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Cartland SP, Patil MS, Kelland E, Le N, Boccanfuso L, Stanley CP, Cholan PM, Dona MI, Patrick R, McGrath J, Su QP, Alwis I, Ganss R, Powell JE, Harvey RP, Pinto AR, Griffith TS, Loa J, Aitken SJ, Robinson DA, Patel S, Kavurma MM. The generation of stable microvessels in ischemia is mediated by endothelial cell derived TRAIL. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn8760. [PMID: 39365855 PMCID: PMC11451529 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn8760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Reversal of ischemia is mediated by neo-angiogenesis requiring endothelial cell (EC) and pericyte interactions to form stable microvascular networks. We describe an unrecognized role for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in potentiating neo-angiogenesis and vessel stabilization. We show that the endothelium is a major source of TRAIL in the healthy circulation compromised in peripheral artery disease (PAD). EC deletion of TRAIL in vivo or in vitro inhibited neo-angiogenesis, pericyte recruitment, and vessel stabilization, resulting in reduced lower-limb blood perfusion with ischemia. Activation of the TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) restored blood perfusion and stable blood vessel networks in mice. Proof-of-concept studies showed that Conatumumab, an agonistic TRAIL-R2 antibody, promoted vascular sprouts from explanted patient arteries. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in mediating EC-pericyte communications dependent on TRAIL. These studies highlight unique TRAIL-dependent mechanisms mediating neo-angiogenesis and vessel stabilization and the potential of repurposing TRAIL-R2 agonists to stimulate stable and functional microvessel networks to treat ischemia in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P. Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manisha S. Patil
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elaina Kelland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Le
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lauren Boccanfuso
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher P. Stanley
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Qian Peter Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Imala Alwis
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Jacky Loa
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Aitken
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David A. Robinson
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary M. Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Peripheral Artery Disease, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Martínez-Lumbreras S, Träger LK, Mulorz MM, Payr M, Dikaya V, Hipp C, König J, Sattler M. Intramolecular autoinhibition regulates the selectivity of PRPF40A tandem WW domains for proline-rich motifs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3888. [PMID: 38719828 PMCID: PMC11079029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PRPF40A plays an important role in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing by mediating protein-protein interactions in the early steps of spliceosome assembly. By binding to proteins at the 5´ and 3´ splice sites, PRPF40A promotes spliceosome assembly by bridging the recognition of the splices. The PRPF40A WW domains are expected to recognize proline-rich sequences in SF1 and SF3A1 in the early spliceosome complexes E and A, respectively. Here, we combine NMR, SAXS and ITC to determine the structure of the PRPF40A tandem WW domains in solution and characterize the binding specificity and mechanism for proline-rich motifs recognition. Our structure of the PRPF40A WW tandem in complex with a high-affinity SF1 peptide reveals contributions of both WW domains, which also enables tryptophan sandwiching by two proline residues in the ligand. Unexpectedly, a proline-rich motif in the N-terminal region of PRPF40A mediates intramolecular interactions with the WW tandem. Using NMR, ITC, mutational analysis in vitro, and immunoprecipitation experiments in cells, we show that the intramolecular interaction acts as an autoinhibitory filter for proof-reading of high-affinity proline-rich motifs in bona fide PRPF40A binding partners. We propose that similar autoinhibitory mechanisms are present in most WW tandem-containing proteins to enhance binding selectivity and regulation of WW/proline-rich peptide interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Martínez-Lumbreras
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience and Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Lena K Träger
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience and Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Miriam M Mulorz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Payr
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience and Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Varvara Dikaya
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience and Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Clara Hipp
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience and Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience and Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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3
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Liu Y, He E, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Wu X, Zeng Y, Leng P. WW domain binding protein 2 (WBP2) as an oncogene in breast cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects-a narrative review. Gland Surg 2022; 11:1984-2002. [PMID: 36654949 PMCID: PMC9841001 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective WW domain binding protein 2 (WBP2), considered an emerging breast cancer gene, functions as a binding partner for WW domain proteins. The WBP2 gene is involved in mediating the malignant development and clinical drug resistance of breast cancer, but its potential mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of WBP2 in breast cancer, which will help to provide new methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Methods The PubMed database was searched using the terms "WW Domain Binding Protein 2" or "WBP2", "breast cancer" or "breast neoplasms" or "human cancer" from January 1997 through August 2022. Through the screening and evaluation of titles and abstracts, about 120 English articles were included in this study. Key Content and Findings By describing the multiple regulatory functions of WBP2 at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels, and summarizing how WBP2 as a key node crosstalks multiple signaling pathways, we reveal the ability of WBP2 to promote breast cancer malignant progression. In different subtypes of breast cancer, the mechanism of WBP2-mediated drug resistance is related to estrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 2 status, and hormones may be an essential factor in WBP2-mediated drug resistance. In addition, we discuss the application prospects of WBP2 in targeted therapy and immunotherapy and propose therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in breast cancer by jointly targeting WBP2 and its related molecules. This provides a theoretical basis for the innovation of breast cancer targeted drugs. Conclusions WBP2 is a promising target for breast cancer therapy. Nuclear WBP2, as the main functional form of WBP2 after its activation, is a meaningful indicator for the diagnosis and prediction of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Enping He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingshuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youqing Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Northey JJ, Weaver VM. Mechanosensitive Steroid Hormone Signaling and Cell Fate. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac085. [PMID: 35678467 PMCID: PMC9237634 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces collaborate across length scales to coordinate cell fate during development and the dynamic homeostasis of adult tissues. Similarly, steroid hormones interact with their nuclear and nonnuclear receptors to regulate diverse physiological processes necessary for the appropriate development and function of complex multicellular tissues. Aberrant steroid hormone action is associated with tumors originating in hormone-sensitive tissues and its disruption forms the basis of several therapeutic interventions. Prolonged perturbations to mechanical forces may further foster tumor initiation and the evolution of aggressive metastatic disease. Recent evidence suggests that steroid hormone and mechanical signaling intersect to direct cell fate during development and tumor progression. Potential mechanosensitive steroid hormone signaling pathways along with their molecular effectors will be discussed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Northey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143,USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143,USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143,USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143,USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143,USA
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WWOX Controls Cell Survival, Immune Response and Disease Progression by pY33 to pS14 Transition to Alternate Signaling Partners. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142137. [PMID: 35883580 PMCID: PMC9323965 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor WWOX inhibits cancer growth and retards Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Supporting evidence shows that the more strongly WWOX binds intracellular protein partners, the weaker is cancer cell growth in vivo. Whether this correlates with retardation of AD progression is unknown. Two functional forms of WWOX exhibit opposite functions. pY33-WWOX is proapoptotic and anticancer, and is essential for maintaining normal physiology. In contrast, pS14-WWOX is accumulated in the lesions of cancers and AD brains, and suppression of WWOX phosphorylation at S14 by a short peptide Zfra abolishes cancer growth and retardation of AD progression. In parallel, synthetic Zfra4-10 or WWOX7-21 peptide strengthens the binding of endogenous WWOX with intracellular protein partners leading to cancer suppression. Indeed, Zfra4-10 is potent in restoring memory loss in triple transgenic mice for AD (3xTg) by blocking the aggregation of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), enhancing degradation of aggregated proteins, and inhibiting activation of inflammatory NF-κB. In light of the findings, Zfra4-10-mediated suppression of cancer and AD is due, in part, to an enhanced binding of endogenous WWOX and its binding partners. In this perspective review article, we detail the molecular action of WWOX in the HYAL-2/WWOX/SMAD4 signaling for biological effects, and discuss WWOX phosphorylation forms in interacting with binding partners, leading to suppression of cancer growth and retardation of AD progression.
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Rotem-Bamberger S, Fahoum J, Keinan-Adamsky K, Tsaban T, Avraham O, Shalev DE, Chill JH, Schueler-Furman O. Structural insights into the role of the WW2 domain on tandem WW/PPxY-motif interactions of oxidoreductase WWOX. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102145. [PMID: 35716775 PMCID: PMC9293652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I WW domains are present in many proteins of various functions and mediate protein interactions by binding to short linear PPxY motifs. Tandem WW domains often bind peptides with multiple PPxY motifs, but the interplay of WW–peptide interactions is not always intuitive. The WW domain–containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) harbors two WW domains: an unstable WW1 capable of PPxY binding and stable WW2 that cannot bind PPxY. The WW2 domain has been suggested to act as a WW1 domain chaperone, but the underlying mechanism of its chaperone activity remains to be revealed. Here, we combined NMR, isothermal calorimetry, and structural modeling to elucidate the roles of both WW domains in WWOX binding to its PPxY-containing substrate ErbB4. Using NMR, we identified an interaction surface between these two domains that supports a WWOX conformation compatible with peptide substrate binding. Isothermal calorimetry and NMR measurements also indicated that while binding affinity to a single PPxY motif is marginally increased in the presence of WW2, affinity to a dual-motif peptide increases 10-fold. Furthermore, we found WW2 can directly bind double-motif peptides using its canonical binding site. Finally, differential binding of peptides in mutagenesis experiments was consistent with a parallel N- to C-terminal PPxY tandem motif orientation in binding to the WW1–WW2 tandem domain, validating structural models of the interaction. Taken together, our results reveal the complex nature of tandem WW-domain organization and substrate binding, highlighting the contribution of WWOX WW2 to both protein stability and target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Tomer Tsaban
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Avraham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jordan H Chill
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Tabatabaeian H, Rao A, Ramos A, Chu T, Sudol M, Lim YP. The emerging roles of WBP2 oncogene in human cancers. Oncogene 2020; 39:4621-4635. [PMID: 32393834 PMCID: PMC7286818 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) is an emerging oncoprotein. Over the past decade, WBP2 surfaced as a key node connecting key signaling pathways associated with ER/PR, EGFR, PI3K, Hippo, and Wnt in cancer. In addition to the oncogenic functions of WBP2, this review discusses the latest research regarding the multilevel regulation and modes of action of WBP2 and how they can be exploited for molecular medicine. In translational research, evidence supports the role of WBP2 as a biomarker for early detection, prognosis, and companion diagnostics in breast cancer. Finally, we envision new trends in WBP2 research in the space of molecular etiology of cancer, targeted therapeutics, and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Angad Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Alisha Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Tinghine Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB, A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yoon Pin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, 119082, Singapore.
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Lahav N, Rotem-Bamberger S, Fahoum J, Dodson EJ, Kraus Y, Mousa R, Metanis N, Friedler A, Schueler-Furman O. Phosphorylation of the WWOX Protein Regulates Its Interaction with p73. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1843-1851. [PMID: 32185845 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a molecular characterization of the interaction between the cancer-related proteins WWOX and p73. This interaction is mediated by the first of two WW domains (WW1) of WWOX and a PPXY-motif-containing region in p73. While phosphorylation of Tyr33 of WWOX and association with p73 are known to affect apoptotic activity, the quantitative effect of phosphorylation on this specific interaction is determined here for the first time. Using ITC and fluorescence anisotropy, we measured the binding affinity between WWOX domains and a p73 derived peptide, and showed that this interaction is regulated by Tyr phosphorylation of WW1. Chemical synthesis of the phosphorylated domains of WWOX revealed that the binding affinity of WWOX to p73 is decreased when WWOX is phosphorylated. This result suggests a fine-tuning of binding affinity in a differential, ligand-specific manner: the decrease in binding affinity of WWOX to p73 can free both partners to form new interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lahav
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emma-Joy Dodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yahel Kraus
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Friedler
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Abdeen SK, Aqeilan RI. Decoding the link between WWOX and p53 in aggressive breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1177-1186. [PMID: 31075076 PMCID: PMC6592247 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1616998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are aggressive forms of human breast cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment response. Molecular understanding of BLBC and TNBC biology is instrumental to improve detection and management of these deadly diseases. Tumor suppressors WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) and TP53 are altered in BLBC and in TNBC. Nevertheless, the functional interplay between WWOX and p53 is poorly understood. In a recent study by Abdeen and colleagues, it has been demonstrated that WWOX loss drives BLBC formation via deregulating p53 functions. In this review, we highlight important signaling pathways regulated by WWOX and p53 that are related to estrogen receptor signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and genomic instability and how they impact BLBC and TNBC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib K. Abdeen
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Hussain T, Lee J, Abba MC, Chen J, Aldaz CM. Delineating WWOX Protein Interactome by Tandem Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry: Identification of Top Interactors and Key Metabolic Pathways Involved. Front Oncol 2018; 8:591. [PMID: 30619736 PMCID: PMC6300487 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear from multiple studies that WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase) operates as a "non-classical" tumor suppressor of significant relevance in cancer progression. Additionally, WWOX has been recognized for its role in a much wider array of human pathologies including metabolic conditions and central nervous system related syndromes. A myriad of putative functional roles has been attributed to WWOX mostly through the identification of various binding proteins. However, the reality is that much remains to be learned on the key relevant functions of WWOX in the normal cell. Here we employed a Tandem Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry (TAP-MS) approach in order to better define direct WWOX protein interactors and by extension interaction with multiprotein complexes under physiological conditions on a proteomic scale. This work led to the identification of both well-known, but more importantly novel high confidence WWOX interactors, suggesting the involvement of WWOX in specific biological and molecular processes while delineating a comprehensive portrait of WWOX protein interactome. Of particular relevance is WWOX interaction with key proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, late endosomes, protein transport, and lysosomes networks such as SEC23IP, SCAMP3, and VOPP1. These binding partners harbor specific PPXY motifs which directly interact with the amino-terminal WW1 domain of WWOX. Pathway analysis of WWOX interactors identified a significant enrichment of metabolic pathways associated with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids breakdown. Thus, suggesting that WWOX likely plays relevant roles in glycolysis, fatty acid degradation and other pathways that converge primarily in Acetyl-CoA generation, a fundamental molecule not only as the entry point to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production, but also as the key building block for de novo synthesis of lipids and amino acids. Our results provide a significant lead on subsets of protein partners and enzymatic complexes with which full-length WWOX protein interacts with in order to carry out its metabolic and other biological functions while also becoming a valuable resource for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Hussain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Martin C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - C Marcelo Aldaz
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
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11
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Jamous A, Salah Z. WW-Domain Containing Protein Roles in Breast Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:580. [PMID: 30619734 PMCID: PMC6300493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are key factors in executing protein function. These interactions are mediated through different protein domains or modules. An important domain found in many different types of proteins is WW domain. WW domain-containing proteins were shown to be involved in many human diseases including cancer. Some of these proteins function as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, while others show dual identity. Some of these proteins act on their own and alter the function(s) of specific or multiple proteins implicated in cancer, others interact with their partners to compose WW domain modular pathway. In this review, we discuss the role of WW domain-containing proteins in breast tumorigenesis. We give examples of specific WW domain containing proteins that play roles in breast tumorigenesis and explain the mechanisms through which these proteins lead to breast cancer initiation and progression. We discuss also the possibility of using these proteins as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Jamous
- Al Quds-Bard College for Arts and Sciences, Al Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Zaidoun Salah
- Al Quds-Bard College for Arts and Sciences, Al Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
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12
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Saigo C, Kito Y, Takeuchi T. Cancerous Protein Network That Inhibits the Tumor Suppressor Function of WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) by Aberrantly Expressed Molecules. Front Oncol 2018; 8:350. [PMID: 30214895 PMCID: PMC6125347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor protein that contains two N-terminal WW domains and a central short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain. WWOX protein mediates multiple signaling networks that suppress carcinogenesis through binding of its first WW domain to various cancer-associated proteins, i.e., p73, AP-2γ, and others. Although the tumor suppressor property of WWOX is inarguable, WWOX is not inactivated in the manner characteristic of the canonical Knudson hypothesis. Impairment of both alleles of WWOX is thought to be a rare event, only occurring in a few cancer cell lines. How is the tumor suppressor function of WWOX impaired in cancer cells? Recent advances highlight that a small transmembrane protein possessing a PPxY motif, called TMEM207, and its relatives are aberrantly expressed in various cancer cells and hinder the tumor suppressor function of WWOX through inhibiting its WW domain. Here, we review the recent findings related to the pathobiological properties of TMEM207 and its relatives based on clinicopathological and experimental pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Saigo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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13
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Pospiech K, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. WWOX Tumor Suppressor Gene in Breast Cancer, a Historical Perspective and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2018; 8:345. [PMID: 30211123 PMCID: PMC6121138 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The WWOX tumor suppressor gene is located at 16q23. 1–23.2, which covers the region of FRA16D—a common fragile sites. Deletions within the WWOX coding sequence are observed in up to 80% of breast cancer cases, which makes it one of the most common genetic alterations in this tumor type. The WWOX gene is known to play a role in breast cancer: increased expression of WWOX inhibits cell proliferation in suspension, reduces tumor growth rates in xenographic transplants, but also enhances cell migration through the basal membrane and contributes to morphological changes in 3D matrix-based cell cultures. The WWOX protein may act in several ways, as it has three functional domains—two WW domains, responsible for protein-protein interactions and an SDR domain (short dehydrogenase/reductase domain) which catalyzes conversions of low molecular weight ligands, most likely steroids. In epithelial cells, WWOX modulates gene transcription through interaction with p73, AP-2γ, and ERBB4 proteins. In steroid hormone-regulated tissues like mammary gland epithelium, the WWOX SDR domain acts as a steroid dehydrogenase. The relationship between WWOX and hormone receptors was shown in an animal model, where WWOX(C3H)+/–mice exhibited loss of both ER and PR receptors. Moreover, in breast cancer specimens, a positive correlation was observed between WWOX expression and ER status. On the other hand, decreased WWOX expression was associated with worse prognosis, namely higher relapse and mortality rates in BC patients. Recently, it was shown that genomic instability might be driven by the loss of WWOX expression. It was reported that WWOX plays role in DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair by regulating ATM activation through physical interaction. A genome caretaker function has also been proposed for WWOX, as it was found that WWOX sufficiency decreases homology directed repair (HDR) and supports non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair as the dominant DSB repair pathway by Brca1-Wwox interaction. In breast cancer cells, WWOX was also found to modulate the expression of glycolysis pathway genes, through hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF1α) regulation. The paper presents the current state of knowledge regarding the WWOX tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, as well as future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pospiech
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Liu CC, Ho PC, Lee IT, Chen YA, Chu CH, Teng CC, Wu SN, Sze CI, Chiang MF, Chang NS. WWOX Phosphorylation, Signaling, and Role in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:563. [PMID: 30158849 PMCID: PMC6104168 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous null mutation of tumor suppressor WWOX/Wwox gene leads to severe neural diseases, metabolic disorders and early death in the newborns of humans, mice and rats. WWOX is frequently downregulated in the hippocampi of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In vitro analysis revealed that knockdown of WWOX protein in neuroblastoma cells results in aggregation of TRAPPC6AΔ, TIAF1, amyloid β, and Tau in a sequential manner. Indeed, TRAPPC6AΔ and TIAF1, but not tau and amyloid β, aggregates are present in the brains of healthy mid-aged individuals. It is reasonable to assume that very slow activation of a protein aggregation cascade starts sequentially with TRAPPC6AΔ and TIAF1 aggregation at mid-ages, then caspase activation and APP de-phosphorylation and degradation, and final accumulation of amyloid β and Tau aggregates in the brains at greater than 70 years old. WWOX binds Tau-hyperphosphorylating enzymes (e.g., GSK-3β) and blocks their functions, thereby supporting neuronal survival and differentiation. As a neuronal protective hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2) binds WWOX at an NSYK motif in the C-terminal SDR (short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase) domain. In this review, we discuss how WWOX and E2 block protein aggregation during neurodegeneration, and how a 31-amino-acid zinc finger-like Zfra peptide restores memory loss in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Chuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, NY, United States.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Interaction of WBP2 with ERα increases doxorubicin resistance of breast cancer cells by modulating MDR1 transcription. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:182-192. [PMID: 29937544 PMCID: PMC6048156 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery combined with new adjuvant chemotherapy is the primary treatment for early stage invasive and advanced stage breast cancer. Growing evidence indicates that patients with ERα-positive breast cancer show poor response to chemotherapeutics. However, ERα-mediated drug-resistant mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Levels of WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) and drug-resistant gene were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Cell viability was measured by preforming MTT assay. CD243 expression and apoptosis rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. Interactions of WBP2/ERα and ERα/MDR1 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, respectively. RESULTS There was an intrinsic link between WBP2 and ERα in drug-resistant cancer cells. Upregulation of WBP2 in MCF7 cells increased the chemoresistance to doxorubicin, while RNAi-mediated knockdown of WBP2 in MCF7/ADR cells sensitised the cancer cells to doxorubicin. Further investigation in in vitro and in vivo models demonstrated that WBP2 expression was directly correlated with MDR1, and WBP2 could directly modulate MDR1 transcription through binding to ERα, resulting in increased chemotherapy drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our finding provides a new mechanism for the chemotherapy response of ERα-positive breast tumours, and WBP2 might be a key molecule for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat chemoresistance in breast cancer patients.
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16
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Lim DG, Rajasekaran N, Lee D, Kim NA, Jung HS, Hong S, Shin YK, Kang E, Jeong SH. Polyamidoamine-Decorated Nanodiamonds as a Hybrid Gene Delivery Vector and siRNA Structural Characterization at the Charged Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31543-31556. [PMID: 28853284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds have been discovered as a new exogenous material source in biomedical applications. As a new potent form of nanodiamond (ND), polyamidoamine-decorated nanodiamonds (PAMAM-NDs) were prepared for E7 or E6 oncoprotein-suppressing siRNA gene delivery for high risk human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer, such as types 16 and 18. It is critical to understand the physicochemical properties of siRNA complexes immobilized on cationic solid ND surfaces in the aspect of biomolecular structural and conformational changes, as the new inert carbon material can be extended into the application of a gene delivery vector. A spectral study of siRNA/PAMAM-ND complexes using differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy proved that the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between siRNA and PAMAM-NDs decreased endothermic heat capacity. Moreover, siRNA/PAMAM-ND complexes showed low cell cytotoxicity and significant suppressing effects for forward target E6 and E7 oncogenic genes, proving functional and therapeutic efficacy. The cellular uptake of siRNA/PAMAM-ND complexes at 8 h was visualized by macropinocytes and direct endosomal escape of the siRNA/PAMAM-ND complexes. It is presumed that PAMAM-NDs provided a buffering cushion to adjust the pH and hard mechanical stress to escape endosomes. siRNA/PAMAM-ND complexes provide a potential organic/inorganic hybrid material source for gene delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gon Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nirmal Rajasekaran
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Abion Inc. , Seoul 08394, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukhee Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
- Abion Inc. , Seoul 08394, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunah Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
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17
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Marcu O, Dodson EJ, Alam N, Sperber M, Kozakov D, Lensink MF, Schueler-Furman O. FlexPepDock lessons from CAPRI peptide-protein rounds and suggested new criteria for assessment of model quality and utility. Proteins 2017; 85:445-462. [PMID: 28002624 PMCID: PMC6618814 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CAPRI rounds 28 and 29 included, for the first time, peptide-receptor targets of three different systems, reflecting increased appreciation of the importance of peptide-protein interactions. The CAPRI rounds allowed us to objectively assess the performance of Rosetta FlexPepDock, one of the first protocols to explicitly include peptide flexibility in docking, accounting for peptide conformational changes upon binding. We discuss here successes and challenges in modeling these targets: we obtain top-performing, high-resolution models of the peptide motif for cases with known binding sites but there is a need for better modeling of flanking regions, as well as better selection criteria, in particular for unknown binding sites. These rounds have also provided us the opportunity to reassess the success criteria, to better reflect the quality of a peptide-protein complex model. Using all models submitted to CAPRI, we analyze the correlation between current classification criteria and the ability to retrieve critical interface features, such as hydrogen bonds and hotspots. We find that loosening the backbone (and ligand) RMSD threshold, together with a restriction on the side chain RMSD measure, allows us to improve the selection of high-accuracy models. We also suggest a new measure to assess interface hydrogen bond recovery, which is not assessed by the current CAPRI criteria. Finally, we find that surprisingly much can be learned from rather inaccurate models about binding hotspots, suggesting that the current status of peptide-protein docking methods, as reflected by the submitted CAPRI models, can already have a significant impact on our understanding of protein interactions. Proteins 2017; 85:445-462. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Marcu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emma-Joy Dodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nawsad Alam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Sperber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brooks University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | - Marc F Lensink
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR8576 UGSF, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Chen S, Wang H, Huang YF, Li ML, Cheng JH, Hu P, Lu CH, Zhang Y, Liu N, Tzeng CM, Zhang ZM. WW domain-binding protein 2: an adaptor protein closely linked to the development of breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 28724435 PMCID: PMC5518133 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The WW domain is composed of 38 to 40 semi-conserved amino acids shared with structural, regulatory, and signaling proteins. WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2), as a binding partner of WW domain protein, interacts with several WW-domain-containing proteins, such as Yes kinase-associated protein (Yap), paired box gene 8 (Pax8), WW-domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (TAZ), and WW-domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) through its PPxY motifs within C-terminal region, and further triggers the downstream signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Studies have confirmed that phosphorylated form of WBP2 can move into nuclei and activate the transcription of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), whose expression were the indicators of breast cancer development, indicating that WBP2 may participate in the progression of breast cancer. Both overexpression of WBP2 and activation of tyrosine phosphorylation upregulate the signal cascades in the cross-regulation of the Wnt and ER signaling pathways in breast cancer. Following the binding of WBP2 to the WW domain region of TAZ which can accelerate migration, invasion and is required for the transformed phenotypes of breast cancer cells, the transformation of epithelial to mesenchymal of MCF10A is activated, suggesting that WBP2 is a key player in regulating cell migration. When WBP2 binds with WWOX, a tumor suppressor, ER transactivation and tumor growth can be suppressed. Thus, WBP2 may serve as a molecular on/off switch that controls the crosstalk between E2, WWOX, Wnt, TAZ, and other oncogenic signaling pathways. This review interprets the relationship between WBP2 and breast cancer, and provides comprehensive views about the function of WBP2 in the regulation of the pathogenesis of breast cancer and endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,INNOVA Cell Theranostics/Clinics and TRANSLA Health Group, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Hui Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,INNOVA Cell Theranostics/Clinics and TRANSLA Health Group, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Panwalkar V, Neudecker P, Willbold D, Dingley AJ. Multiple WW domains of Nedd4-1 undergo conformational exchange that is quenched upon peptide binding. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1573-1583. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Panwalkar
- ICS-6 (Strukturbiochemie); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Philipp Neudecker
- ICS-6 (Strukturbiochemie); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- ICS-6 (Strukturbiochemie); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Andrew J. Dingley
- ICS-6 (Strukturbiochemie); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf Germany
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20
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Abu-Remaileh M, Joy-Dodson E, Schueler-Furman O, Aqeilan RI. Pleiotropic Functions of Tumor Suppressor WWOX in Normal and Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30728-35. [PMID: 26499798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.676346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), originally marked as a likely tumor suppressor gene, has over the years become recognized for its role in a much wider range of cellular activities. Phenotypic effects displayed in animal studies, along with resolution of WWOX's architecture, fold, and binding partners, point to the protein's multifaceted biological functions. Results from a series of complementary experiments seem to indicate WWOX's involvement in metabolic regulation. More recently, clinical studies involving cases of severe encephalopathy suggest that WWOX also plays a part in controlling CNS development, further expanding our understanding of the breadth and complexity of WWOX behavior. Here we present a short overview of the various approaches taken to study this dynamic gene, emphasizing the most recent findings regarding WWOX's metabolic- and CNS-associated functions and their underlying molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Joy-Dodson
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- From the Departments of Immunology & Cancer Research and
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21
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Abstract
WWOX, the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase gene at chromosome region 16q23.3-q24.1, spanning chromosomal fragile site FRA16D, encodes the 46 kDa Wwox protein, a tumor suppressor that is lost or reduced in expression in a wide variety of cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and lung. The function of Wwox as a tumor suppressor implies that it serves a function in the prevention of carcinogenesis. Indeed, in vitro studies show that Wwox protein interacts with many binding partners to regulate cellular apoptosis, proliferation, and/or maturation. It has been reported that newborn Wwox knockout mice exhibit nascent osteosarcomas while Wwox(+/-) mice exhibit increased incidence of spontaneous and induced tumors. Furthermore, absence or reduction of Wwox expression in mouse xenograft models results in increased tumorigenesis, which can be rescued by Wwox re-expression, though there is not universal agreement among investigators regarding the role of Wwox loss in these experimental models. Despite this proposed tumor suppressor function, the overlap of the human WWOX locus with FRA16D sensitizes the gene to protein-inactivating deletions caused by replication stress. The high frequency of deletions within the WWOX locus in cancers of various types, without the hallmark protein inactivation-associated mutations of "classical" tumor suppressors, has led to the proposal that WWOX deletions in cancers are passenger events that occur in early cancer progenitor cells due to fragility of the genetic locus, rather than driver events which provide the cancer cell a selective advantage. Recently, a proposed epigenetic cause of chromosomal fragility has suggested a novel mechanism for early fragile site instability and has implications regarding the involvement of tumor suppressor genes at chromosomal fragile sites in cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence for WWOX as a tumor suppressor gene and put this into the context of fragility associated with the FRA16D locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Schrock
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kay Huebner
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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22
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Li J, Liu J, Ren Y, Liu P. Roles of the WWOX in pathogenesis and endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:324-8. [PMID: 25476151 PMCID: PMC4935229 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214561587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies, often with complicated etiology and poor clinical outcome. In recent years, a critical role has emerged for the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) in breast cancer. WWOX is a tumor suppressor; it is deleted or attenuated in 29-63.2% of breast cancer tissues and is associated with a poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. WWOX heterozygous knockout mice show a higher incidence of mammary tumors and impaired branching morphogenesis. At the molecular level, WWOX interacts with AP2γ, ErbB4, SMAD3, and WBP2 suppressing their transcription activities in breast cancer cell lines. This review provides comprehensive insights into the current knowledge of WWOX activities in the pathogenesis and endocrine therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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23
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Dodson EJ, Fishbain-Yoskovitz V, Rotem-Bamberger S, Schueler-Furman O. Versatile communication strategies among tandem WW domain repeats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:351-60. [PMID: 25710931 PMCID: PMC4436281 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214566558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions mediated by short linear motifs in proteins play major roles in regulation of cellular homeostasis since their transient nature allows for easy modulation. We are still far from a full understanding and appreciation of the complex regulation patterns that can be, and are, achieved by this type of interaction. The fact that many linear-motif-binding domains occur in tandem repeats in proteins indicates that their mutual communication is used extensively to obtain complex integration of information toward regulatory decisions. This review is an attempt to overview, and classify, different ways by which two and more tandem repeats cooperate in binding to their targets, in the well-characterized family of WW domains and their corresponding polyproline ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Joy Dodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Fishbain-Yoskovitz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Schuchardt BJ, Mikles DC, Bhat V, McDonald CB, Sudol M, Farooq A. Allostery mediates ligand binding to WWOX tumor suppressor via a conformational switch. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:220-31. [PMID: 25703206 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While being devoid of the ability to recognize ligands itself, the WW2 domain is believed to aid ligand binding to the WW1 domain in the context of a WW1-WW2 tandem module of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) tumor suppressor. In an effort to test the generality of this hypothesis, we have undertaken here a detailed biophysical analysis of the binding of WW domains of WWOX alone and in the context of the WW1-WW2 tandem module to an array of putative proline-proline-x-tyrosine (PPXY) ligands. Our data show that while the WW1 domain of WWOX binds to all ligands in a physiologically relevant manner, the WW2 domain does not. Moreover, ligand binding to the WW1 domain in the context of the WW1-WW2 tandem module is two-to-three-fold stronger than when treated alone. We also provide evidence that the WW domains within the WW1-WW2 tandem module physically associate so as to adopt a fixed spatial orientation relative to each other. Of particular note is the observation that the physical association of the WW2 domain with WW1 blocks access to ligands. Consequently, ligand binding to the WW1 domain not only results in the displacement of the WW2 lid but also disrupts the physical association of WW domains in the liganded conformation. Taken together, our study underscores a key role of allosteric communication in the ability of the WW2 orphan domain to chaperone physiological action of the WW1 domain within the context of the WW1-WW2 tandem module of WWOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Schuchardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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25
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Farooq A. Structural insights into the functional versatility of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase tumor suppressor. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:361-74. [PMID: 25662954 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214561586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) tumor suppressor is beginning to shed new light on both the molecular mechanism of action of its WW domains as well as the contiguous catalytic domain. Herein, the structural basis underlying the ability of WW1 domain to bind to various physiological ligands and how the orphan WW2 tandem partner synergizes its ligand binding in the context of WW1-WW2 tandem module of WWOX is discussed. Notably, the WW domains within the WW1-WW2 tandem module physically associate so as to adopt a fixed spatial orientation relative to each other. In this manner, the association of WW2 domain with WW1 hinders ligand binding to the latter. Consequently, ligand binding to WW1 domain not only results in the displacement of WW2 lid but also disrupts the fixed orientation of WW domains in the liganded conformation. Equally importantly, structure-guided functional approach suggests that the catalytic domain of WWOX likely serves as a retinal oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible oxidation and reduction of all-trans-retinal. Collectively, this review provides structural insights into the functional versatility of a key signaling protein with important implications on its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Farooq
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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26
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Iglesias-Bexiga M, Castillo F, Cobos ES, Oka T, Sudol M, Luque I. WW domains of the yes-kinase-associated-protein (YAP) transcriptional regulator behave as independent units with different binding preferences for PPxY motif-containing ligands. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0113828. [PMID: 25607641 PMCID: PMC4301871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP is a WW domain-containing effector of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, and the object of heightened interest as a potent oncogene and stemness factor. YAP has two major isoforms that differ in the number of WW domains they harbor. Elucidating the degree of co-operation between these WW domains is important for a full understanding of the molecular function of YAP. We present here a detailed biophysical study of the structural stability and binding properties of the two YAP WW domains aimed at investigating the relationship between both domains in terms of structural stability and partner recognition. We have carried out a calorimetric study of the structural stability of the two YAP WW domains, both isolated and in a tandem configuration, and their interaction with a set of functionally relevant ligands derived from PTCH1 and LATS kinases. We find that the two YAP WW domains behave as independent units with different binding preferences, suggesting that the presence of the second WW domain might contribute to modulate target recognition between the two YAP isoforms. Analysis of structural models and phage-display studies indicate that electrostatic interactions play a critical role in binding specificity. Together, these results are relevant to understand of YAP function and open the door to the design of highly specific ligands of interest to delineate the functional role of each WW domain in YAP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Iglesias-Bexiga
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Castillo
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva S. Cobos
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Tsutomu Oka
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, M.C. 26–08, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822–2608, United States of America
| | - Marius Sudol
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, M.C. 26–08, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA, 17822–2608, United States of America
| | - Irene Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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27
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Aqeilan RI, Abu-Remaileh M, Abu-Odeh M. The common fragile site FRA16D gene product WWOX: roles in tumor suppression and genomic stability. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4589-99. [PMID: 25245215 PMCID: PMC11113097 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The fragile WWOX gene, encompassing the chromosomal fragile site FRA16D, is frequently altered in human cancers. While vulnerable to DNA damage itself, recent evidence has shown that the WWOX protein is essential for proper DNA damage response (DDR). Furthermore, the gene product, WWOX, has been associated with multiple protein networks, highlighting its critical functions in normal cell homeostasis. Targeted deletion of Wwox in murine models suggests its in vivo requirement for proper growth, metabolism, and survival. Recent molecular and biochemical analyses of WWOX functions highlighted its role in modulating aerobic glycolysis and genomic stability. Cumulatively, we propose that the gene product of FRA16D, WWOX, is a functionally essential protein that is required for cell homeostasis and that its deletion has important consequences that contribute to the neoplastic process. This review discusses the essential role of WWOX in tumor suppression and genomic stability and how its alteration contributes to cancer transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami I Aqeilan
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91220, Jerusalem, Israel,
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28
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Liu SY, Chiang MF, Chen YJ. Role of WW domain proteins WWOX in development, prognosis, and treatment response of glioma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:315-23. [PMID: 25432984 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214561588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant brain tumor. Delicate microenvironment and lineage heterogeneity of GBM cells including infiltration, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and stemness make them highly resistant to current conventional therapies, with an average life expectancy for GBM patients of less than 15 months. Poor response to cytotoxic agents of GBM cells remains the major challenge of GBM treatment. Resistance of GBM to clinical treatment is a result of genomic alternation and deregulated signaling pathways, such as p53 mutation and apoptosis signaling blockage, providing cancer cells more opportunities for survival rather than cell death. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor gene, commonly downregulated in various types of tumors, including GBM. It has been found that the reintroduction of WWOX induced p53-mutant GBM cells to undergo apoptosis, but not in p53 wild-type GBM cells, indicating WWOX is likely to reopen apoptosis pathways in a p53-independent manner in GBM. Identifying the crucial target modulated by WWOX deficiency provides a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Here, we have reviewed the literatures about the role of WWOX in development, signaling pathway, prognosis, and treatment response in malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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29
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Schuchardt BJ, Mikles DC, Hoang LM, Bhat V, McDonald CB, Sudol M, Farooq A. Ligand binding to WW tandem domains of YAP2 transcriptional regulator is under negative cooperativity. FEBS J 2014; 281:5532-51. [PMID: 25283809 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
YES-associated protein 2 (YAP2) transcriptional regulator drives a multitude of cellular processes, including the newly discovered Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, by virtue of the ability of its WW domains to bind and recruit PPXY-containing ligands to specific subcellular compartments. Herein, we employ an array of biophysical tools to investigate allosteric communication between the WW tandem domains of YAP2. Our data show that the WW tandem domains of YAP2 negatively cooperate when binding to their cognate ligands. Moreover, the molecular origin of such negative cooperativity lies in an unfavorable entropic contribution to the overall free energy relative to ligand binding to isolated WW domains. Consistent with this notion, the WW tandem domains adopt a fixed spatial orientation such that the WW1 domain curves outwards and stacks onto the binding groove of the WW2 domain, thereby sterically hindering ligand binding to both itself and its tandem partner. Although ligand binding to both WW domains disrupts such interdomain stacking interaction, they reorient themselves and adopt an alternative fixed spatial orientation in the liganded state by virtue of their ability to engage laterally so as to allow their binding grooves to point outwards and away from each other. In short, while the ability of WW tandem domains to aid ligand binding is well documented, our demonstration that they may also be subject to negative binding cooperativity represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the molecular action of this ubiquitous family of protein modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Schuchardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Abu-Odeh M, Bar-Mag T, Huang H, Kim T, Salah Z, Abdeen SK, Sudol M, Reichmann D, Sidhu S, Kim PM, Aqeilan RI. Characterizing WW domain interactions of tumor suppressor WWOX reveals its association with multiprotein networks. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8865-80. [PMID: 24550385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domains are small modules present in regulatory and signaling proteins that mediate specific protein-protein interactions. The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) encodes a 46-kDa tumor suppressor that contains two N-terminal WW domains and a central short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain. Based on its ligand recognition motifs, the WW domain family is classified into four groups. The largest one, to which WWOX belongs, recognizes ligands with a PPXY motif. To pursue the functional properties of the WW domains of WWOX, we employed mass spectrometry and phage display experiments to identify putative WWOX-interacting partners. Our analysis revealed that the first WW (WW1) domain of WWOX is the main functional interacting domain. Furthermore, our study uncovered well known and new PPXY-WW1-interacting partners and shed light on novel LPXY-WW1-interacting partners of WWOX. Many of these proteins are components of multiprotein complexes involved in molecular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, tight junction, and metabolism. By utilizing GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays, we validated that WWOX is a substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, which contains two LPXY motifs. We found that ITCH mediates Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of WWOX, leading to its nuclear localization and increased cell death. Our data suggest that the WW1 domain of WWOX provides a versatile platform that links WWOX with individual proteins associated with physiologically important networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- From the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
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31
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Schuchardt BJ, Bhat V, Mikles DC, McDonald CB, Sudol M, Farooq A. Molecular basis of the binding of YAP transcriptional regulator to the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Biochimie 2014; 101:192-202. [PMID: 24472438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The newly discovered transactivation function of ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is believed to be mediated by virtue of the ability of its proteolytically-cleaved intracellular domain (ICD) to physically associate with YAP2 transcriptional regulator. In an effort to unearth the molecular basis of YAP2-ErbB4 interaction, we have conducted a detailed biophysical analysis of the binding of WW domains of YAP2 to PPXY motifs located within the ICD of ErbB4. Our data show that the WW1 domain of YAP2 binds to PPXY motifs within the ICD in a differential manner and that this behavior is by and large replicated by the WW2 domain. Remarkably, while both WW domains absolutely require the integrity of the PPXY consensus sequence, non-consensus residues within and flanking this motif do not appear to be critical for binding. In spite of this shared mode of binding, the WW domains of YAP2 display distinct conformational dynamics in complex with PPXY motifs derived from ErbB4. Collectively, our study lends new insights into the molecular basis of a key protein-protein interaction involved in a diverse array of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Schuchardt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vikas Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David C Mikles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Caleb B McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marius Sudol
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA 17822, USA; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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32
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Li J, Liu J, Ren Y, Yang J, Liu P. Common Chromosomal Fragile Site Gene WWOX in Metabolic Disorders and Tumors. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:142-8. [PMID: 24520212 PMCID: PMC3920169 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
WWOX, a gene that spans the second most common chromosomal fragile site (FRA16D), often exhibits homozygous deletions and translocation breakpoints under multiple cellular stresses induced by extrinsic or intrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, UV, and DNA damage regents. Loss of WWOX is closely related to genomic instability, tumorigenesis, cancer progression and therapy resistance. WWOX heterozygous knockout mice show an increased incidence of spontaneous or induced tumors. WWOX can interact via the WW domain with proteins that possess proline PPxY motifs and is involved in a variety of cellular processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that WWOX that contains a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) domain is involved in steroid metabolism and bone development. Reduced or lost expression of WWOX will lead to development of metabolic disease. In this review, we focus on the roles of WWOX in metabolic disorders and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Jie Liu
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Yu Ren
- 2. Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Jin Yang
- 3. Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Peijun Liu
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
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33
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Schuchardt BJ, Bhat V, Mikles DC, McDonald CB, Sudol M, Farooq A. Molecular origin of the binding of WWOX tumor suppressor to ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Biochemistry 2013; 52:9223-36. [PMID: 24308844 DOI: 10.1021/bi400987k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of WWOX tumor suppressor to physically associate with the intracellular domain (ICD) of ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is believed to play a central role in downregulating the transcriptional function of the latter. Herein, using various biophysical methods, we show that while the WW1 domain of WWOX binds to PPXY motifs located within the ICD of ErbB4 in a physiologically relevant manner, the WW2 domain does not. Importantly, while the WW1 domain absolutely requires the integrity of the PPXY consensus sequence, nonconsensus residues within and flanking this motif do not appear to be critical for binding. This strongly suggests that the WW1 domain of WWOX is rather promiscuous toward its cellular partners. We also provide evidence that the lack of binding of the WW2 domain of WWOX to PPXY motifs is due to the replacement of a signature tryptophan, lining the hydrophobic ligand binding groove, with tyrosine (Y85). Consistent with this notion, the Y85W substitution within the WW2 domain exquisitely restores its binding to PPXY motifs in a manner akin to the binding of the WW1 domain of WWOX. Of particular significance is the observation that the WW2 domain augments the binding of the WW1 domain to ErbB4, implying that the former serves as a chaperone within the context of the WW1-WW2 tandem module of WWOX in agreement with our findings reported previously. Altogether, our study sheds new light on the molecular basis of an important WW-ligand interaction involved in mediating a plethora of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Schuchardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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34
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Role of WWOX and NF-κB in lung cancer progression. TRANSLATIONAL RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:15. [PMID: 27234396 PMCID: PMC4715152 DOI: 10.1186/2213-0802-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that the pro-inflammatory, pro-survival transcription factor NF-κB is a tumor promoter. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α or TNF) mediates NF-κB activation. Tumor suppressor WWOX (FOR or WOX1) is a downstream effector of the TNF signaling. Thus, activation of both WWOX (FOR or WOX1) and NF-κB may occur during TNF signaling and/or under stress conditions. Indeed, the first WW domain of WWOX induces the activation of NF-κB-responsive promoter without TNF participation. It appears that WWOX counteracts with NF-κB in regulating cell survival and death. For example, WWOX becomes activated with Tyr33 phosphorylation and relocates together with NF-κB and many transcription factors to the nucleus to cause neuronal death in sciatic nerve-transected rats. While WWOX is frequently lost in lung cancer and many other cancers, NF-κB activation-induced cancer promotion probably requires WWOX-independent signaling networks to induce expression of pro-survival factors. The antagonistic role of WWOX and NF-κB in the regulation of lung cancer progression is discussed.
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