drug target, human heat shock protein 90, to explore the contribution of protein dynamics to the binding thermodynamics and kinetics of drug-like compounds. We observe that their binding properties depend on whether the protein has a loop or a helical conformation in the binding site of the ligand-bound state. Compounds bound to the helical conformation display slow association and dissociation rates, high-affinity and high cellular efficacy, and predominantly entropically driven binding. An important entropic contribution comes from the greater flexibility of the helical relative to the loop conformation in the ligand-bound state. This unusual mechanism suggests increasing target flexibility in the bound state by ligand design as a new strategy for drug discovery.
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8
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Non-covalent forces tune the electron transfer complex between ferredoxin and sulfite reductase to optimize enzymatic activity. Biochem J 2016; 473:3837-3854. [PMID: 27551107 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although electrostatic interactions between negatively charged ferredoxin (Fd) and positively charged sulfite reductase (SiR) have been predominantly highlighted to characterize complex formation, the detailed nature of intermolecular forces remains to be fully elucidated. We investigated interprotein forces for the formation of an electron transfer complex between Fd and SiR and their relationship to SiR activity using various approaches over NaCl concentrations between 0 and 400 mM. Fd-dependent SiR activity assays revealed a bell-shaped activity curve with a maximum ∼40-70 mM NaCl and a reverse bell-shaped dependence of interprotein affinity. Meanwhile, intrinsic SiR activity, as measured in a methyl viologen-dependent assay, exhibited saturation above 100 mM NaCl. Thus, two assays suggested that interprotein interaction is crucial in controlling Fd-dependent SiR activity. Calorimetric analyses showed the monotonic decrease in interprotein affinity on increasing NaCl concentrations, distinguished from a reverse bell-shaped interprotein affinity observed from Fd-dependent SiR activity assay. Furthermore, Fd:SiR complex formation and interprotein affinity were thermodynamically adjusted by both enthalpy and entropy through electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions. A residue-based NMR investigation on the addition of SiR to 15N-labeled Fd at the various NaCl concentrations also demonstrated that a combination of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces stabilized the complex with similar interfaces and modulated the binding affinity and mode. Our findings elucidate that non-electrostatic forces are also essential for the formation and modulation of the Fd:SiR complex. We suggest that a complex configuration optimized for maximum enzymatic activity near physiological salt conditions is achieved by structural rearrangement through controlled non-covalent interprotein interactions.
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9
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Kawaguchi K, Saito H, Nagao H. Decomposition analysis of free energy profile for Hsp90-ADP association. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutomo Kawaguchi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nagao
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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A dynamic view of ATP-coupled functioning cycle of Hsp90 N-terminal domain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9542. [PMID: 25867902 PMCID: PMC4394755 DOI: 10.1038/srep09542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the most important chaperones involved in multiple cellular processes. The chaperoning function of Hsp90 is intimately coupled to the ATPase activity presented by its N-terminal domain. However, the molecular mechanism for the ATP-dependent working cycle of Hsp90 is still not fully understood. In this study, we use NMR techniques to investigate the structural characteristics and dynamic behaviors of Hsp90 N-terminal domain in its free and AMPPCP (ATP analogue) or ADP-bound states. We demonstrated that although AMPPCP and ADP bind to almost the same region of Hsp90, significantly different effects on the dynamics behaviors of the key structural elements were observed. AMPPCP binding favors the formation of the active homodimer of Hsp90 by enhancing the slow-motion featured conformational exchanges of those residues (A117–A141) within the lid segment (A111–G135) and around region, while ADP binding keeps Hsp90 staying at the inactive state by increasing the conformational rigidity of the lid segment and around region. Based on our findings, a dynamic working model for the ATP-dependent functioning cycle of Hsp90 was proposed.
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11
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Hao Y, Gu X. Effects of heat shock protein 90 expression on pectoralis major oxidation in broilers exposed to acute heat stress. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2709-17. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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12
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Kawaguchi K, Saito H, Okazaki S, Nagao H. Molecular dynamics study on the free energy profile for dissociation of ADP from N-terminal domain of Hsp90. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Serpersu EH, Norris AL. Effect of protein dynamics and solvent in ligand recognition by promiscuous aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:221-48. [PMID: 22794185 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Engin H Serpersu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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14
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Silva KP, Seraphim TV, Borges JC. Structural and functional studies of Leishmania braziliensis Hsp90. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:351-61. [PMID: 22910377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous Hsp90 is critical for protein homeostasis in the cells, stabilizing "client" proteins in a functional state. Hsp90 activity depends on its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP, involving various conformational changes that are regulated by co-chaperones, posttranslational modifications and small molecules. Compounds like geldanamycin (GA) and radicicol inhibit the Hsp90 ATPase activity by occupying the ATP binding site, which can lead client protein to degradation and also inhibit cell growth and differentiation in protozoan parasites. Our goal was to produce the recombinant Hsp90 of Leishmania braziliensis (LbHsp90) and construct of its N-terminal (LbHsp90N) and N-domain and middle-domain (LbHsp90NM), which lacks the C-terminal dimerization domain, in order to understand how Hsp90 works in protozoa. The recombinant proteins were produced folded as attested by spectroscopy experiments. Hydrodynamic experiments revealed that LbHsp90N and LbHsp90NM behaved as elongated monomers while LbHsp90 is an elongated dimer. All proteins prevented the in vitro citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase aggregation, attesting that they have chaperone activity, and interacted with adenosine ligands with similar dissociation constants. The LbHsp90 has low ATPase activity (k(cat)=0.320min(-1)) in agreement with Hsp90 orthologs, whereas the LbHsp90NM has negligible activity, suggesting the importance of the dimeric protein for this activity. The GA interacts with LbHsp90 and with its domain constructions with different affinities and also inhibits the LbHsp90 ATPase activity with an IC(50) of 0.7μM. All these results shed light on the LbHsp90 activity and are the first step to understanding the Hsp90 molecular chaperone system in L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Silva
- Grupo de Biologia Molecular e Bioquímica, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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Thermodynamics of aryl-dihydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole binding to human Hsp90. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36899. [PMID: 22655030 PMCID: PMC3360036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of specific inhibitors against the Hsp90 chaperone and other enzyme relies on the detailed and correct understanding of both the thermodynamics of inhibitor binding and the structural features of the protein-inhibitor complex. Here we present a detailed thermodynamic study of binding of aryl-dihydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole inhibitor series to recombinant human Hsp90 alpha isozyme. The inhibitors are highly potent, with the intrinsic K(d) approximately equal to 1 nM as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and thermal shift assay (TSA). Dissection of protonation contributions yielded the intrinsic thermodynamic parameters of binding, such as enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and the heat capacity. The differences in binding thermodynamic parameters between the series of inhibitors revealed contributions of the functional groups, thus providing insight into molecular reasons for improved or diminished binding efficiency. The inhibitor binding to Hsp90 alpha primarily depended on a large favorable enthalpic contribution combined with the smaller favorable entropic contribution, thus suggesting that their binding was both enthalpically and entropically optimized. The enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenon was highly evident when comparing the inhibitor binding enthalpies and entropies. This study illustrates how detailed thermodynamic analysis helps to understand energetic reasons for the binding efficiency and develop more potent inhibitors that could be applied for therapeutic use as Hsp90 inhibitors.
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Norris AL, Serpersu EH. Antibiotic selection by the promiscuous aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-(3)-IIIb is thermodynamically achieved through the control of solvent rearrangement. Biochemistry 2011; 50:9309-17. [PMID: 21958034 DOI: 10.1021/bi2011916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results presented here show the first known observation of opposite signs of change in heat capacity (ΔC(p)) of two structurally similar ligands binding to the same protein site. Neomycin and paromomycin are aminoglycoside antibiotics that are substrates for the resistance-conferring enzyme, the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase-(3)-IIIb (AAC). These antibiotics are identical to one another except at the 6' position where neomycin has an amine and paromomycin has a hydroxyl. The opposite trends in ΔC(p) of binding of these two drugs to AAC suggest a differential exposure of nonpolar amino acid side chains. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments further demonstrate significantly different changes in AAC upon interaction with neomycin and paromomycin. Experiments in H(2)O and D(2)O reveal the first observed temperature dependence of solvent and vibrational contributions to ΔC(p). Coenzyme A significantly influences these effects. Together, the data suggest that AAC exploits solvent properties to facilitate favorable thermodynamic selection of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne L Norris
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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17
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Falconer RJ, Collins BM. Survey of the year 2009: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2010; 24:1-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Gao F, Hu XY, Xie XJ, Xu QY, Wang YP, Liu XB, Xiang MX, Sun Y, Wang JA. Heat shock protein 90 protects rat mesenchymal stem cells against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:608-17. [PMID: 20669351 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has shown a therapeutic potential to repair the ischemic and infracted myocardium, but the effects are limited by the apoptosis and loss of donor cells in host cardiac microenvironment. The aim of this study is to explore the cytoprotection of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis and the possible mechanisms in rat MSCs. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining and flow cytometric analysis with annexin V/PI staining. The gene expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ErbB2) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, total-ERK, phospho-ERK, total-Akt, phospho-Akt, and Hsp90 were detected by Western blot. The production of nitric oxide was measured by spectrophotometric assay. Hsp90 improves MSC viability and protects MSCs against apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and hypoxia. The protective role of Hsp90 not only elevates Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax expression and attenuates cleaved caspase-3 expression via down-regulating membrane TLR-4 and ErbB2 receptors and then activating their downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, but also enhances the paracrine effect of MSCs. These findings demonstrated a novel and effective treatment strategy against MSC apoptosis in cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zubrienė A, Gutkowska M, Matulienė J, Chaleckis R, Michailovienė V, Voroncova A, Venclovas C, Zylicz A, Zylicz M, Matulis D. Thermodynamics of radicicol binding to human Hsp90 alpha and beta isoforms. Biophys Chem 2010; 152:153-63. [PMID: 20943306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radicicol is a natural antibiotic that specifically inhibits chaperone Hsp90 activity and binds to its active site with nanomolar affinity. Radicicol has been widely used as a lead compound to generate synthetic analogs with reduced toxicity and increased stability that could be employed clinically. Here we present a detailed thermodynamic description of radicicol binding to human Hsp90 and yeast Hsc82 studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and thermal shift assay. Titrations as a function of pH showed a linked protonation event upon radicicol binding. The intrinsic binding constant and the thermodynamic parameters (including the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity) were determined for yeast Hsc82, and human alpha and beta Hsp90. Recent experimental evidence in literature shows that yeast Hsc82 has significant differences from human Hsp90 isozymes. Here we support this by demonstrating differences in radicicol binding thermodynamics to these proteins. The intrinsic enthalpy of radicicol binding to Hsc82 was -46.7 kJ/mol, to Hsp90alpha -70.7 kJ/mol, and to Hsp90beta was -66.8 kJ/mol. The enthalpies of binding were significantly different, while the intrinsic dissociation constants were quite similar, equal to 0.25, 0.04, and 0.15 nM, respectively. The structural features responsible for such large difference in binding enthalpy but small difference in the intrinsic binding Gibbs free energy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Zubrienė
- Laboratory of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
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