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El Atab O, Ekim Kocabey A, Asojo OA, Schneiter R. Prostate secretory protein 94 (PSP94) inhibits sterol-binding and export by the mammalian CAP protein CRISP2 in a calcium-sensitive manner. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101600. [PMID: 35063506 PMCID: PMC8857485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the CAP protein superfamily are present in all kingdoms of life and have been implicated in many different processes, including pathogen defense, immune evasion, sperm maturation, and cancer progression. Most CAP proteins are secreted glycoproteins and share a unique conserved αβα sandwich fold. The precise mode of action of this class of proteins, however, has remained elusive. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three CAP family members, termed pathogen related in yeast (Pry). We have previously shown that Pry1 and Pry2 export sterols in vivo and that they bind sterols in vitro. This sterol binding and export function of yeast Pry proteins is conserved in the mammalian CRISP proteins and other CAP superfamily members. CRISP3 is an abundant protein of the human seminal plasma and interacts with prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94), another major protein component in the seminal plasma. Here we examine whether the interaction between CRISP proteins and PSP94 affects the sterol binding function of CAP family members. We show that coexpression of PSP94 with CAP proteins in yeast abolished their sterol export function and the interaction between PSP94 and CAP proteins inhibits sterol binding in vitro. In addition, mutations that affect the formation of the PSP94–CRISP2 heteromeric complex restore sterol binding. Of interest, we found the interaction of PSP94 with CRISP2 is sensitive to high calcium concentrations. The observation that PSP94 modulates the sterol binding function of CRISP2 in a calcium-dependent manner has potential implications for the role of PSP94 and CRISP2 in prostate physiology and progression of prostate cancer.
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Coste F, Moreau T, Labas V, Chessé M, Bregeon M, Meudal H, Loth K, Castaing B, Guyot N, Réhault-Godbert S. Three-dimensional structures of avian beta-microseminoproteins: insight from the chicken egg-specific beta-microseminoprotein 3 paralog. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1739-1756. [PMID: 33932137 PMCID: PMC8167871 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta‐microseminoproteins (MSMBs) are small disulfide‐rich proteins that are conserved among vertebrates. These proteins exhibit diverse biological activities and were mainly reported to play a role in male fertility, immunity, and embryogenesis. In this work, we focused on the chicken MSMB3 protein that was previously depicted as an egg antibacterial protein. We report that MSMB3 protein is exclusively expressed in the reproductive tissues of laying hens (in contrast to chicken MSMB1 and MSMB2 paralogs), to be incorporated in the egg white during the process of egg formation. We also showed that chicken MSMB3 possesses highly conserved orthologs in bird species, including Neognathae and Palaeognathae. Chicken MSMB3 was purified from egg white using heparin affinity chromatography and was analyzed by top‐down and bottom‐up proteomics. Several proteoforms could be characterized, and a homodimer was further evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. The X‐ray structure of chicken MSMB3 was solved for the first time, revealing that this protein adopts a novel dimeric arrangement. The highly cationic MSMB3 protein exhibits a distinct electrostatic distribution compared with chicken MSMB1 and MSMB2 structural models, and with published mammalian MSMB structures. The specific incorporation of MSMB3 paralog in the egg, and its phylogenetic conservation in birds together with its peculiar homodimer arrangement and physicochemical properties, suggests that the MSMB3 protein has evolved to play a critical role during the embryonic development of avian species. These new data are likely to stimulate research to elucidate the structure/function relationships of MSMB paralogs and orthologs in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valérie Labas
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France.,INRAE, CHU de Tours, Université de Tours, PIXANIM, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | - Karine Loth
- CBM, CNRS, UPR4301, Orléans, France.,UFR CoST, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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3
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Shioi N, Tadokoro T, Shioi S, Okabe Y, Matsubara H, Kita S, Ose T, Kuroki K, Terada S, Maenaka K. Crystal structure of the complex between venom toxin and serum inhibitor from Viperidae snake. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1250-1256. [PMID: 30504218 PMCID: PMC6349104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Venomous snakes have endogenous proteins that neutralize the toxicity of their venom components. We previously identified five small serum proteins (SSP-1-SSP-5) from a highly venomous snake belonging to the family Viperidae as inhibitors of various toxins from snake venom. The endogenous inhibitors belong to the prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) family. SSP-2 interacts with triflin, which is a member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family that blocks smooth muscle contraction. However, the structural basis for the interaction and the biological roles of these inhibitors are largely unknown. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the SSP-2-triflin complex at 2.3 Å resolution. A concave region centrally located in the N-terminal domain of triflin is fully occupied by the terminal β-strands of SSP-2. SSP-2 does not bind tightly to the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of triflin; this domain is thought to be responsible for its channel-blocker function. Instead, the cysteine-rich domain is tilted 7.7° upon binding to SSP-2, and the inhibitor appears to sterically hinder triflin binding to calcium channels. These results help explain how an endogenous inhibitor prevents the venomous protein from maintaining homeostasis in the host. Furthermore, this interaction also sheds light on the binding interface between the human homologues PSP94 and CRISP-3, which are up-regulated in prostate and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Shioi
- From the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 19-1, 8-chome Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan, , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.:
81-92-870-6631 ext. 6215; Fax:
81-92-865-6030; E-mail:
| | - Takashi Tadokoro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.:
81-11-706-3764; Fax:
81-11-706-4986; E-mail:
| | - Seijiro Shioi
- Radioisotope Center, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yuki Okabe
- From the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 19-1, 8-chome Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Haruki Matsubara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Kimiko Kuroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and
| | - Shigeyuki Terada
- From the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 19-1, 8-chome Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.:
81-11-706-3970; Fax:
81-11-706-4986; E-mail:
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4
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Guyot N, Labas V, Harichaux G, Chessé M, Poirier JC, Nys Y, Réhault-Godbert S. Proteomic analysis of egg white heparin-binding proteins: towards the identification of natural antibacterial molecules. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27974. [PMID: 27294500 PMCID: PMC4904793 DOI: 10.1038/srep27974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken egg resists most environmental microbes suggesting that it potentially contains efficient antimicrobial molecules. Considering that some heparin-binding proteins in mammals are antibacterial, we investigated the presence and the antimicrobial activity of heparin-binding proteins from chicken egg white. Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins recovered after heparin-affinity chromatography, revealed 20 proteins, including known antimicrobial proteins (avidin, lysozyme, TENP, ovalbumin-related protein X and avian bêta-defensin 11). The antibacterial activity of three new egg candidates (vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1, beta-microseminoprotein-like (LOC101750704) and pleiotrophin) was demonstrated against Listeria monocytogenes and/or Salmonella enterica Enteritidis. We showed that all these molecules share the property to inhibit bacterial growth through their heparin-binding domains. However, vitelline membrane outer layer 1 has additional specific structural features that can contribute to its antimicrobial potential. Moreover, we identified potential supplementary effectors of innate immunity including mucin 5B, E-selectin ligand 1, whey acidic protein 3, peptidyl prolyl isomerase B and retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2. These data support the concept of using heparin affinity combined to mass spectrometry to obtain an overview of the various effectors of innate immunity composing biological milieus, and to identify novel antimicrobial candidates of interest in the race for alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guyot
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l’Oeuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements-CNRS UMR 7247-Université François Rabelais-Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Plate-forme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules (PAIB), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Grégoire Harichaux
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements-CNRS UMR 7247-Université François Rabelais-Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Plate-forme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules (PAIB), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Magali Chessé
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l’Oeuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Claude Poirier
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l’Oeuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Nys
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l’Oeuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sophie Réhault-Godbert
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, Fonction et Régulation des Protéines de l’Oeuf, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Mohammed AA. Biomarkers in prostate cancer: new era and prospective. Med Oncol 2014; 31:140. [PMID: 25048724 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, most men are diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) after a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test shows an elevated level of the PSA protein. An elevated level suggests cancer may be present. If an elevation is detected, a biopsy to detect cancer is followed. But the PSA test is controversial. An elevated level does not always mean there is cancer present. The test often leads men to having unnecessary biopsies and treatments. Even if cancer is found on biopsy, many of these cancers are slow growing and would not impact the lives of the men who have them. Current advances in molecular techniques have provided new tools facilitating the discovery of new biomarkers for PCa. The purpose of this review is to examine the advances in PCa biomarkers and implication for possible improving disease outcome. The future of cancer prognosis may rely on small panels of markers that can accurately predict PCa presence, stage, and metastasis and can serve as prognosticators, targets, and/or surrogate endpoints of disease progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrallah A Mohammed
- Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City-Holy Capital, Muzdallifa Streat, P.O. Box 57657, Mecca, 21995, Saudi Arabia,
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Karunasinghe N, Bishop K, Murray P, Xu Y, Goudie M, Ng L, Zhu S, Han DY, Ferguson LR, Masters J, Benjamin B, Holmes M. Role of β-microseminoprotein from prostate cancer initiation to recurrence: A mini-review. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:20-30. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medline/Pubmed articles relevant to this topic were considered using the search terms β-microseminoprotein, MSMB, prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids and PSP94. Full articles were retrieved when the abstract was considered relevant. In addition, other data related to this topic including our own are discussed. Summary of findings-β-microseminoprotein (MSMB) is increasingly being considered as a marker for prostate cancer, as reduced levels have been associated with the disease. Here we review various aspects of this protein including its biological and physiological variants, binding proteins and immune modulation; its importance as a marker for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer; prostate cancer related splice variants and its therapeutic utility. Two of the most important properties of MSMB are related to anticancer functions and immune modulation. Predominant expression of two (short and full-length) splice variants of MSMB has been observed from normal prostate and several other tissues. In benign prostate hyperplasia the short isoform is dominant, constituting 98% of this isoform, whereas in prostate cancer 96% constitute the full-length isoform. The MSMB promoter single nucleotide polymorphism rs10993994 with the C allele functions as an activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein binding site. This C variant of rs10993994 could be responsible for the production of splice variants under variable conditions. MSMB has binding motifs to a few known proteins including immunoglobulin G and several Cysteine-rich secretory proteins family proteins. MSMB bound to these proteins is considered as immune modulating. Use of MSMB as a urinary marker for detecting aggressive prostate cancers that could resist radiation and surgical treatments, seems possible, but needs further investigation. The ratio of MSMB splice variants could also be a possible approach in understanding prostate cancers, with higher ratios indicating severe disease.
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Anklesaria JH, Jagtap DD, Pathak BR, Kadam KM, Joseph S, Mahale SD. Prostate Secretory Protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) binds to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in human seminal plasma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58631. [PMID: 23469287 PMCID: PMC3587604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Secretory Protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) is one of the major proteins present in the human seminal plasma. Though several functions have been predicted for this protein, its exact role either in sperm function or in prostate pathophysiology has not been clearly defined. Attempts to understand the mechanism of action of PSP94 has led to the search for its probable binding partners. This has resulted in the identification of PSP94 binding proteins in plasma and seminal plasma from human. During the chromatographic separation step of proteins from human seminal plasma by reversed phase HPLC, we had observed that in addition to the main fraction of PSP94, other fractions containing higher molecular weight proteins also showed the presence of detectable amounts of PSP94. This prompted us to hypothesize that PSP94 could be present in the seminal plasma complexed with other protein/s of higher molecular weight. One such fraction containing a major protein of ~47 kDa, on characterization by mass spectrometric analysis, was identified to be Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP). The ability of PAP present in this fraction to bind to PSP94 was demonstrated by affinity chromatography. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the presence of PSP94-PAP complex both in the fraction studied and in the fresh seminal plasma. In silico molecular modeling of the PSP94-PAP complex suggests that β-strands 1 and 6 of PSP94 appear to interact with domain 2 of PAP, while β-strands 7 and 10 with domain 1 of PAP. This is the first report which suggests that PSP94 can bind to PAP and the PAP-bound PSP94 is present in human seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer H. Anklesaria
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhanashree D. Jagtap
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhakti R. Pathak
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Kaushiki M. Kadam
- Proteomics Facility, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shaini Joseph
- ICMR Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Smita D. Mahale
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
- ICMR Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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8
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Mapping of the binding sites involved in PSP94-CRISP-3 interaction by molecular dissection of the complex. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3019-29. [PMID: 23375721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Prostate Secretory Protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) has been shown to bind human CRISP-3 (cysteine-rich secretory protein 3) with very high affinity. CRISP-3 belongs to the CRISP family of proteins having a PR-1 (pathogenesis related protein 1) domain at its N-terminal and ion channel regulatory (ICR) domain at its C-terminal connected by a hinge region. Functional significance of this complex is not yet known. METHODS In order to identify the residues and/or regions involved in PSP94-CRISP-3 interaction, site-directed mutagenesis was employed. Effect of the mutations on the interaction was studied by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). RESULTS For PSP94, amino acids Y(3), F(4), P(56) and the C-terminal β-strand were found to be crucial for interacting with CRISP-3. A disulfide bond between the two domains of PSP94 (C(37)A-C(73)A) was also important for this interaction. In case of CRISP-3, the N-terminal domain alone could not maintain a strong interaction with PSP94 but it required presence of the hinge region and not the C-terminal domain. Apart from CRISP-3, CRISP-2 was also found to interact with human PSP94. Based on our findings the most likely model of PSP94-CRISP-3 complex has been proposed. CONCLUSION The terminal β-strands of PSP94 contact the first α-helix and the hinge region of CRISP-3. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Involvement of the hinge region of CRISPs in interaction with PSP94 may affect the domain movement of CRISPs essential for the ion-channel regulatory activity resulting in inhibition of this activity.
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Fujimoto N, Takagi A, Kanno J. Neonatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenze-p-dioxin increases the mRNA expression of prostatic proteins in C57BL mice. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:279-83. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Fujimoto
- Endocrine Research Group, Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Atsuya Takagi
- Division of Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan
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Edström Hägerwall AML, Rydengård V, Fernlund P, Mörgelin M, Baumgarten M, Cole AM, Malmsten M, Kragelund BB, Sørensen OE. β-Microseminoprotein endows post coital seminal plasma with potent candidacidal activity by a calcium- and pH-dependent mechanism. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002625. [PMID: 22496651 PMCID: PMC3320615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune factors controlling Candida albicans are mostly unknown. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is common in women and affects approximately 70–75% of all women at least once. Despite the propensity of Candida to colonize the vagina, transmission of Candida albicans following sexual intercourse is very rare. This prompted us to investigate whether the post coital vaginal milieu contained factors active against C. albicans. By CFU assays, we found prominent candidacidal activity of post coital seminal plasma at both neutral and the acid vaginal pH. In contrast, normal seminal plasma did not display candidacidal activity prior to acidification. By antifungal gel overlay assay, one clearing zone corresponding to a protein band was found in both post coital and normal seminal plasma, which was subsequently identified as β-microseminoprotein. At neutral pH, the fungicidal activity of β-microseminoprotein and seminal plasma was inhibited by calcium. By NMR spectroscopy, amino acid residue E71 was shown to be critical for the calcium coordination. The acidic vaginal milieu unleashed the fungicidal activity by decreasing the inhibitory effect of calcium. The candidacidal activity of β-microseminoprotein was mapped to a fragment of the C-terminal domain with no structural similarity to other known proteins. A homologous fragment from porcine β-microseminoprotein demonstrated calcium-dependent fungicidal activity in a CFU assay, suggesting this may be a common feature for members of the β-microseminoprotein family. By electron microscopy, β-microseminoprotein was found to cause lysis of Candida. Liposome experiments demonstrated that β-microseminoprotein was active towards ergosterol-containing liposomes that mimic fungal membranes, offering an explanation for the selectivity against fungi. These data identify β-microseminoprotein as an important innate immune factor active against C. albicans and may help explain the low sexual transmission rate of Candida. The innate immune factors controlling Candida albicans are mostly unknown. Sexual transmission of Candida during vaginal intercourse is very rare. This prompted us to investigate whether the post coital vaginal milieu contained innate immune factors active against Candida. We found potent candidacidal activity of acidic post coital seminal plasma mediated by β-microseminoprotein, while seminal plasma did not possess any fungicidal activity prior to acidification. The fungicidal effect of β-microseminoprotein was regulated by a novel calcium and pH-dependent mechanism uniquely suited for the post coital vaginal environment. At neutral pH, the fungicidal activity of β-microseminoprotein was inhibited by calcium. The acidic vaginal pH, on the other hand, unleashed the fungicidal activity by decreasing the inhibitory effect of calcium. The fungicidal activity of β-microseminoprotein was mapped to a fragment of the C-terminal domain with no structural similarity to other known proteins. Experiments with a homologous fragment from porcine β-microseminoprotein demonstrating calcium-dependent fungicidal activity suggest this to be a common feature for members of the β-microseminoprotein family. These data may help explain the low transmission rate of Candida after vaginal sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Rydengård
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Fernlund
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander M. Cole
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole E. Sørensen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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11
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Frankenberg S, Fenelon J, Dopheide B, Shaw G, Renfree MB. A novel MSMB-related microprotein in the postovulatory egg coats of marsupials. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:373. [PMID: 22208949 PMCID: PMC3268785 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early marsupial conceptuses differ markedly from those of eutherian mammals, especially during cleavage and early blastocyst stages of development. Additionally, in marsupials the zona pellucida is surrounded by two acellular layers, the mucoid coat and shell, which are formed from secretions from the reproductive tract. RESULTS We report the identification of a novel postovulatory coat component in marsupials, which we call uterinesecreted microprotein (USM). USM belongs to a family of disulfide-rich microproteins of unconfirmed function that is found throughout deuterostomes and in some protostomes, and includes β-microseminoprotein (MSMB) and prostate-associated microseminoprotein (MSMP). We describe the evolution of this family in detail, including USM-related sequences in other vertebrates. The orthologue of USM in the tammar wallaby, USM1, is expressed by the endometrium with a dynamic temporal profile, possibly under the control of progesterone. CONCLUSIONS USM appears to have evolved in a mammalian ancestor specifically as a component of the postovulatory coats. By analogy with the known properties of MSMB, it may have roles in regulating sperm motility/survival or in the immune system. However, its C-terminal domain is greatly truncated compared with MSMB, suggesting a divergent function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Frankenberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Kangaroo Genomics and Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Fujimoto N, Kitamura S, Kanno J. Androgen dependent transcription of a mouse prostatic protein gene, PSP94: involvement of estrogen receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:301-6. [PMID: 21856419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic secretory protein 94 (PSP94) is a prostatic protein found in both humans and rodents. As with other prostatic proteins, expression of this protein is regulated by androgens. In order to understand the androgen-responsive transcriptional regulation mechanisms involved, the present study aimed to identify and characterize the promoter activity of the gene. The 5'flanking (5'f) region of mouse PSP94 (mPSP94) gene was cloned and introduced into a vector upstream of the luciferase reporter gene. A Chinese hamster ovarian cell line, CHO, and a human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP, were transiently transfected with our reporter constructs along with an androgen receptor expression vector, and treated with dihydrotestosterone. Reporter gene assay revealed that the 5'f region of mPSP94 gene was indeed responsible for the androgen-dependent transcription. Subsequent deletion and mutation analysis indicated that the androgen responsive element (ARE)-like sequence at position -93 from the transcription start site was primarily responsible for androgen dependency. Interestingly, when estrogen receptor (ER) α was co-transfected, the androgen-dependent transcription was substantially increased. However, ERα-dependent enhancement of androgen responses was not observed when estrogen responsive element (ERE)-like motifs of the promoter region were deleted. Administration of estrogen did not influence the enhancement associated with ERα, although an anti-estrogen suppressed such effects. Collectively, these data suggest that the androgen-dependent transcription of the mPSP94 gene was co-regulated/modulated by the presence of ERα via ERE-like motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Fujimoto
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Van Eynde A, Litovkin K, Bollen M. Growth inhibition properties of the putative prostate cancer biomarkers PSP94 and CRISP-3. Asian J Androl 2010; 13:205-6. [PMID: 21102472 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aleyde Van Eynde
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.
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Growth inhibition mediated by PSP94 or CRISP-3 is prostate cancer cell line specific. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:677-89. [PMID: 20676114 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) has been shown to interact with cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) in human seminal plasma. Interestingly, PSP94 expression is reduced or lost in the majority of the prostate tumours, whereas CRISP-3 expression is upregulated in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate tissue. To obtain a better understanding of the individual roles these proteins have in prostate tumourigenesis and the functional relevance of their interaction, we ectopically expressed either PSP94 or CRISP-3 alone or PSP94 along with CRISP-3 in three prostate cell lines (PC3, WPE1-NB26 and LNCaP) and performed growth inhibition assays. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to screen prostate cell lines for PSP94 and CRISP-3 expression. Mammalian expression constructs for human PSP94 and CRISP-3 were also generated and the expression, localization and secretion of recombinant protein were assayed by transfection followed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. The effect that ectopic expression of PSP94 or CRISP-3 had on cell growth was studied by clonogenic survival assay following transfection. To evaluate the effects of co-expression of the two proteins, stable clones of PC3 that expressed PSP94 were generated. They were subsequently transfected with a CRISP-3 expression construct and subjected to clonogenic survival assay. Our results showed that PSP94 and CRISP-3 could each induce growth inhibition in a cell line specific manner. Although the growth of CRISP-3-positive cell lines was inhibited by PSP94, growth inhibition mediated by CRISP-3 was not affected by the presence or absence of PSP94. This suggests that CRISP-3 may participate in PSP94-independent activities during prostate tumourigenesis.
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Jagtap DD, Modi DN, Kumar M, Pathak BR, Mahale SD. High-affinity binding of seminal plasma PSP94 to human immunoglobulin is through the Fab domain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1889-94. [PMID: 20554063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) is one of the major proteins present in human seminal plasma. We had earlier reported that PSP94 has the ability to bind to human IgG. The aims of the present study were to further delineate the PSP94-IgG interaction and to understand whether this could have any significance in sperm function. Direct binding of IgG fragments to PSP94 showed maximal binding with F(ab')(2) followed by Fab, while Fc displayed least binding in ELISA. Binding kinetics of PSP94-IgG interaction using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed high-affinity binding of IgG to PSP94 with a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 8.8 x 10(-)(11)M. PSP94-IgG interaction was found to be through the Fab domains of IgG. Real-time interaction kinetics revealed association constants for binding of IgG, Fab, and F(ab')(2) towards PSP94 to be of the same order but with altered dissociation constants. IgG and its F(ab')(2) fragment once complexed to PSP94 demonstrated negligible dissociation, while dissociation rate of Fab fragment was 6.6 x 10(-)(4). In silico molecular modeling of PSP94-IgG complex identified N- and C-terminal beta-strands of PSP94 to be the most plausible region involved in IgG interaction. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that IgG bound to human spermatozoa predominantly in the tail region, which could be prevented when IgG was preincubated with PSP94. This study reports for the first time that IgG forms a high-affinity complex with PSP94 through its F(ab')(2) domain and reveals the ability of PSP94 to prevent binding of IgG to spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree D Jagtap
- Division of Structural Biology and Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India
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